Yawon shakatawa na jima'i na yara
 Yawon shakatawa na jima'i na yara | |
|---|---|
sex crime (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | sex tourism (en) , pedophilia (en) da Yawon bude ido |
| Described at URL (en) | unicef.org… |
yawon shakatawa na jima'i na yara (CST) yawon shakatawa ne don manufar shiga cikin karuwancin yara, wanda aka sauƙaƙa Cin zarafin yara ta kasuwanci.[1] Ma'anar yaro a cikin Yarjejeniyar Majalisar ɗinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin Yara ita ce "kowane ɗan adam a ƙasa da shekaru 18".[2] Yawon shakatawa na jima'i na yara yana haifar da sakamako na tunani da na jiki ga yaran da aka yi amfani da su, wanda zai iya haɗawa da cututtukan da aka kamu da su ta hanyar jima'i (ciki har da HIV / AIDS), "jinkaye na miyagun ƙwayoyi, ciki, rashin abinci mai gina jiki, ostracism na zamantakewa, da mutuwa", a cewar Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka.[1] Yawon shaƙatawa na jima'i na yara, wani ɓangare na Masana'antar yawon shaƙatawa ta jima'i ta duniya da ke da dala biliyan da yawa, wani nau'i ne na karuwancin yara a cikin babbar batun Cin zarafin yara na kasuwanci. Yawon shaƙatawa na jima'i na yara yana shan wahala kusan yara miliyan 2 a duniya. [1] [3] Yaran da ke yin karuwanci a cikin kasuwancin yawon shaƙatawa a jima'i sau da yawa ana yaudarar su ko kuma an sace su cikin bautar jima'i.[4]
Masu amfani da yara don dalilai na kasuwanci da jima'i za a iya rarraba su ta hanyar dalili. Kodayake masu lalata da yara suna da alaƙa da yawon shaƙatawa na jima'i na yara, ba su da yawancin masu amfani. Akwai nau'ikan masu laifi guda biyu: masu cin zarafin da suka fi son yara, saboda suna neman gina dangantaka da yaro ko kuma saboda suna ganin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar ta jima'i ya zama ƙasa; da masu amfani da yanayi, waɗanda masu cin zarafi ne waɗanda ba sa neman yara ammah a gare su ainihin aikin yana da dama. Ga masu amfani da yanayi, akwai yiwuwar rashin damuwa don bincika shekarun ƙaruwa kafin yin jima'i.[5]
Masu aikata laifukan jima'i na yara na iya amfani da Intanet don tsara tafiye-tafiyen su ta hanyar neman bayanai da kuma ciniki game da damar yawon shaƙatawa na jima'i da kuma inda za'a iya samun yara masu rauni, gabaɗaya a yankunan da ba su da isasshen kuɗi. Gwamnatoci da yawa sun kafa dokoki don ba da izinin gurfanar da 'yan ƙasa saboda cin zarafin yara da aka aikata a waje da ƙasarsu. Koyaya, yayin da dokoki game da yawon shak ƙatawa na jima'i na yara na iya hana masu laifi na yanayi waɗanda zasu iya yin aiki da sauri, masu lalata da yara waɗanda ke tafiya musamman don manufar cin zarafin yara ba su da sauƙin hanawa.[6]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yawon shaƙatawa na jima'i na yara yana da alaƙa da talauci, rikice-rikicen makamai, saurin masana'antu, da haɓaka yawan jama'a.[7] A Latin Amurka da Kudu maso gabashin Asiya, alal misali, yara a kan titi galibi suna juyawa zuwa karuwanci a matsayin mafita ta ƙarshe. Bugu da ƙari, yara masu rauni sune masu sauƙin amfani da masu fataucin mutane.[7] Afirka ta Kudu, [8] Amurka, [9] Thailand, Kambodiya, Indiya, Nepal, Jamhuriyar Dominica, Kenya da Morocco an gano su a matsayin manyan wuraren cin zarafin yara. [10] Har ila yau, an sami shekarun yara a Cambodia, Myanmar, Philippines, da Thailand zuwa shekaru 6 zuwa 11, sannan shekaru 12 zuwa 15, da 15 zuwa 17.
A cikin shekara ta 2012, Rapporteur na Musamman kan sayar da yara, karuwanci na yara da batsa sun ba da rahoton: "Ƙasashen asalin masu yawon bude ido na yara na duniya sun bambanta dangane da yankuna, amma yawanci ana gane buƙatun da suka fito daga ƙasashe masu masana'antu, gami da ƙasashe masu arziki na Turai, Arewacin Amurka, Tarayyar Rasha, Japan, Ostiraliya da New Zealand. Australiya, misali, an gano su ne mafi girman rukuni na masu yawon shakatawa na jima'i na yara na Tailand (31 cikin 100 na Yankin Yankin Yammacin Yankin Yarancin Yankin, Yankin Yunin Yankin Yakin Yankin Yaren Yankin Yuna, Yankin, Amurka, Yankin Indiya, Yankin Japan, Yankin 3 na Yankin, Yanar Yankin Yasan Yankin Yasar Yankin Yaron Yankin Yaki, Yankin[11]
A Tailand, ba a san ainihin adadin yara masu karuwanci ba, amma Cibiyar Nazarin Tsarin Lafiya ta Thailand ta ba da rahoton cewa yara a cikin karuwanci sun kai kashi 40% na masu karuwancin a Thailand.[12] A Cambodia, an kiyasta cewa kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na duk masu karuwanci ba su kai shekara 18 ba.[13][14] A Indiya, 'yan sanda na tarayya sun ce an yi imanin cewa kimanin yara miliyan 1.2 suna da hannu cikin karuwanci. Har zuwa kwanan nan, an yi la'akari da Brazil da mafi munin rikodin fataucin yara bayan Thailand.[15] Kamar yadda Chris Rogers ya bayar da rahoton a BBC World "Yanzu Brazil tana mamaye Thailand a matsayin mafi mashahuriyar wurin yawon shaƙatawa a jima'i a duniya". DLN ta ba da rahoton cewa "Brazil a halin yanzu yana kan babban yanayin yawon shakatawa na jima'i na yara kuma duk an shirya shi don ɗaukar wuri na farko da ya doke Thailand".[16]
Yawon shaƙatawa na jima'i da aka yi niyya da yara yana haifar da babbar hanyar samun kuɗi ga masu fataucin mutane. Cinikin mutane yana da tasiri ga kimanin yara miliyan 1.2 da suka kamu.[17][18] Ofishin Magunguna da Laifuka na Majalisar ɗinkin Duniya (UNODC) kwanan nan ya bayyana cewa kashi 79% na duk fataucin duniya don cin zarafin jima'i ne, wanda shine ɗayan ayyukan aikata laifuka masu saurin girma a duniya.[18]
UNICEF ta lura cewa ana ganin ayyukan jima'i sau da yawa a matsayin batun sirri, yana sa al'ummomi ba sa son yin aiki da shiga tsakani a lokuta na cin zarafin jima'i.[19] Wadannan halaye suna sa yara su fi fuskantar cin zarafin jima'i. Yawancin cin zarafin yara yana faruwa ne sakamakon shafar su cikin cinikin jima'i na manya inda mutanen yankin da masu yawon buɗe ido na jima'i ke amfani da su.[19] Intanet tana ba da ingantaccen kayan aikin sadarwar duniya ga mutane don raba bayanai game da makoma da sayarwa.[19]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 3 "The Facts About Child Sex Tourism". Fact Sheet. US Dept of State, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons. February 29, 2008.
- ↑ "Combating sex crimes against children | SafeTravel". Safetravel.govt.nz. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
- ↑ Klain, Prostitution of Children and Child-Sex Tourism: An Analysis of Domestic and International Responses 1999, ABA Center on Children and the Law, page 33 cited in Susan Song. "Global Child Sex Tourism: Children as Tourist Attractions" (PDF). Youth Advocate Program International Resource Paper. Youth Advocate Program International. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-09-03.
- ↑ R. BARRI FLOWERS (2001). "The Sex Trade Industry's Worldwide Exploitation of Children". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 575 (1): 147–157. doi:10.1177/000271620157500109. S2CID 145420615.
- ↑ Koning, A.; Rijksen-van Dijke, L. (July 2017). "Child sex tourists: A review of the literature on the characteristics, motives, and methods of (Dutch) transnational child sex offenders" (PDF). Politie en Wetenschap. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2018. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "bacon". - 1 2 Eirienne, Arielle K. (2009). "Child Sex Tourism: 'Us' and 'Them' in a Globalized World". Student Pulse. 1 (11).
- ↑ "Child Sexual Abuse: Top 5 Countries with the Highest Rates". 12 February 2014.
- ↑ "Top Five Countries with Highest Rates of Child Prostitution". 6 February 2014.
- ↑ "16,000 Victims of Child Sexual Exploitation". www.ipsnews.net. Archived from the original on 26 March 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
- ↑ "Report of the Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, Najat Maalla M'jid" (PDF). Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. pp. 6–7. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
- ↑ "Trafficking in Minors for Commercial Sexual Exploitation – Thailand" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-07-12. Retrieved 2012-06-26.
- ↑ "Good News, Bad News". Mswallow.typepad.com. Archived from the original on 22 May 2024. Retrieved 13 June 2016.
- ↑ "Facts about child prostitution in Cambodia…". Archived from the original on February 9, 2005. Retrieved 2014-02-05.
- ↑ "LA_Brazils_Child_Prostitution_Crisis". Archived from the original on 3 June 2016. Retrieved 13 June 2016.
- ↑ "World Tourism Day and the darker sides of Tourism | Daily Latest News". 2010-09-29. Archived from the original on 2010-09-29.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)
- ↑ "Child protection from violence, exploitation and abuse". UNICEF. 23 September 2010. Retrieved 9 October 2011.
Some estimates have as many as 1.2 million children being trafficked every year.
- 1 2 Deena Guzder. "UNICEF: Protecting Children from Commercial Sexual Exploitation". Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting. Archived from the original on 10 November 2009.
- 1 2 3 Deena Guzder. "UNICEF: Protecting Children from Commercial Sexual Exploitation". Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting. Archived from the original on 10 November 2009.