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Yunkurin sake buɗe cinikin bayi na transatlantic

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Yunkurin sake buɗe cinikin bayi na transatlantic
Bayanai
Ƙasa Tarayyar Amurka
Ko da yake Amurka ba ta daina karɓar jiragen ruwa na transatlantic ko transcaribbean bisa doka ba bayan shekara ta 1808, cinikin ya ci gaba zuwa Brazil da Cuba; Sojojin ruwa na Burtaniya sun kwace tutar wannan dan kasuwar bayi a shekarun 1860

Yunkurin sake buɗe cinikin bayi na transatlantic wani kamfen na 1850s na Amurkawa ne na turawan kudu, da yawa daga cikinsu Ƙungiyoyin gaba, don soke dokar shekara ta 1808 da ta haramta shigo da bayi da kuma sake fara cinikin bayi na transatlantic. [1] Saboda rawar da suke takawa a tattalin arzikin kudanci, kuma a wani ɓangare saboda yawan hasashe, bayi sun yi tsada sosai. Masu fafutukar sake fara shigo da bayi daga ƙasashen waje sun yi fatan rage farashi ta hanyar ƙara samar da kayayyaki, da sa ikon mallakar bayi ya zama mai sauki ga waɗanda ba ajin shuka ba, da kuma sanya bayin kowane mutum mai rahusa da kuma yadda za a iya zubar da su, da fatan hakan zai tabbatar da makomar siyasa ta bautar bayi a Amurka.[2]

Tarihi

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Editocin jaridu don mayar da martani ga kama Wanderer

Wannan motsi ya bazu kuma yana girma a cikin shekaru goma. Dokar shekarar 1808 an "karyata ta cikin sharuɗɗan karfi" a duk faɗin Kudu, kuma an kira ta "ya'yan itace na 'mai fama da rashin lafiya' 'mai ba da gudummawa.'" [3] Alal misali, a cikin shekarar 1854 babban juri na Williamsburg County, South Carolina ya ba da rahoton, "Kamar yadda ra'ayinmu na gaba ɗaya, cewa dokar Tarayya da ta soke Bautar bayi a Afirka ta gunaguni ce ta jama'a. Muna riƙe wannan cinikin ya kasance kuma zai kasance, idan an sake kafa shi, albarka ga mutanen Amurka da kuma amfanin Jam'iyyar Kasuwancin Afirka ta Kudu ta Montgomery kanta.[4] A matsayin mai magana ɗaya, William Lowndes Yancey na Alabama, ya yi jayayya:

Mutumin ya ce yana riƙe da wata shawara daga wani abokinsa daga Georgia: "Idan yana daidai a reni bayi domin a sayar da su, to me ya sa ba zai zama daidai ba a shigo da su daga waje?" ... Misali, mu dauka wani Kyaftin daga New Orleans ya tambayi wannan mutumin daga Virginia ko ya halatta ya sayi bayi ya kai su New Orleans. Amsar da za a ba shi ita ce: ya halatta muddin bai saya su daga Cuba, Brazil, ko Afirka ba. Sai Kyaftin ɗin ya tambaya: "To ina zan sayi bayin?" Mutumin daga Virginia, bisa ga manufa ta riba da ta ke jagorantar mutane gaba ɗaya, zai ce masa: "Zo Richmond ka saya daga nan." To yanzu idan yana daidai mutum ya sayi bayi a Virginia ya kai su New Orleans, me ya sa ba zai zama daidai ba mutum ya saya su daga Cuba, Brazil ko Afirka ya kai su can? Mutumin daga Virginia zai ce babu wani laifi a hakan ta fuskar ɗabi'a, amma zai nuna alkaluman gwamnati na Tarayya da ke nuna fifiko ga Virginia fiye da Cuba, Brazil, ko Afirka, wanda hakan ke hana Kyaftin ya sayi bayi daga inda zai samu su mafi arha. A da South Carolina tana da ra'ayinta na musamman game da 'yancin kasuwanci, har ma wani lokaci ta cika da makamai tana kare 'yancinta na siyan sukari daga Cuba maimakon daga Louisiana. Amma yanzu an tilasta mata ta sayi bayi daga Virginia maimakon daga Cuba, Brazil, ko Afirka.[5]

Taswirar da ke nuna William Walker, ɗaya daga cikin masu mulkin mallaka mai zaman kansa da ake kira "filibusters" waɗanda suka nemi kwace ƙasar Amurka ta Tsakiya ko Caribbean don faɗaɗa ƙasar Amurka inda aka halatta bauta (duba kuma Narciso López ); yunƙurin mamaye ƙasar Nicaragua da Cuba, wanda ya faru a cikin 1850s, masu bautar bayi da masu cinikin bayi ne suka ba da tallafi a Kudancin Amurka.

An zartar da wani ƙuduri zuwa irin wannan sakamako a Louisiana a cikin shekarar 1859. Editan jaridar Louisiana ta yi gardama, "Lokacin da kuka cire shi daga ikon manoma na yau da kullun don siyan namiji ko mace Negro don taimaka masa a gonarsa ko matarsa a cikin gida, kun mai da shi abolitionist nan da nan." [2] Masu cin wuta na tsattsauran ra'ayi sun ba da kwarin gwiwa ga matsayin. [6]

Nathan Bedford Forrest ya ba da shawarar fataucin mutane daga ketare, kafin da ma bayan yakin basasar Amurka. A cikin shekarar 1859 ya sake sayar da wasu daga cikin 'yan Afirka da aka shigo da su ba bisa ka'ida ba a kan kafin yakin basasa. Daga baya, a cikin shekarar 1869, ya gaya wa New York Times cewa shirinsa na sabuwar ma'aikata ta Kudu zai kasance, "Ku fitar da su daga Afirka ... Za su inganta bayan sun isa nan; su ne mafi kyawun halittu a duniya, kuma idan kun sanya su a cikin squads na goma, tare da ci gaba. [sic] gogaggen shugaba a kowace tawagar, nan ba da jimawa ba za su farfaɗo da ƙasarmu." [7]

Akwai bambance-bambance a fili a tsakanin jihohin bayi game da ra'ayin: "Thomas Walton na Mississippi ya ce a cikin wata maƙala da ta bayyana a cikin <i id="mwXQ">DeBow's Review</i> na watan Janairun shekarar 1859, cewa idan an kafa haɗin gwiwar kudancin Virginia da Kentucky zai hana sake buɗe kasuwancin Afirka don kare dillalan su." [8] :

Duba kuma

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  • Filibuster War - 1856-57 mamayewar Nicaragua ta mercenary William Walker
  • Knights of the Golden Circle - Ƙungiyar asiri a tsakiyar karni na 19 Amurka
  • Post-1808 importation of slaves to the United States
  • Proslavery thought - Ra'ayi wanda ke ganin bautar a matsayin kyakkyawan abu
  • Slavery as a positive good in the United States - Ra'ayi mai yawa a Kudancin Amurka kafin yakin basasar AmurkaShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi
  • Slave trade in the United States

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ Richardson, Joe M. (1973). "A Pro-Slavery Crusade: The Agitation to Reopen the African Slave Trade (review)". Civil War History. 19 (1): 83–84. doi:10.1353/cwh.1973.0028. ISSN 1533-6271. S2CID 145520833.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Johnson, Walter (2009). Soul by Soul: Life Inside the Antebellum Slave Market (in Turanci). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. p. 216. ISBN 9780674039155. OCLC 923120203. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ Sherwin, Oscar (1945). "Trading in Negroes". Negro History Bulletin. 8 (7): 160–166. ISSN 0028-2529. JSTOR 44214396.
  4. ↑ Du Bois, W.E.B. (2007) [1935]. Black Reconstruction in America: An Essay Toward a History of the Part Which Black Folk Played in the Attempt to Reconstruct Democracy in America, 1860-1880. The Oxford W.E.B. DuBois. Introduction by David Levering Lewis. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-532581-2.
  5. ↑ Hendrix, James (1968-05-01). The Efforts To Reopen The African Slave Trade In Louisiana (Doctor of Philosophy thesis) (in Turanci). Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College. doi:10.31390/gradschool_disstheses.8262.
  6. ↑ Takaki, Ronald (1965). "The Movement to Reopen the African Slave Trade in South Carolina". The South Carolina Historical Magazine. 66 (1): 38–54. ISSN 0038-3082. JSTOR 27566555.
  7. ↑ Wall, Austin (Spring 2018). "Direct from Congo: Nathan Bedford Forrest's Involvement in the Illegal African Slave Trade" (PDF). Rhodes Historical Review. Memphis, Tenn. Retrieved 2023-08-07.
  8. ↑ Clark, T. D. (December 1934). "The Slave Trade between Kentucky and the Cotton Kingdom". The Mississippi Valley Historical Review. 21 (3): 331. doi:10.2307/1897378.
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