Yunkurin Maris

Ides of March (/aɪdz/; Latin: Idus Martiae, Latin Tsakiya: [Idus Martii] Kuskure: {{Lang}}: unrecognized private tag: medieval (taimako))[1] ita ce ranar da ke kan kalandar Romawa da aka yiwa alama da Idus, kusan tsakiyar wata, na Martius, wanda ya yi daidai da 15 Maris a kalandar Gregorian. An yi ta da manyan bukukuwan addini da dama. A shekara ta 44 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa, ta zama sananne a matsayin ranar kisan gillar Julius Caesar, wanda ya sanya Ides of March ya zama wani lokaci mai canzawa a tarihin Romawa.

Ya kamata a yi

Romawa ba su ƙidaya kowace rana ta wata daga rana ta farko zuwa rana ta ƙarshe ba. Maimakon haka, sun ƙidaya daga wurare uku na watan: Nones (na 5 ko 7, kwana takwas kafin Ides), Ides (na 13 ga mafi yawan watanni, amma na 15 a watan Maris, Mayu, Yuli, da Oktoba), da Kalends (1st na watan mai zuwa).

Asalin Ides ya kamata a ƙayyade shi ta hanyar cikakken wata, yana nuna Asalin wata na kalandar Roman. Martius (Maris) shine watan farko na shekara ta Roman har zuwa tsakiyar karni na biyu BC, wani tsari da aka nuna a cikin sunayen lambobi na watanni na Satumba (wata ta bakwai) zuwa Disamba (wata ta goma) ba daidai da matsayinsu na yanzu a kalandar Gregorian ba. A cikin kalandar Romawa ta farko, Ides na Maris zai kasance wata ta farko ta sabuwar shekara. A matsayin wani abu mai mahimmanci a cikin watan, ayyukan da aka tara Ides sun saita su faru kowane wata, kuma shine ranar da biyan bashin da haya ya kamata.

Bukukuwan addini

Kwamitin da aka yi tunanin nuna Mamuralia, daga mosaic na watanni da Maris ya kasance a farkon shekara (farkon rabin karni na uku AD, daga El Djem, Tunisiya, a Roman Africa)

An sanya wa watan Martius suna ne ga Allah Mars, wanda aka yi bikin "ranar haihuwar" a farkon, amma Ides na kowane wata sun kasance masu tsarki ga Jupiter, allahn Romawa mafi girma. Flamen Dialis, babban firist na Jupiter, ya jagoranci "Ides tumaki" (ovis Idulis) a cikin procession tare da Via Sacra zuwa arx, inda aka miƙa shi hadaya.

Maris ta riƙe yawancin bukukuwan sabuwar shekara ko da lokacin da aka riga ta a kalandar ta Janairu da Fabrairu. Baya ga hadaya ta kowane wata, Ides na Maris kuma shine lokacin bikin Anna Perenna, allahiya ta shekara (Latin annus) wanda bikinsa ya kammala bukukuwan sabuwar shekara. An yi bikin ranar da farin ciki a tsakanin talakawa tare da shakatawa, shan giya, da kuma biki. Wata tushe daga Ƙarshen zamanin d ̄ a kuma ta sanya Mamuralia a kan Ides na Maris. Wannan bikin, wanda ke da fannoni na scapegoat ko tsohuwar al'adar Girkanci <span about="#mwt50" data-cx="[{&quot;adapted&quot;:true,&quot;partial&quot;:false,&quot;targetExists&quot;:true,&quot;mandatoryTargetParams&quot;:[],&quot;optionalTargetParams&quot;:[]}]" data-mw="{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Transl&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;./Samfuri:Transl&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;grc&quot;},&quot;2&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;pharmakos&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwYQ" title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><i lang="grc-Latn">pharmakos</i></span>, ya haɗa da doke wani tsoho da ke sanye da fatar dabba kuma watakila ya kore shi daga birnin. Wataƙila bikin sabon shekara ne wanda ke wakiltar korar tsohuwar shekara.

A cikin zamanin mulkin mallaka na baya, Ides sun fara Cybele#'Holy_week'_in_March" id="mwbQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Cybele">"Mako mai tsarki" na bukukuwa da ke murna da Cybele da Attis, kasancewa ranar Canna intrat ("The Reed ya shiga"), lokacin da aka haifi Attis kuma aka same shi a cikin igiyoyin kogin Phrygian. Makiyaya ko allahiya Cybele ne suka gano shi, wanda aka fi sani da Magna Mater ("Babban Uwar") (labaran sun bambanta). Bayan mako guda, a ranar 22 ga watan Maris, bikin tunawa da Arbor intrat ("The Tree enters") ya tuna da mutuwar Attis a ƙarƙashin itacen pine. Kwalejin firistoci, dendrophoroi ("masu ɗauke da itace") a kowace shekara suna yanke itace, suna rataye hoton Attis, kuma suna ɗauke da shi zuwa haikalin Magna Mater tare da makoki. An tsara ranar a matsayin wani ɓangare na kalandar Romawa ta hukuma a ƙarƙashin Claudius (d. 54 AD). Lokaci na kwana uku na makoki ya biyo baya, wanda ya ƙare tare da bikin sake haihuwar Attis a ranar 25 ga Maris, ranar Equinox na bazara a Kalandar Julian.

Kashe Kaisar

Hagu na baya na Ides na Maris Coin (denali) wanda mai kisan Kaisar Brutus ya bayar a cikin kaka na 42 BC, tare da raguwa EID MAR (Eidibus Martiis - "a kan Ides na March") a ƙarƙashin "kashin 'yanci" tsakanin daggers biyu

A zamanin yau, Ides na Maris an fi sani da ranar da aka kashe Julius Kaisar a 44 BC. An kashe Kaisar a wani taron Majalisar Dattijai. Kimanin masu makirci 60, karkashin jagorancin Brutus da Cassius, sun shiga. A cewar Plutarch, [1] wani mai gani ya yi gargadi cewa cutar za ta zo wa Kaisar a Ides na Maris. A kan hanyarsa zuwa Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Pompey, inda za a kashe shi, Kaisar ya wuce mai gani kuma ya yi ba'a, "To, Ides na Maris sun zo", yana nuna cewa annabcin bai cika ba, wanda mai gani ya amsa, "Aye, sun zo, amma ba su tafi ba. " [1] Wannan taron ya shahara sosai a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na William Shakespeare Julius Kaisar, lokacin da mai ba da labari ya gargadi Kaisar ya "yi hankali ga Ides na March" [undefined] Roman mai ba da sunan mai duba Suetonius [2] ya bayyana "mai gani.[3]

Kisan Kaisar ya buɗe babi na ƙarshe a cikin Rikicin Jamhuriyar Roma. Bayan nasarar da ya samu a yakin basasar Kaisar, mutuwarsa ta haifar da jerin yaƙe-yaƙe na Romawa wanda a ƙarshe zai haifar da hauhawar ikon magajinsa Octavian. A cikin 27 BC, Octavian ya zama sarki Augustus, kuma ta haka ne a ƙarshe ya dakatar da Jamhuriyar Roma. A Rubuce-rubuce a ƙarƙashin Augustus, Ovid ya nuna kisan a matsayin cin zarafi, tunda Kaisar shi ne pontifex maximus na Roma kuma firist na Vesta. A ranar cika shekaru hudu da mutuwar Kaisar a 40 BC, bayan samun nasara a kewaye da Perugia, Octavian ya kashe sanatoci 300 da mahayan da suka yi yaƙi da shi a ƙarƙashin Mark Antony)">Lucius Antonius, ɗan'uwan Mark Antony . Kashe-kashen na ɗaya daga cikin jerin ayyukan da Octavian ya ɗauka don rama mutuwar Kaisar. Suetonius da masanin tarihi Cassius Dio sun nuna kisan a matsayin hadaya ta addini, suna lura da cewa ya faru ne a ranar Ides na Maris a sabon bagaden ga mai suna Julius.

Dubi kuma

• The Ides of March - wani littafi na 1948 na Thornton Wilder
• The Ides of March (est. 1964) - ƙungiyar kiɗa ta Amurka
• "The Ides of March" - waƙar 1981 ta Iron MaidenYarinyar ƙarfe
• "The Ides of March" - waƙar 2005 ta Silverstein
• The Ides of March - wani littafi na 2008 na Valerio Massimo Manfredi
• The Ides of March - fim na 2011 na George Clooney, Beau Willimon da Grant Heslov
• The Ides of March - kundin kiɗa na 2021 na Myles Kennedy