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Zaɓin abinci na tsofaffi

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Zaɓin abinci na tsofaffi
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Ƙaramin ɓangare nafood preference (en) Fassara

Bincike kan abubuwan da ake so a abinci ga tsofaffi da tsofaffi yana la'akari da yadda abubuwan da mutane ke fuskanta na abinci ke canzawa yayin tsufa, kuma yana taimaka wa mutane su fahimci yadda ɗanɗano, abinci mai gina jiki, da zaɓin abinci za su iya canzawa a tsawon rayuwar mutum, musamman lokacin da mutane suka kai shekaru 70 ko sama da haka. Abubuwan da ke tasiri ga canje-canje na iya haɗawa da: yanayin zamantakewa da al'adu, jinsi da/ko halaye na mutum, da kuma lafiyar jiki da ta kwakwalwa. An gudanar da nazarin kimiyya don bayyana dalilin da yasa mutane ke son wasu abinci ko ba sa son su da kuma abubuwan da za su iya shafar waɗannan abubuwan da ake so.

Kimiyyar fifikon abinci

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Dala na Jagorar Abinci [1]

Ana yin bincike a wannan fanni ne yawanci domin a binciki abubuwan da ke haifar da canje-canje a cikin abincin da tsofaffi ke so; misali shine Shirin Gina Jiki na Tsofaffi (ENP). An aiwatar da ENP a cikin 1972 don bincika yadda fifikon abinci ya bambanta dangane da jinsi na halitta da ƙabilu, manufar ita ce inganta ingancin shirye-shiryen abinci.

An tantance abinci da abubuwan da ake so ga ƙungiyoyin abinci guda 13, waɗanda suka haɗa da sabbin 'ya'yan itatuwa, kaza, miya, salati, kayan lambu, dankali, nama, sandwiches, taliya, 'ya'yan itacen gwangwani, wake, naman deli, da abincin ƙabila, domin samun fahimtar yanayin abincin mutane da kuma abubuwan da ake so. Bayan daidaitawa ga masu canji, an gano cewa tsofaffi maza sun fi son naman deli, nama, wake, ' ya'yan itacen gwangwani, da abincin ƙabila idan aka kwatanta da mata. Bugu da ƙari, idan aka kwatanta da 'yan Afirka-Amurkawa, binciken ya gano cewa "... 'Yan Caucasian sun nuna fifiko mafi girma ga ƙungiyoyin abinci guda 9 cikin 13, ciki har da taliya, nama, da 'ya'yan itace sabo", kuma sun ba da shawarar cewa "... Don inganta ingancin ENP, da kuma ƙara bin ƙa'idodin abinci na tsofaffi ga shirye-shiryen, ayyukan abinci mai gina jiki suna buƙatar tsarin abinci mai mahimmanci wanda ke neman kuma ya haɗa da fifikon abincin manya". [2]

Tasiri kan fifikon abinci

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Akwai abubuwa da yawa a rayuwar tsofaffi waɗanda zasu iya shafar abubuwan da suke so a abinci. Abubuwa kamar muhallinsu, lafiyar kwakwalwa da ta jiki, da zaɓin salon rayuwa duk zasu iya taimakawa ga ɗanɗano da/ko halaye na tsofaffi.

Wani kasidar da ta shafi Tasirin Aikin Fahimta a cikin Tsofaffi ( <i id="mwMA">Neuropsychology</i>, Nuwamba 2014) ta bayyana cewa "matsayin abinci mai gina jiki na tsofaffi yana da alaƙa da ingancin rayuwarsu, ikon rayuwa da kansu, da kuma haɗarin kamuwa da cututtuka masu tsada. Lafiyar abinci mai gina jiki ta tsofaffi na iya shafar ta hanyar dalilai da yawa na zamantakewa da muhalli, gami da samun abinci mai kyau da araha, wuraren cin abinci da aka taru, da zaɓin abinci mai gina jiki a gidajen cin abinci. Kwalejin Gina Jiki da Abinci, Ƙungiyar Abinci ta Amurka, da Ƙungiyar Ilimi kan Abinci mai gina jiki sun gano damar da tsofaffi ke da ita na samun abinci mai kyau don zama mahimmanci ga rigakafin cututtuka da haɓaka lafiyar abinci mai gina jiki don a iya kiyaye ingancin rayuwa da 'yancin kai a duk lokacin tsufa kuma za a iya rage yawan kuɗin kula da lafiya". [3]

Matasa da tsofaffi

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Ɗanɗanon mutum, buƙatun wasu bitamin da sauran abubuwan gina jiki, da kuma sha'awarsa ga nau'ikan abinci daban-daban na iya canzawa a tsawon rayuwarsa. Matasa 50 da tsofaffi 48 sun halarci wani bincike da Cibiyar Kula da Lafiyar Monell ta gudanar. [4] Mutanen da ake kira "Matasa" sun kasance daga shekaru 18 zuwa 35, kuma an bayyana waɗanda ake kira "tsofaffi" a matsayin waɗanda shekarunsu suka kai 65 ko sama da haka. Akwai mata da yawa fiye da maza a cikin binciken, amma akwai kusan daidai gwargwado na maza da mata a cikin ƙungiyoyin shekaru biyu.

Binciken ya lura cewa ƙananan mata suna da sha'awar alewa fiye da tsofaffi. Abubuwan da za a iya la'akari da su na wannan bambancin su ne zagayowar jinin al'adar mata matasa da aka yi wa gwaji da kuma gaskiyar cewa tsofaffi mata sun taɓa yin jinin al'ada . Binciken ya kuma yi hasashen cewa "... An ce kashi casa'in da ɗaya cikin ɗari (91%) na sha'awar da ke da alaƙa da zagayowar ta faru ne a rabin zagaye na biyu (tsakanin ovulation da farkon haila )". [4]

Ana iya la'akari da waɗannan canje-canje na jiki yayin tantance dalilin da yasa tsofaffi ba sa samun abinci mai gina jiki da suke buƙata. Yayin da ɗanɗanon ke canzawa tare da shekaru, wasu abinci ba za a iya ɗaukar su a matsayin abin sha'awa ba. Misali, wani bincike da Dr. Phyllis B. Grzegorczyk ya gudanar ya kammala da cewa yayin da mutane ke tsufa, hankalinsu na ɗanɗanon abinci mai gishiri yana raguwa a hankali. [5]

Tsofaffi ma'aurata suna cin abincin rana tare

Har yanzu ba a san ainihin musabbabin PMOS ba. [1] Akwai wani abu da ke bayyana a matsayin kwayar halitta, amma ana kyautata zaton abubuwan da ke haifar da muhalli su ne ke haifar da hakan. PMOS yana faruwa ne tsakanin kashi 5% zuwa 18% na mata. [2] Wannan matsala tana da alaƙa da juriyar insulin, wanda kiba ke ƙara ta'azzara. Juriyar insulin da yawan insulin da ke tattare da shi suna ƙara haɗarin rikitarwa kamar ciwon suga na nau'in 2 da cutar hanta. [3] Mata masu PMOS suma suna da haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansar endometrial . [4]Akwai bambance-bambance a cikin fifikon abinci tsakanin jinsi . A cikin wani bincike da ENP ta gudanar, an gano fifikon mutane maza da mata a cikin waɗannan ƙungiyoyin abinci guda 13: sabbin 'ya'yan itace, kaza, miya, salati, kayan lambu, dankali, nama, sandwiches, taliya, 'ya'yan itacen gwangwani, legumes, nama na deli, da ƙabilu.

Ta hanyar wannan binciken, an ga cewa mazan da suka manyanta "sun fi son naman da aka dafa da nama, nama, wake, 'ya'yan itatuwa na gwangwani, da abincin ƙabila idan aka kwatanta da mata". [2]

Wani bincike da Cibiyar Monell Chemical Senses ta gudanar ya nuna cewa mata suna da sha'awar alewa da cakulan fiye da maza; kuma sakamakon binciken ya nuna cewa maza suna da sha'awar abinci fiye da alewa. [4]

Lafiyar Kai

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Lafiyar jiki

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Wasu tsofaffi suna guje wa wasu abinci ko kuma ba sa son canza abincinsu saboda matsalolin lafiyar baki. Waɗannan matsalolin, kamar haƙoran haƙora marasa kyau (haƙoran ƙarya) ko cututtukan dashen hakori, suna da alaƙa da manyan bambance-bambance a cikin ingancin abinci, wanda shine ma'auni na ingancin abinci ta amfani da jimillar shawarwari takwas game da cin abinci da abubuwan gina jiki daga Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa (NAS). Ana buƙatar hanyoyin rage guje wa abinci da haɓaka canje-canje ga abincin mutanen da ke fama da matsalolin cin abinci saboda matsalolin lafiyar baki, saboda ba tare da iya tauna ko cin abinci yadda ya kamata ba, lafiyarsu tana shafar sosai, kuma zaɓin abincinsu yana da iyaka sosai (mai laushi sosai ko ruwa kawai). [6]

Saboda dalilai daban-daban da ke cikin lafiyar jiki da ta hankali na tsofaffi, zaɓin cin abinci na iya zama da wahala. Yawancin tsofaffi ana tilasta musu cin abinci mai laushi, abinci wanda ya haɗa da zare da furotin, shan ruwa mai ɗauke da sinadarin calcium, da sauransu. Shida daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da mutuwa ga tsofaffi, ciki har da cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, ciwon daji, cututtukan numfashi na yau da kullun, bugun jini, cutar Alzheimer, da ciwon suga, suna da dalilai masu alaƙa da abinci mai gina jiki da/ko kuma suna amsawa da kyau ga hanyoyin abinci mai gina jiki. [7] Waɗannan cututtuka shida na iya aiwatar da wasu ƙuntatawa kuma suna yin tasiri sosai ga abincin tsofaffi.

Raguwar lafiyar jiki, kamar cututtuka kamar ciwon gaɓɓai, na iya haifar da tabarbarewar abinci saboda wahalar shirya abinci da cin abinci. [8]

A taron "Samar da Abinci Mai Kyau da Lafiya Yayin da Muke Tsufa" na 2010 wanda Cibiyar Magunguna ta dauki nauyinsa, Dr. Katherine Tucker ta lura cewa tsofaffi ba sa aiki sosai kuma suna da ƙarancin yawan narkewar abinci, tare da raguwar buƙatar cin abinci. Bugu da ƙari, suna yawan samun cututtuka da/ko shan magunguna waɗanda ke kawo cikas ga shan abubuwan gina jiki. Dangane da buƙatun abincin da suka nema, wani bincike ya ƙirƙiro wani shiri na musamman na abinci ga manya sama da shekaru 70. [9]

Babu isassun shaidu da za su ba da shawarar yin amfani da kowace irin carbohydrate wajen hana ko rage raguwar fahimta ga tsofaffi masu fama da fahimta ta yau da kullun ko kuma ƙarancin fahimtar juna. [10] Ana buƙatar ƙarin shaida don kimanta ci gaban ƙwaƙwalwa da kuma gano matsalolin abinci mai gina jiki saboda carbohydrates.

Lafiyar kwakwalwa

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Tasirin wasu cututtuka na iya shafar ingancin abinci a cikin tsofaffi, musamman waɗanda ke cikin wuraren kulawa. Wasu abubuwan haɗari sun haɗa da yanayi waɗanda ke lalata aikin fahimta, kamar ciwon hauka . Idan mutum ya faɗa cikin wani yanayi da ke iyakance ƙarfin tunani, haɗarin mutuwa na iya ƙaruwa idan ba a aiwatar da kulawa mai kyau ba. [11]

Sakamakon wasu yanayin lafiyar kwakwalwa da/ko cututtuka—kamar cutar Alzheimer —abin da mutum yake so a ci zai iya shafarsa. Da wasu cututtuka, mutane na iya samun takamaiman fifiko ko ƙyama ga nau'ikan abinci daban-daban waɗanda ba su kasance ba kafin a fara su. Misali, mutanen da ke fama da cutar Alzheimer na iya fuskantar manyan da ƙananan canje-canje sakamakon alamunsu. [12] Wani canji da Suszynski ya gano a cikin "Yadda Dementia Tampers with Taste Buds" yana cikin ɗanɗanon majiyyaci da ke fama da cutar dementia, wanda ke ɗauke da masu karɓar dandano. Tunda ƙwarewar ɗanɗanon ta canza sosai, mutanen da ke fama da cutar dementia sau da yawa suna iya canza halayen cin abincinsu kuma su ɗauki sabbin abubuwan da ake so na abinci gaba ɗaya. A cikin wannan binciken, masu binciken sun gano cewa waɗannan marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar dementia suna da matsala wajen gano ɗanɗanon kuma sun bayyana sun rasa ikon tunawa da ɗanɗanon, wanda hakan ya haifar da ka'idar cewa dementia ya sa marasa lafiya suka rasa ilimin dandanonsu. [12]

Yanayin tunani na iya shafar halayen cin abinci na tsofaffi. Misali, tsawon lokacin da zawarawa ke ɗauka na iya shafar abinci mai gina jiki. [13] Baƙin ciki a cikin tsofaffi kuma yana da alaƙa da haɗarin rashin abinci mai gina jiki. [14]

Zaɓin salon rayuwa

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Tsofaffi, kamar kowa, suna da zaɓuɓɓukan salon rayuwa daban-daban da suka shafi halayen cin abincinsu. Zaɓuɓɓukan abinci galibi suna faruwa ne sakamakon imani da abubuwan da mutum yake so. [8]

Wani bincike da aka gudanar bisa rahoton kai-tsaye ya gano cewa da yawa daga cikin tsofaffi 'yan Iowa da ke karkara sun rungumi dabi'un cin abinci waɗanda ke ba da isasshen matakan wasu muhimman abubuwan gina jiki, kuma yawancinsu ba su sha ƙarin abinci don gyara matsalar ba. [15] Sabanin haka, wani bincike a gidan abinci ya gano cewa tasirin salon rayuwa na lafiya da dorewa kan zaɓin abinci mai kyau ya fi ƙarfi ga tsofaffi fiye da waɗanda ba manyan ba. [16]

Wasu bincike sun gano cewa manya, ba tare da la'akari da shekarunsu ba, za su fi ƙara yawan cin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu bayan an gano suna da ciwon nono, prostate, ko kuma ciwon hanji. [8]

Yanayin zamantakewa da kuma yanayin yanayi

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Muhalli na iya yin tasiri sosai ga abubuwan da tsofaffi ke so a abinci. Waɗanda ke da shekaru kusan 75 zuwa sama suna fuskantar ƙarancin motsi saboda matsalolin lafiya, [17] kuma galibi suna dogara ga wasu don siyayya da shirya abinci. [18]

A wasu yankuna, tsofaffi da ba sa zuwa gida suna samun abinci sau ɗaya a rana (ana iya haɗa da abinci sabo da daskararre da yawa a cikin isarwa ɗaya) daga al'ummomi. waɗanda ke bayar da tayin sun taru abinci, ko abinci da ake bayarwa a wuraren al'umma kamar cibiyoyin tsofaffi, majami'u, ko al'ummomin gidaje na tsofaffi. [19] Waɗannan shirye-shiryen abinci da aka taru ana ƙarfafa su [ daga wa? ] su ba wa waɗannan tsofaffi abinci aƙalla sau biyar a mako.

Samun damar sufuri na iya zama matsala ga tsofaffi, musamman a yankunan karkara inda akwai ƙarancin sufuri na jama'a . Wannan na iya bambanta sosai dangane da yanayin ƙasa; misali, wani bincike da aka gudanar a Iowa ya kasa gano matsaloli wajen siyan abinci tsakanin tsofaffi a yankunan karkara da garuruwa masu buɗewa, saboda waɗanda ba su da sufuri na kansu sun dogara da iyali, abokai, da manyan ma'aikata. [18] Wani bincike daban ya gano ɗan bambanci a yankunan birane da tsofaffi waɗanda ba su da mota. [20] Baya ga sufuri, nau'in da ingancin abincin da ake da shi na iya tsara zaɓin abinci idan mutum yana zaune a cikin abin da ake kira " hamadar abinci ".

Nau'in hanyar sadarwa ta zamantakewa na iya shafar zaɓin abincin mutane a cikin tsofaffi. Misali, wani bincike ya nuna cewa wanda ke da babban hanyar sadarwa ta zamantakewa da ƙarancin matsayin tattalin arziki yana da yuwuwar samun ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki fiye da wanda ke da ƙaramin hanyar sadarwa ta zamantakewa da kuma babban matsayin tattalin arziki. [21] Taimakon lafiya da zamantakewa na iya zama da amfani wajen gabatar da canji mai kyau ga waɗanda ke cikin haɗari.

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ "Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP) | USDA-FNS" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 24, 2014. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
  2. 1 2 Song HJ, Simon JR, Patel DU (March 21, 2014). "Food preferences of older adults in senior nutrition programs". Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics. 33 (1): 55–67. doi:10.1080/21551197.2013.875502. PMID 24597997. S2CID 39424671. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Song" defined multiple times with different content.
  3. ↑ Brewster PW, Melrose RJ, Marquine MJ, Johnson JK, Napoles A, MacKay-Brandt A, et al. (November 2014). "Life experience and demographic influences on cognitive function in older adults". Neuropsychology. 28 (6): 846–58. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.456.6629. doi:10.1037/neu0000098. PMC 4227962. PMID 24933483.
  4. 1 2 3 Pelchat ML (April 1997). "Food cravings in young and elderly adults". Appetite. 28 (2): 103–13. doi:10.1006/appe.1996.0063. PMID 9158846. S2CID 9126783. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Pelchat" defined multiple times with different content.
  5. ↑ Grzegorczyk PB, Jones SW, Mistretta CM (November 1979). "Age-related differences in salt taste acuity". Journal of Gerontology. 34 (6): 834–40. doi:10.1093/geronj/34.6.834. PMID 512303.
  6. ↑ Savoca MR, Arcury TA, Leng X, Chen H, Bell RA, Anderson AM, et al. (July 2010). "Association between dietary quality of rural older adults and self-reported food avoidance and food modification due to oral health problems". Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 58 (7): 1225–32. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.02909.x. PMC 3098620. PMID 20533966.
  7. ↑ Jung SE, Lawrence J, Hermann J, McMahon A (2020). "Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior to Predict Nutrition Students' Intention to Work with Older Adults". Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics. 39 (1): 44–55. doi:10.1080/21551197.2019.1664967. PMID 31517572. S2CID 202569535.
  8. 1 2 3 Nicklett EJ, Kadell AR (August 2013). "Fruit and vegetable intake among older adults: a scoping review". Maturitas. 75 (4): 305–12. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.05.005. PMC 3713183. PMID 23769545. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "maturitas review" defined multiple times with different content.
  9. ↑ Russell RM, Rasmussen H, Lichtenstein AH (March 1999). "Modified Food Guide Pyramid for people over seventy years of age". The Journal of Nutrition. 129 (3): 751–3. doi:10.1093/jn/129.3.751. PMID 10082784.
  10. ↑ Ooi CP, Loke SC, Yassin Z, Hamid TA (April 2011). "Carbohydrates for improving the cognitive performance of independent-living older adults with normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2011 (4). doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007220.pub2. PMC 7388979. PMID 21491398.
  11. ↑ Field K, Duizer LM (2016-08-01). "Food Sensory Properties and the Older Adult". Journal of Texture Studies (in Turanci). 47 (4): 266–276. doi:10.1111/jtxs.12197. ISSN 1745-4603.
  12. 1 2 "How Dementia Tampers With Taste Buds". EverydayHealth.com. Retrieved November 4, 2014.
  13. ↑ Quandt SA, McDonald J, Arcury TA, Bell RA, Vitolins MZ (February 2000). "Nutritional self-management of elderly widows in rural communities". The Gerontologist. 40 (1): 86–96. doi:10.1093/geront/40.1.86. PMID 10750316.
  14. ↑ Vafaei Z, Mokhtari H, Sadooghi Z, Meamar R, Chitsaz A, Moeini M (March 2013). "Malnutrition is associated with depression in rural elderly population". Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 18 (Suppl 1): S15-9. PMC 3743311. PMID 23961277.
  15. ↑ Marshall TA, Stumbo PJ, Warren JJ, Xie XJ (August 2001). "Inadequate nutrient intakes are common and are associated with low diet variety in rural, community-dwelling elderly". The Journal of Nutrition. 131 (8): 2192–6. doi:10.1093/jn/131.8.2192. PMID 11481416.
  16. ↑ Kim MJ, Lee CK, Kim WG, Kim JM (2013). "Relationships Between Lifestyle Of Health And Sustainability And Healthy Food Choices For Seniors". International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 25 (4): 558–576. doi:10.1108/09596111311322925.
  17. ↑ "Summary Health Statistics: National Health Interview Survey 2014" (PDF). Center for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Health Statistics. 2014. Retrieved Nov 11, 2016.
  18. 1 2 Bitto EA, Morton LW, Oakland MJ, Sand M (2003). "Grocery Store Access Patterns in Rural Food Deserts". Journal for the Study of Food and Society. 6 (2): 35–48. doi:10.2752/152897903786769616. S2CID 144158597. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Grocery Store Access Patterns in Ru" defined multiple times with different content.
  19. ↑ "Congregate Meals". mhcc.maryland.gov/. Maryland Health Care Commission. Retrieved November 6, 2014.
  20. ↑ Fitzpatrick K, Greenhalgh-Stanley N, Ver Ploeg M (2016). "The Impact of Food Deserts on Food Insufficiency and SNAP Participation among the Elderly". American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 98: 19–40. doi:10.1093/ajae/aav044.
  21. ↑ Kim CO (January 2016). "Food choice patterns among frail older adults: The associations between social network, food choice values, and diet quality". Appetite. 96: 116–121. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.09.015. PMID 26385288. S2CID 29192742.
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