Yin takalma
 Yin takalma | |
|---|---|
industry (en)  | |
_-_DPLA_-_5a4ec2008dc0daf0cd5fbc95bfe66a5e.jpg) | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
light industry (en) da Masana'anta |
| Fuskar | takalmi |
| Patron saint (en) |
Saint Spyridon (en) da Crispin (en) |
| Gudanarwan |
Mai ba da izini da shoe factory (en) |
| International Standard Industrial Classification code Rev.4 (en) | 1520 |
| ISCO-88 occupation class (en) | 7536 |
![](http://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayil:10_peintures_annamites_représentant_les_métiers_au_Tonkin_("La_cordonnière").jpg)
Yin takalma tsari ne na yin takalma .
Da farko, ana yin takalma ɗaya bayan ɗaya da hannu, sau da yawa ta hanyar ƙungiyoyin masu yin takalma, ko masu yin igiya (wani lokacin ana kiransu da masu yin takalma ba daidai ba, waɗanda ke gyara takalma maimakon yin su. ). A ƙarni na 18, mutane da yawa ko ma ɗaruruwa [1] na masters, matafiya, da masu koyon aiki (maza da mata) za su yi aiki tare a shago, suna raba aikin zuwa ayyuka daban-daban. Abokin ciniki zai iya zuwa shago, a auna shi daban-daban, sannan ya dawo ya ɗauki sabbin takalmansa cikin ƙasa da kwana ɗaya. [2] Matsakaicin farashin ma'aurata a lokacin shine kusan albashin kwana ɗaya ga matsakaicin mai tafiya. [1]
Kasuwancin yin takalma ya bunƙasa a ƙarni na sha takwas da farkon ƙarni na sha tara amma masana'antu sun fara shafarsa a ƙarshen ƙarni na sha tara. [1] Yin takalma na gargajiya yanzu an maye gurbinsa da yawan takalman da masana'antu ke samarwa, amma ba lallai ba ne a cikin inganci, kulawa ga cikakkun bayanai, ko sana'a . A yau, yawancin takalma ana yin su ne bisa ga girma, maimakon bisa ga sana'a . [2] Ana iya sayar da takalma na musamman, waɗanda aka yi a shekarar 2020 bisa ga al'adun gargajiya, akan dubban daloli na Amurka. [3]
Masu yin takalma na iya samar da nau'ikan takalma iri-iri, ciki har da takalma, takalma, takalma, santsi da moccasins . Irin waɗannan kayayyaki galibi ana yin su ne da fata, itace, roba, filastik, jute ko wasu kayan shuka, kuma galibi suna ƙunshe da sassa da yawa don ingantaccen dorewar tafin ƙafa, an ɗinka su a saman fata.
Sana'o'in da ke yin takalma sun haɗa da sana'o'in cordwainer da na cobbler. Kalmar cobbler da aka fara amfani da ita a matsayin barkwanci don nuna cewa wani bai san sana'arsa ba; a ƙarni na 18, ta zama kalma ga waɗanda ke gyara takalma amma ba su san isassun kayan da za su yi ba. [1]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Hanyoyin gargajiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 3 Mathew, Scott. "7 Common Misconceptions About 18th Century Shoemaking". 18th Century History. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
- ↑ Grubbs, Patrick. "Shoemakers and Shoemaking". The encyclopedia of greater Philadelphia. Retrieved 29 May 2020.