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Zuba jari kai tsaye na waje da muhalli

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Zuba jari kai tsaye na waje da muhalli

Saka hannun jari kai tsaye na waje da muhalli sun haɗa da kasuwancin ƙasa da ƙasa da mu'amalarsu da tasirinsu akan duniyar halitta. Ana iya lura da waɗannan hulɗar ta hanyar tsattsauran ra'ayi da aka yi amfani da su ga manufofin saka hannun jari kai tsaye na waje da kuma jin daɗin babban jari ko ƙarfafa ƙwazo don shigar da hannun jari. Dokoki da ka'idojin da wata ƙasa ta ƙirƙira da ke mai da hankali kan tsarin muhalli na iya yin tasiri kai tsaye kan matakan gasar da ta shafi saka hannun jari kai tsaye daga ketare da suke fuskanta. Ƙimar kasafin kuɗi da na kuɗi da suka samo asali daga abubuwan da ke motsa muhalli, kamar harajin carbon, hanyoyin da ake amfani da su bisa ga sakamakon da ake so a cikin ƙasa don jawo hankalin masu zuba jari kai tsaye daga ketare.[1]

Hanyoyin ba da tallafi na waje waɗanda ke fitowa daga hannun jarin kai tsaye na ketare suna haɓaka haɓaka sabbin dabaru game da ci gaban fasaha yayin da kuma ke da yuwuwar rage rashin aikin yi. Lokacin da aka haɗa dalilai na kuɗi da kasafin kuɗi tare da sanin muhalli, haɓakar kore da sabbin abubuwa masu dorewa suna ƙaruwa. Irin wannan fahimtar muhalli na iya haifar da raguwar gurɓataccen masana'antu, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga mutuwar jarirai da sauran batutuwan kiwon lafiya. Manufofin da aka ƙirƙira waɗanda ke jawo sabbin ci gaban fasaha da sanin yanayin muhalli an bayyana su a matsayin babbar hanya don ƙarfafa haɓakar jarin jarin kai tsaye na abokantaka na muhalli.

Saka hannun jari kai tsaye na kasashen waje yana da yuwuwar haifar da mummunan tasiri a kan kasashe ma. Saka hannun jari kai tsaye na kasashen waje yana ba da damar yin sulhu da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin manufofin kasashen da ke tattaunawa, wanda ke ba da damar samun sabbin ra'ayoyi kan kirkire-kirkire. Koyaya, ƙarfafa ƙa'idodi game da farashin samarwa, kamar tasirin muhalli, na iya rage sha'awar saka hannun jari kai tsaye zuwa wannan ƙasa. Kasuwanci ko gwamnatoci na iya son yin shawarwari da ƙasar da ba ta da rikitattun tsare-tsare, don haka rage ƙwarin gwiwar wata ƙasa a kasuwannin duniya.

Ka'idojin muhalli da abubuwan karfafa gwiwar saka hannun jari kai tsaye na kasashen waje

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ana iya samun cikakken jerin abubuwan ƙarfafa saka hannun jari kai tsaye na ƙasashen waje waɗanda za a iya amfani da su dangane da kasuwancin ƙasa da ƙasa a cikin saka hannun jari kai tsaye na ƙasashen waje.

Wasu masu bincike sun gano saka hannun jari kai tsaye na ketare yana haifar da tsauraran manufofin muhalli. Sanin muhalli ya kasance batu mai mahimmanci don tattaunawa da damuwa a cikin al'ummar duniya kamar yadda aka gani a cikin yarjejeniyar Paris kwanan nan. Domin ƙasa ta zama mafi kyawu ga masu saka hannun jari na ƙasashen waje, ana iya yin la'akari da aiwatar da abubuwan ƙarfafawa waɗanda ke rage tsada lokaci guda tare da ba da damar ayyukan muhalli. Abubuwan ƙarfafawa su ne manufofi ko matakan ka'idoji waɗanda aka aiwatar don yin aiki duka a matsayin dalili na haɓaka jarin kai tsaye na waje yayin da kuma kula da tasirin tasirin da jarin zai iya samu.[2]

Ƙimar kasafin kuɗi kaɗai, kamar dokokin haraji waɗanda ke nufin rage nauyin haraji na kamfani, ba sa ba da gudummawa sosai ga jawo hannun jari kai tsaye na waje a cikin bincike da haɓakawa. Ƙimar kudi tana ba da gudummawar kuɗi kai tsaye daga gwamnati zuwa kamfani; wannan na iya haɗawa da tallafin babban jari kai tsaye ko lamunin tallafi. Ƙarfafawa waɗanda suka haɗa duka bangarorin kasafin kuɗi da na kuɗi, suna da ƙarfin haɓaka sha'awar zuba jari.

Saka hannun jari kai tsaye da muhalli a kasashe daban-daban

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kanada wani bangare ne na OECD, hadewar kasashe masu sadaukar da kai don yin aiki tare don kara dorewar muhalli.[3] Bincike ya nuna cewa jimillar iskar CO2 na karuwa ga Kanada. Ɗaya daga cikin binciken ya nuna cewa Kanada ba ta shirya don kauce wa matsalolin muhalli da ke tattare da ci gaban tattalin arziki ba saboda ba ta da babban matakin GDP na kowane mutum don kauce wa waɗannan mummunan tasiri a wannan lokaci. Yayin da wani bincike ya nuna cewa Quebec wanda ke kan gaba wajen fitar da wutar lantarki, da iskar gas da suke fitarwa da kashi 35%.[4]

  1. Šimelytė, Agnė; Liučvaitienė, Aušra (2012-01-01). "Foreign Direct Investment Policy–Friendly Business Environment in R&D Sectors: Baltic States versus Visegrad Countries". Journal of East-West Business. 18 (1): 66–93. doi:10.1080/10669868.2012.663737. ISSN 1066-9868. S2CID 154928547.
  2. Rajan, Ramkishen S. (2004-01-01). "Measures to Attract FDI: Investment Promotion, Incentives and Policy Intervention". Economic and Political Weekly. 39 (1): 12–16. JSTOR 4414454.
  3. Canada, Government of Canada, Environment and Climate Change. "Environment and Climate Change Canada - About Environment and Climate Change Canada - Chemicals and Waste management". ec.gc.ca. Archived from the original on 2017-03-30. Retrieved 2017-03-28.
  4. Canada, Government of Canada, Environment and Climate Change. "Environment and Climate Change Canada - About Environment and Climate Change Canada - Canada-Chile". ec.gc.ca. Archived from the original on 2017-03-26. Retrieved 2017-03-29