Ziguinchor

Ziguinchor
Wuri
12°35′10″N 16°16′15″W
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Senegal
Yanki na Senegal	Ziguinchor Region (en)
Department of Senegal (en)	Ziguinchor Department (en)
Babban birnin	Ziguinchor Region (en) Ziguinchor Department (en)
Yawan mutane
Faɗi	214,874 (2023)
• Yawan mutane	6,551.04 mazaunan/km²
Labarin ƙasa
Yawan fili	32.8 km²
Wuri a ina ko kusa da wace teku	Kogin Casamance
Altitude (en)	19 m
Tsarin Siyasa
• Gwamna	Abdoulaye Baldé (en)
Bayanan Tuntuɓa
Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci	Greenwich Mean Time (en)

Ziguinchor (  ; Wolof wo ; Arabic ) ita ce babban birnin Yankin Ziguinchor, kuma babban birnin yankin Casamance na Senegal, wanda ke bakin Kogin Casamance . Tana da yawan jama'a 214,874 (ƙidayar jama'a ta 2023). Ita ce birni na takwas mafi girma a Senegal, amma kusan ƙasar Gambia ta raba ta da arewacin ƙasar.

Ba kamar yankin arewa mai bushewa da kuma busasshiyar ƙasa ba, Ziguinchor yana da yanayi mai zafi na savanna, domin yana ƙarƙashin tasirin ruwan sama na Yammacin Afirka . Yana da matsakaicin ruwan sama da ake samu a kowace shekara na kimanin 1,547 millimetres (61 in)

Asalin Ma'anar

Akwai kalmomi da dama da suka yi karo da juna game da sunan Ziguinchor. Mafi shaharar sunan ya fito ne daga lokacin da 'yan kasuwa da masu bincike na Portugal suka zo yankin don kafa wurin ciniki. An samo shi ne daga kalmar Portuguese, Cheguei e choram, "Na zo suna kuka". Mutanen yankin, ganin Turawa, suka fara kuka, suna tunanin za a bautar da su. Wasu masana sun yi imanin cewa sunan wataƙila ya riga isowar Portugal.

Majiyoyin farko sun ambaci Bainuk na Ezigichor . Kalmar na iya fitowa daga kalmomin harshen Bainuk "asi nin core," ma'ana "wurare da za a je sun ƙare," wanda ke da alaƙa da ƙarshen ƙaura na Bainuk a tarihin gargajiyarsu. Hakanan yana iya fitowa daga "ji gi cor," ma'ana "wurin filayen da yawa."

Tarihi

An buɗe makarantar sakandare ta PAIGC a Ziguinchor, Senegal – 1974

Ziguinchor yana zaune a mafi ƙanƙantar ɓangaren ƙananan kogin Casamance da kuma ƙarshen hanyar jigilar kaya zuwa Buguendo a kan Kogin Cacheu, kuma wataƙila ya kasance muhimmin wurin ciniki tsawon ƙarni da yawa. A tarihi, ɓangare ne na masarautar Bainuk ta Bichangor, kuma ya shirya babban bikin baje kolin kasuwanci na yanki.

Bayan jerin rikice-rikice kan cinikayya da ke adawa da Lancados, Bainuk, da masarautar Kasa, dangantaka tsakanin tsoffin biyu ta inganta yayin da ikon na biyu ya ragu a shekarun 1580 da 90. Bainuk ta ba wa lancados damar zama a Casamance a karon farko, wataƙila a Ziguinchor. A shekarar 1609 akwai wani firist mazaunin, kuma a shekarar 1621 ƙaramin al'ummar 'yan kasuwan Portugal sun gina coci kuma suka mayar da wasu 'yan asalin ƙasar.

Turawan Portugal ne suka kafa matsugunin Turawa na farko a yankin a shekarar 1645 a matsayin tushen Cacheu wanda mazauna Cape Verde, Lancados da sauran 'yan Afirka-Turai suka mamaye.

Manufar Portugal ita ce a sami wurin ciniki da kuma ƙulla alaƙa da mansa na gida ko sarkin masarautar Kasa . Masu rubuce-rubuce sun bayyana shi a matsayin sarkin da ya fi abokantaka da Portugal a gabar tekun Guinea . Sarkin ya fara rayuwa ta hanyar Turai, tare da tebura, kujeru da tufafin yamma. Kotunsa ta haɗa da 'yan kasuwa da dama na Portugal. Ɗaya daga cikin kayayyakin da ake sayarwa shine bayin Afirka, kuma Ziguinchor ya zama tashar jiragen ruwa ta bayi a lokacin mafi yawan mulkin Portugal.

Wurin ya yi alfahari da sansani mai ɗauke da wasu manyan bindigogi a shekarar 1700, amma bai taɓa zama cibiyar tattalin arziki mai muhimmanci ba. Faransa ta mamaye tsibirin Carabane a ƙasa a shekarar 1836, inda ta tilasta wa jiragen ruwan Portugal su biya haraji a wurin. Duk da ƙoƙarin diflomasiyya da gwamna Honório Barreto ya yi, Portugal ba ta taɓa ƙoƙarin kare ikirarinta na yankin ba. Daga ƙarshe an mayar da Ziguinchor zuwa Faransa a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 1888, inda aka cika yarjejeniyar da aka cimma a taron Berlin na shekarar 1886.

A ƙarƙashin mulkin Faransa, Ziguinchor ya zama babbar tashar jiragen ruwa ta kasuwanci, galibi saboda yawan noman gyada da gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta ƙarfafa a cikin gida. Zuwa shekarar 1900, yankin ya koma Kiristanci, kodayake al'ummomin Sincretist da Musulmi sun bunƙasa.

Noman shinkafa, wanda shine amfanin gona na gargajiya na yankin, ya ji rauni sakamakon yunƙurin gwamnati na noman gyada. Sun tilasta wa yankunan dazuzzuka masu faɗi. Gwamnatin Faransa ta kuma shigo da shinkafa daga noma mai ƙarfi da ta ƙarfafa a Indochina ta Faransa, wanda hakan ya rage kasuwar manyan amfanin gona na Casamance.