Zargi

Zargi
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	assertion (en) , aiki da blame (en)

zargi wata sanarwa ce ta mutum daya da ke tabbatar da cewa wani mutum ko ƙungiya ya yi wani abu mara kyau. Mutumin da ke gabatar da zargi shine mai tuhuma, yayin da batun da aka yi masa shi ne wanda ake tuhuma. Ko an fassara wata sanarwa a matsayin zargi na iya dogaro da Yanayin zamantakewa inda aka yi ta:

What counts as an accusation is often unclear, and what kind of response is warranted is even less clear. Even a purely surface semantic analysis of accusatory language cannot be performed in the absence of social context, including who is making the accusation and to whom it is being made—often the subject of supposedly accusatory language might well interpret the utterance in question as something that he need not respond to.

Ana iya zargi a cikin sirri ko a fili, ga wanda ake tuhuma shi kaɗai, ko ga wasu mutane tare da ko ba tare da sanin wanda ake tuhumar ba. Mai tuhuma na iya yin zargi tare da ko ba tare da shaida ba; zargi na iya zama gaba ɗaya hasashe, har ma yana iya zama zargi na ƙarya, wanda aka yi da Mugunta, don manufar cutar da suna wanda ake tuhuma.

Ra'ayoyi da halayen

Ƙarfin da aka fahimta na zargi yana shafar amincin mai tuhuma. Misali, a cikin aikin jarida na bincike:

The claim of wrongdoing relies not on statements attributed to others, as in ordinary news stories, but rather on reportorial fact-finding. An accusation can be made in an authoritative tone because it has originated from research conducted by the journalist, who takes a position by asserting the "true facts" of the story and implicitly urging those in charge to do something about them.

Amsoshin zarge-zarge sun bambanta, kuma suna iya haɗawa da ikirarin, amma kuma sau da yawa ana nuna su a matsayin "yanayin musantawa, ragewa, ko fitarwa".

Zarge-zarge da alakar jama'a

A cikin aikin jarida, bayar da rahoton zargi yawanci ana daidaita shi tare da ƙoƙari na samun amsa ga zargin da ake tuhuma ko ƙungiya:

Investigative stories are balanced only in the sense that they usually allow their targets the courtesy of a response. The "other side" is told, most often through a villain's admission or dodge, because the nature of the accusation— backed with evidence and confirmed well before a decision is made to publish—is such that there is no refuting it.

Saboda haka yawanci akwai damar da batun zargi zai amsa shi. Wani zargi da aka yi wa kamfani sau da yawa ana bi da shi azaman taron hulɗa da jama'a, inda ake zargi kasuwanci da aikata laifi don rinjayar halayensa.

First, the accusation is a small spectacle. It is a small sign that the big, customary social order has broken down, at least for those involved in the market-based relationships.

Second, an accusation is a public portrayal of wrongdoing that deploys iconic claims and keywords in its "event-structuring process." These words define and refine an event in crisp, familiar, easily understood, and unambiguously negative terms. As noted, an accusation is an early warning, a danger-ahead signal of trouble. And it involves a redefining of the situation to find out not only what the wrong is, but also who is wronged and by whom. Inevitably, in this event-defining process the accused becomes an archetypal betrayer.

Third, the accusation is always highly charged. As opposed to the lengthy legal complaint by a federal or state regulator, or the formal brief filed by a complainant in a legal case, the accusation is short and highly condensed. Unlike the formal complaint or criminal charge, the accusation is shorn of legalistic details. The accusation is sharpened through the use of adjectives, provocative headlines, and dramatic story leads. There is never anything neutral about betrayal, about lying, stealing, and cheating in the market.

Fourth, the accusation comes wrapped in a package. It is more than a publicly observable event involving the behavior of market competitors and participants gone wrong. It is an event expressed through catchphrases and keywords.

Zarge-zargen aikata laifuka

Zargin aikata laifuka zargi ne da gwamnati ta yi wa mutum ko kamfani. Baya ga abubuwan da suka dace na zargi, zargi mai laifi ya bayyana cewa laifin da aka yi wa wanda ake tuhuma ya zama keta doka. Ana iya yin zargi na laifi ta hanyar sanarwa da aka yi wa jama'a gaba ɗaya (yawanci ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai) ko ta hanyar gabatar da zargi a kotun shari'a ta hanyar mutumin da ke da ikon yin hakan, gabaɗaya a madadin jihar ta mai gabatar da kara.

• Zargin
• Zargin ƙarya
• Shari'a
• Bayani (ƙaddamar da laifi)