Ƴancin Addini a Ukraine

Ƴancin Addini a Ukraine
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Bayanai
Ƙasa	Ukraniya

Totarckasar Ukraine

'Yancin addini a Ukraine na nufin irin yadda mutane a Ukraine suke da 'yancin gudanar da ayyukansu na addini, ta yin la'akari da manufofin gwamnati da halayen al'umma game da kungiyoyin addini. Sakamakon shiga tsakani da sojojin Rasha ke ci gaba da yi a kasar Ukraine, wasu yankuna da suke de jure da kuma kasashen duniya suka amince da su a matsayin sassan Ukraine, ko dai Rasha ne (a cikin yankin Crimea ) ko kuma ta kungiyoyin 'yan aware (a yankunan Luhansk Oblast da Donetsk Oblast ). .

Dokokin Ukraine sun ba da tabbacin 'yancin yin addini, kuma sun ba da tsarin doka don rajistar kungiyoyin addini. Wasu kungiyoyin addinai sun ba da rahoton cewa ana fuskantar matsaloli wajen mallakar dukiya ta bisa doka (ciki har da kadarorin da gwamnatin Tarayyar Soviet ta kwace a baya) saboda nuna wariya da hukumomin ƙananan hukumomi ke yi.

Kafin juyin juya halin Rasha, an aiwatar da dokokin kyamar Yahudawa a sassan Ukraine da ke karkashin ikon daular Rasha, kuma tashin hankalin ’yan zanga-zangar adawa da kuma Yahudawa ya kasance abin da ya faru akai-akai. Gwamnatocin juyin juya hali da suka biyo baya sun soke majalisar dokoki masu kyamar Yahudawa, amma kuma sun gudanar da yakin adawa da addini, musamman a shekarun 1920 da 1930. A cikin 1940s, manufofin addini a Ukraine sun canza, suna mai da hankali kan murkushe dabi'un addini da ke da alaƙa da kishin ƙasa na Ukrainian yayin da suke goyon bayan Cocin Orthodox na Rasha, kodayake har yanzu jihar tana inganta rashin yarda da Allah. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, ƙungiyoyin Nazi da na Ukraine masu kishin ƙasa sun yi wa Yahudawa kisan kiyashi, yayin da gwamnatin Soviet ta kori musulmin Tatar na Crimea zuwa ƙasar Uzbekistan. An dakatar da zaluncin addini a Tarayyar Soviet a cikin shekarun 1980, wanda ya haifar da farfaɗo da addini a Ukraine.

'Yantar da manufofin addini da rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet ma ya haifar da karuwar tashe-tashen hankula tsakanin mabiya darikar Kirista a Ukraine, yayin da koke-koke (da kuma korafe-korafen da suka samo asali daga fifikon Soviet ga Cocin Orthodox na Rasha) ya sake zama mai dacewa. Tun daga shekarar 2019, rikice-rikicen da ke gudana tsakanin Cocin Orthodox na Ukrainian - Kiev Patriarchate da Cocin Orthodox na Ukrainian Moscow Patriarchate sun rikide zuwa takaddama tsakanin UOC-MP da sabuwar Cocin Orthodox na Ukraine . An bai wa al'ummomi damar ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin UOC-MP ko kuma su sake kasancewa tare da OCU, kuma duka UOC-MP da OCU sun zargi juna da rashin da'a a cikin tsarin sake haɗewa. Ƙungiyoyin 'yan kishin ƙasa na Ukraine masu ra'ayin mazan jiya irin su Freedom sun kai hari kan mambobin fadar shugaban kasa ta Moscow da kuma cin zarafinsu.

Barnata gine-gine da abubuwan tarihi na addini ya zama ruwan dare gama gari, inda aka shafe ɗarikoki daban-daban. Gine-ginen Yahudawa da na Roman Katolika na daga cikin waɗanda aka fi kaiwa hari.

A yankunan da gwamnatin Ukraine ba ta da iko, Shaidun Jehobah sun fuskanci tsanantawa daga hukumomin Rasha da na ‘yan aware. Kafofin watsa labarai na Rasha sun kuma yi tir da Shaidun Jehobah da kuma Kiev Patriarchate a matsayin "mai goyon bayan fascist".

Alƙaluma

Dangane da binciken ƙasa na Oktoba na shekara ta 2019 wanda Cibiyar Razumkov ta gudanar, cibiyar tunani mai zaman kanta ta jama'a, kashi 64.9 na masu amsa sun bayyana kansu a matsayin Kiristanci na Orthodox, 9.5 bisa dari Katolika Katolika, 1.8 bisa dari Furotesta, 1.6% Roman Katolika, 0.1 bisa ɗari Bayahude, da kuma 0.1 bisa dari Musulmi . Wani kashi 8 cikin 100 kuma sun bayyana kansu a matsayin " Kirista kawai" kuma kashi 12.8 sun ce ba sa cikin wata ƙungiyar addini. Kananan kaso na mabiya addinin Buddha, mabiya addinin Hindu.

Kara rugujewar ƙungiyoyin addini

Haka Razumkov Center binciken karya saukar da 64.9 kashi gano a matsayin Kirista Orthodox kamar yadda 13.2 bisa dari na zuwa sabuwar-kafa Orthodox Church of Ukraine, 7.7 kashi Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kiev Patriarchate (UOC-KP); Kashi 10.6 cikin ɗari na Cocin Orthodox na Ukrainian (Moscow Patriarchate) (UOC-MP), kashi 30.3 cikin dari “mai bi ne kawai; kuma kashi 3.1 ba su yanke shawara ba. A cewar Ma'aikatar Al'adu, UOC-KP yana da ikilisiyoyin a duk yankunan kasar; mafi yawan adadin mabiyan UOC-KP suna zaune a yankunan yamma da tsakiyar kasar. UOC-MP tana da ikilisiyoyi a duk faɗin ƙasar. Yawancin ikilisiyoyin UAOC suna yammacin ƙasar.

Mabiyan Cocin Katolika na Girka na Yukren, babbar cocin da ba ta Orthodox ba tare da kiyasin membobi miliyan hudu, suna zama da farko a yankunan yammacin Lviv, Lutsk, Ivano-Frankivsk, da Ternopil . Cocin Roman Katolika na da mambobi kusan miliyan daya. Yawancin ikilisiyoyinta suna cikin Lviv, Khmelnytsky, Zhytomyr, Vinnytsya, da Zakarpatty Oblast.

Ƙungiyar Baptist ta Evangelical na Ukraine ita ce babbar al'ummar Furotesta. Wasu ƙungiyoyin Kirista sun haɗa da Pentecostals, Masu Adventist na kwana bakwai, Lutherans, Anglicans, Calvinists, Methodist, Presbyterians, Shaidun Jehovah, da Cocin Yesu Kristi na Waliyyan Ƙarshe .

Hukumomin gwamnati da kungiyoyin masu zaman kansu sun kiyasta yawan al'ummar musulmi ya kai 500,000. Wasu shugabannin musulmi sun ce adadin ya kai miliyan biyu. Bisa kididdigar da gwamnati ta yi, yawancin 'yan Tatar na Crimea ne, waɗanda adadinsu ya kai 300,000.

Bisa kididdigar da gwamnati ta yi daga shekara ta 2001, Yahudawa 103,600 ne ke zaune a kasar, wanda ya kunshi kusan kashi 0.2 na al'ummar ƙasar. Ƙungiyar Yahudawa (VAAD) ta ce akwai kimanin mutane 300,000 na zuriyar Yahudawa a cikin ƙasar.

Yankunan da shigar sojojin Rasha suka shafa

A cewar VAAD, kafin shiga tsakani na sojojin Rasha a gabashin Ukraine, kimanin Yahudawa 30,000 ne ke zaune a yankin Donbass . Ƙungiyoyin Yahudawa sun yi kiyasin cewa mazauna yankin yahudawa kimanin mutane 10,000 zuwa mutane 15,000 ne suka zauna a Crimea kafin hadewar kasar Rasha. Akwai kuma mabiya addinin Buddah, masu aikin Falun Gong, mabiya addinin Bahá'í da kuma masu bin ƙungiyar International Society for Consciousness Krishna .

Fage

Cocin Kievan

Kiristanci, kuma musamman Kiristanci na Byzantine, an karɓi matsayin addinin jihar Kievan Rus a cikin shekara ta 988. Bayan Gabas-Yamma Schism, cocin Kievan ya kasance a cikin yankin Orthodox. A cikin wannan lokacin, Yahudawa da Musulmai ma sun kasance a cikin Kievan Rus', ko da yake ana ganin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi sun bambanta da 'yan kabilar Ukrainian ko Rusyn. Yayin da Kievan Rus ya wargaje a ƙarni na 12 da 13, yankunan da suka yi daidai da Ukraine na zamani sun kasance ƙarƙashin ginshiƙan addini na siyasa daban-daban: Rasha a gabas, Lithuania a arewa, da Poland a yamma. Ikilisiyar Kievan ta koma wurin zama zuwa Moscow, kuma za ta rabu da Ikilisiyar Byzantine a shekara ta 1448, daga ƙarshe ta kammala 'yancin kanta daga Constantinople a matsayin Cocin Orthodox na Rasha a shekara ta 1598. Duk da haka, tsoffin majami'un Kievan a Grand Duchy na Lithuania sun riƙe amincinsu ga Constantinople, kuma sun yi sabani da iƙirarin Ikilisiyar Rasha cewa ita ce zuriyar cocin Kievan na gaske. A cikin 1596, tsoffin majami'un Kievan a Lithuania sun sake haɗuwa da Cocin Katolika a matsayin cocin Katolika na Gabas (wanda aka fi sani da Uniate).

Khmelnytsky tashin hankali da kuma Rasha Empire

Rikicin Khmelnytsky a ƙarni na 17 akan Commonwealth-Lithuania Commonwealth karkashin jagorancin Cossacks na Ukrainian wani bangare ne na martani ga yunƙurin tursasawa 'yan Ukrain na Orthodox su koma Katolika. Rikicin ya ga yawan tashin hankali da ke da nasaba da addini, inda sojojin 'yan tawaye suka kai wa Yahudawa da Katolika hari. A sakamakon yakin, daular Rasha ta ƙare da mamaye mafi yawan yankuna na Ukrainian. Bayan haka, an ɗaukaka addinin Orthodox na Rasha, kuma an tauye ’yancin addini. A cikin ƙarni na 19 zuwa farkon ƙarni na 20, Yahudawa a Ukraine, da kuma wasu wurare a cikin Daular Rasha, an yi musu hari da pogroms.

Addini a farkon Ukrainian kishin ƙasa motsi

A cikin ƙarni na 18 da kuma ƙarni na 19, 'yan kishin ƙasa na Yukren da ke tayar da kayar baya ga kasar Ukrainian mai cin gashin kanta, suna kallon rarrabuwar kawuna a matsayin cikas ga hadin kan kasarsu, kuma da sane suka kau da martabar addininsu don nuna goyon bayan zaman lafiya a matsayin tushen asalin Ukrainian.

zamanin Soviet

Tarayyar Soviet ta farko

A lokacin juyin juya halin Rasha da kuma yakin basasa na Rasha, an ci gaba da aikata pogroms a cikin Ukraine ta ƙungiyoyi daban-daban da ke da hannu. Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Ukrainian da gwamnatin wucin gadi ta Rasha sun soke dokokin kyamar Yahudawa, kuma a cikin yanayin tsohon Yiddish an karbe shi a matsayin yaren kasa kuma Yahudawa suna wakilci a mukaman gwamnati.

Bayan kawo karshen yakin basasar Rasha, Ukraine ta zama jamhuriyar Tarayyar Soviet. 'Yancin addini na dangi ya ci gaba a farkon shekarun 1920, kodayake gwamnati ta kafa yakin adawa da addini gaba daya. An aiwatar da matsananciyar danniya a ƙarshen 20s da 1930s. An tsananta wa ’yan Katolika na Gabas musamman don tsananin tsanantawa, saboda gwamnatin Soviet ta damu cewa dangantakarsu da Cocin Katolika na iya ƙarfafa goyon bayan ƙin Soviet daga wajen ƙasar. Hukumomin Tarayyar Soviet sun amince da Kiristocin bishara da ’yan Baptist, domin gwamnati ba ta ɗauke su a matsayin barazana ta siyasa. Pentecostals, Seventh Day Adventists, Shaidun Jehovah, da wasu ƙananan ƙungiyoyin Furotesta waɗanda ke adawa da jihar an hana su sarai. Kiristocin Roman Katolika, Yahudawa da Musulmai sun fuskanci zalunci.

Ukrainian majami'u a farkon Tarayyar Soviet

A cikin mafi yawan shekarun 1920, Cocin Orthodox na Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox ya sami wasu tallafi daga gwamnatin Soviet, saboda ana ganin wannan cocin a matsayin madadin ci gaba ga Cocin Orthodox na Rasha. Yayin da Ikilisiya ta kasance da alaƙa da kishin ƙasa na Ukrainian, duk da haka, gwamnatin Soviet ta koma matsayinta, kuma an kama jagorancinta gaba ɗaya tsakanin 1929 zuwa farkon 1930s, duk sai dai ta kawar da coci.

Yahudanci a farkon Soviet Ukraine

A cikin 1920s, Yevsektsiya, bangaren Yahudawa na Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ne ya jagoranci kamfen na adawa da addini da ke nufin Yahudanci a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. Wadannan kamfen din sun nemi haifar da wata kabila ta addini ga yahudawan kabilanci a cikin al'ummar Soviet, sabanin addini da na sahyoniyawan da gwamnati ke yi musu ba'a a matsayin martani. A wani bangare na wannan shirin, an kafa hukumomin KOMZET da kuma OZET daga baya don sake tsugunar da Yahudawa a rukunin aikin gona. OZET musamman ta yi yunƙurin sake tsugunar da Yahudawa a yankin Crimea.

A cikin 1930, Yevsektsiya ya rushe, babu wata ƙungiyar Yahudawa ta tsakiya a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, na duniya ko na addini.

Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu da kuma bayansa

A lokacin mamaya na ‘yan Nazi, sojojin Nazi da kuma kungiyoyin ‘yan kishin kasa na Ukraine sun kashe dubban daruruwan Yahudawa.

An sake kafa Cocin Yukren a ƙarƙashin mulkin Nazi; Limamanta sun tsere daga kasar sakamakon fatattakar sojojin Jamus da Cocin ya sake bace a cikin kasar Ukraine. A shekara ta 1944, bayan da aka kama Lviv, cibiyar Katolika ta Gabas ta Ukrainian, Stalin ya ba da umarnin kama limaman cocin da ba su koma Orthodoxy na Rasha ba kuma ya tura majami'u dubu da yawa na Katolika na Gabas zuwa Cocin Orthodox na Rasha.

A shekarar 1944 ne aka kori Musulman Crimea zuwa kasar waje a lokacin da Joseph Stalin ya zarge su da hada baki da Jamus na Nazi . Fiye da 200,000 Crimean Tatars an kora zuwa tsakiyar Asiya, musamman Uzbek SSR . An yi kiyasin cewa sama da mutane 100,000 da aka kora sun mutu saboda yunwa ko kuma cututtuka saboda korar da aka yi. Kayayyakin da yankin da 'yan Tatar na Crimea suka yi watsi da su 'yan kabilar Rasha ne wadanda hukumomin Soviet suka sake tsugunar da su, wanda ya haifar da sauye-sauyen al'umma a Crimea.

Hukumomin Tarayyar Soviet sun shirya taron cocin Orthodox a Lviv a shekara ta 1946, inda aka sanar da cewa cocin Katolika na Gabashin Yukren ya narke cikin Cocin Orthodox na Rasha. Babu wani limamin Katolika na Gabas da ya isa ya halarci wannan taro kamar yadda aka riga aka kama su, kuma limaman Katolika da na Gabas sun yi Allah wadai da taron a matsayin abin kunya da limaman Katolika da na Gabas suka yi a wajen Tarayyar Soviet. A cewar majiyoyin Katolika na Gabashin, dubban ’yan Katolika na Gabas sun mutu sakamakon tsanantawa, kuma wasu dubbai da dama sun yi zaman kurkuku a sansanonin kwadago.

Bayan da aka soke majami'u na kasa na Ukraine, Orthodoxy na Rasha ya sake farfadowa a Ukraine, tare da ƙarin majami'un Orthodox na Rasha da ke cikin Ukraine fiye da na Rasha kanta. Wasu mabiya majami'u na ƙasa sun kiyaye imaninsu a asirce yayin da suke halartar hidimar Roman Katolika ko na Rasha, yayin da wasu ke yin imaninsu a ɓoye.

Ukraine mai zaman kanta

A cikin shekara ta 1992, cocin Katolika na Gabas ta Ukrainian ya sami karɓuwa a hukumance daga gwamnatin Ukraine. Duk da haka, ta sami iyakataccen tallafi daga fadar Vatican, wanda ya iyakance ikonta ga Yammacin Ukraine da 'yan kabilar Ukrain.

Yahudawa sun fuskanci sabunta kyamar Yahudawa a cikin 1990s, kodayake wannan ya ragu a ƙarshen shekaru goma.

Shigar da sojojin Rasha a Ukraine a cikin shekarun 2010 ya ba da gudummawa ga ƙaruwar kishin addini a Ukraine da raguwar juriyar addini.

A ranar 6 ga Janairu, 2019, Patriarch Bartholomew na I na Constantinople ya ba da autocephaly ga Cocin Orthodox na Ukraine, da saninsa a matsayin keɓe da Cocin Orthodox na Rasha. Masu sa ido na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya sun ba da rahoton cewa tsarin sauya ikilisiyoyin daga UOC-MP zuwa OCU a wasu lokuta yakan haifar da tashin hankali, amma gabaɗaya hakan ya haifar da "hanzari na rage tashin hankali tsakanin al'ummomin addini." Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta kuma nuna damuwarta kan yadda ƙungiyoyin da ba na addini ba suka shiga cikin wannan tsari, ciki har da ƙananan hukumomi da kungiyoyin da aka bayyana a matsayin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Kafofin yada labaran Rasha sun yaɗa zarge-zargen kungiyoyin dama na matsawa ikilisiyoyin yin watsi da UOC-MP ga OCU. UOC-MP da OCU sun ci gaba da husuma game da hanyoyin mika mulki ta hanyar da al'ummomi ke yanke shawarar ko za su sake hadewa da OCU, tare da duka majami'u suna zargin rashin da'a daga ɗayan.

Tsarin doka

Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar ya tanadi ‘yancin yin addini da ibada. A bisa doka gwamnati na iya tauye wannan hakki ne kawai a cikin "muradi na kare zaman lafiyar jama'a, lafiya da kyawawan dabi'un jama'a, ko kare hakki da 'yancin wasu mutane." Kundin tsarin mulki ya tanadi raba coci da jiha. An bayyana Ukraine a matsayin mai "madaidaicin ma'auni" idan aka zo batun kariyar doka ta 'yancin addini.

Bisa doka manufar manufar addini ita ce a maido da cikakkiyar tattaunawa tsakanin wakilan kungiyoyin al’umma, kabilanci, al’adu, da na addinai daban-daban don a samar da al’umma mai hakuri da kuma ba da ’yancin sanin lamiri da bauta.”

Hukumomin gwamnati da aka ba su izinin sa ido kan ƙungiyoyin addini sun haɗa da Babban Mai Shari’a, Ma’aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida, da sauran “tsakanin hukumomin gwamnati .”

Rijistar ƙungiyar addini

Doka ta bukaci wata cibiyar addini da ke neman samun matsayi a hukumance a matsayin hukuma da ta yi rajista duka a matsayin ƙungiyar addini da kuma a matsayin ƙungiya mai zaman kanta. Don samun matsayin addini a hukumance dole ne ƙungiya ta yi rajista ko dai tare da Ma'aikatar Al'adu, hukumar gwamnati da ke da alhakin al'amuran addini, ko tare da hukumomin gwamnatin yanki, dangane da yanayin ƙungiyar. Cibiyoyin addini, gudanarwa, gidajen ibada, ’yan’uwantaka na addini, mishan, da makarantun addini sun yi rajista da Ma’aikatar Al’adu. Ƙungiyoyin addinai da ikilisiyoyi suna yin rajista tare da hukumomin yankin da suke aiki, ko dai tare da gwamnatin birni a Kiev ko kuma gwamnatin yankin da ke wajen Kiev. Duk da yake waɗannan ƙungiyoyin addinai da ikilisiyoyi za su iya zama ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyin addini na ƙasa baki ɗaya, ƙungiyar a duk faɗin ƙasar ba ta yin rajista bisa tushen ƙasa kuma ba za ta iya samun amincewa a matsayin hukuma ba; maimakon haka, ƙungiyoyin mazaɓar sun yi rajista kuma su sami matsayin mahaɗan doka.

Ba tare da matsayin halayya ta doka ba, ƙungiyar addini ba za ta mallaki dukiya ba, gudanar da ayyukan banki, ko buga kayayyaki. Dangane da dokar da ta haramta yi wa kasa rajista, rukunin ƙungiyoyin addini na ƙasa da ƙasa ne kawai za su iya mallakar dukiya ko gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci, ko dai na kansu ko kuma a madadin kungiyar ta kasa baki daya. Dokar ta ba da keɓancewar haraji ga ƙungiyoyin addini kuma ta ɗauke su ƙungiyoyin sa-kai.

Ƙungiyoyin addini masu rijista ne kawai za su iya neman maido da dukiyoyin jama'a da gwamnatin Tarayyar Soviet ta kwace a baya . Dole ne ƙungiyoyin addini su nemi hukumomin yanki don neman a mayar musu da dukiya. Dokar ta ce yin la'akari da da'awar mai da ya kamata a kammala a cikin wata guda. Dukkanin manyan kungiyoyin addini sun roki gwamnati da ta samar da tsari na gaskiya don magance batun kwato kadarori, kuma sun koka da yadda tsarin ke daukar lokaci fiye da watan da doka ta tanada.

Bukatun cancanta

Don samun cancantar yin rajista, ƙungiyar addini dole ne ta kasance tana da aƙalla membobin manya guda 10 kuma dole ne ta gabatar da dokokinta ga hukumomin rajista. Don samun matsayi a matsayin ƙungiya mai zaman kanta, dole ne ƙungiyar addini ta yi rajista tare da Ma'aikatar Shari'a, wanda ke da alhakin kiyaye rajistar gwamnati na ƙungiyoyin doka. Wannan rijistar ta lissafta duk ƙungiyoyi masu wannan matsayi, gami da na addini. Doka ba ta fayyace wanne daga cikin hanyoyin rajistar biyu dole ne a fara aiwatar da su ba.

Ƙungiyoyin addini da sojoji da gidajen yari

Dokar ta bukaci kwamandojin rundunonin soji da su kyale wadanda ke karkashinsu su shiga hidimar addini amma ta haramta kafa kungiyoyin addini a cibiyoyin soji da na sojoji. Ma'aikatar tsaro ta bayyana sharuɗɗan zaɓen limaman da za su zama limamin coci, da matsayin limamai a cikin jerin umarni, da haƙƙoƙinsu da ayyukansu a cikin rundunar soji, Tsaron ƙasa, da Tsaron kan iyakoki na Jiha . Dokar ta hana limaman UOC-MP yin hidima a matsayin limamin sansanonin soji ko a yankunan rikici, wanda ya jawo rashin amincewa daga UOC-MP.

Doka ta ƙyale wani aikin da ba na soja ba ga waɗanda suka ƙi aikin soja. Dokar ba ta keɓance limaman coci daga aikin soja ba.

Sauran dokoki da hane-hane

Kamar yadda kundin tsarin mulkin ƙasar ya tanada, dole ne masu shirya taron su sanar da ƙananan hukumomin tun da farko duk wani nau'in taron jama'a da aka shirya, kuma hukumomi na iya kalubalantar halaccin taron da aka shirya. Dangane da hukuncin Kotun Tsarin Mulki na shekara ta 2016, ƙungiyoyin addini suna buƙatar kawai su sanar da hukumomin yankin niyyarsu ta gudanar da taron jama’a, kuma ba sa buƙatar neman izini ko sanar da hukuma cikin takamaiman lokaci kafin taron.

Ilimi

An haramta koyar da addini a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin koyarwa na makarantun gwamnati da kuma horar da makarantun gwamnati “ba za a kuɓuta daga tsoma baki daga jam’iyyun siyasa, ƙungiyoyin jama’a da na addini ba.” Makarantun jama'a sun haɗa da ɗa'a na bangaskiya ko kwasa-kwasan da suka danganci bangaskiya a matsayin ɓangaren zaɓi na tsarin karatun.

Ayyukan gwamnati

Gwamnati ta haramtawa limaman cocin da ke da alaƙa da UOC-MP yin hidima a matsayin limamai a cikin National Guard, tana mai da su a matsayin limamai daga ƙungiyoyin addini waɗanda cibiyoyinsu "suna cikin jihar mai cin zali."

Halayen al'umma

Tun daga shekara ta 2013, an sami lokuta da dama na cin zarafi ta jiki ga Yahudawa a Ukraine, wasu daga cikinsu sun yi kisa. A wani lamari da ya faru a shekara ta 2017, wasu mutane uku sun jefa gurneti a kan gungun Yahudawa da suke gudanar da aikin hajji a Uman . Bom din bai tashi ba, amma ya yi sanadin jikkata wani yaro da ya same shi. Kimanin Yahudawa guda 30,000 ke tafiya zuwa Uman kowace shekara don Sabuwar Shekarar Yahudawa . A cewar mai magana da yawun gwamnati, mutane ukun suma sun jefi Molotov hadaddiyar giyar a wata majami'a a Lviv (wanda ya haifar da ƙananan barna), tare da yin wani yunkuri na lalata gine-ginen Yahudawa. Gwamnati ta yi iƙirarin cewa waɗannan mutane sun kasance da himma da farko don "ɓata sunan Ukraine". A cikin shekara ta 2019, Ƙungiyar Kula da Haƙƙin tsirarun 'yan tsiraru ta ƙasa mai zaman kanta ta ba da rahoton cewa ba a sami wani laifi na cin zarafi ga Yahudawa ba da kuma shari'o'i 14 na ɓarna na Yahudawa. Hukumar ta NMRMG ta yi la'akari da wannan ci gaban ga ingantuwar martanin 'yan sanda kan abubuwan da suka faru na kyamar Yahudawa. Wasu shugabannin al'ummar yahudawa sun ci gaba da nuna rashin amincewarsu da yadda ake ganin ba za a hukunta su ba kan lamuran nuna kyamar Yahudawa. Shugabannin al'ummar yahudawa sun soki gazawar gwamnati game da kare martabar tarihi mai ma'ana ga al'ummar Yahudawa.

Mambobin UOC-MP sun tarwatsa bukukuwan addini da kungiyoyin Furotesta ke gudanarwa a wuraren taruwar jama'a, suna zarginsu da "lalata" yankin.

A cikin 2017, an sami rahotanni da yawa na ɓarna a kan abubuwan tarihi na addini na jama'a da gine-gine na ƙungiyoyi daban-daban, amma musamman na Yahudawa da na Roman Katolika.

Yankunan da gwamnatin Ukraine ba ta iko da su

A yankin Crimea da Rasha ta mamaye kasar, gwamnatin kasar Rasha ta tsare tare da daure wasu 'yan Tatar na Crimea bisa zargin alaka da kungiyar Hizb ut-Tahrir ta Islama. Kafofin yada labaran Rasha na yawan yin tofin Allah tsine ga UOC-KP da kuma Shaidun Jehovah, inda suke bayyana su a matsayin masu goyon bayan farkisanci a matsayin wani babban fage na fakewa da nuna cewa dakarun farkisanci ne da ke goyon bayan Ukraine a rikicin da ke gudana tsakanin Rasha da Ukraine.

Dakarun da ke samun goyon bayan Rasha a Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Luhansk da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Donetsk da ba a amince da ita ba sun tsare tare da daure wasu Shaidun Jehobah a kurkuku, tare da kwace wasu gine-gine na kungiyar. Wakilan Luhansk da Donetsk sun sha kiran Shaidun Jehobah a matsayin "masu tsattsauran ra'ayi" da "magoya bayan kungiyoyin Neo-Nazi ". .

A cewar majiyoyin yada labarai na Ukraine, a shekara ta 2019 ne mahukuntan jamhuriyar jama'ar Donetsk suka kai samame a wani masallaci a Donetsk tare da kwace kayayyakin addini bisa zargin tsatsauran ra'ayi, wanda kafofin yada labaran Ukraine da al'ummar musulmin Ukraine suka bayyana a matsayin karya. Jami'an tsaron Ukraine sun kuma zargi Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Donetsk da biyan masu tayar da kayar baya don lalata kadarorin UOC-MP da swastikas.

Rijistar kungiyar addini

Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Donetsk tana kula da rajistar kungiyoyin addini a cikin yankin da take iko da shi, bisa tsarin da ke da 'yancin kai daga, amma kama da shi, wanda gwamnatin Ukraine ke amfani da shi don rajistar kungiyoyin addini. Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Luhansk ta kafa "majalisar kwararru" don tantancewa da kuma amincewa da kungiyoyin addini.

Littafi Mai Tsarki

• Little, David (1991). Ukraine: Gadon Rashin Haƙuri . Cibiyar Yada Labarai ta Aminci ta Amurka. ISBN 978-1-878379-12-2 .

Ci gaba da karatu

* Victor Yelensky (2008) 'YANCIN ADDINI : HUKUNCIN UKRAINE, Binciken Bangaskiya & Al'amuran Duniya, 6: 2, 67-71, DOI: 10.1080/15570274.2008.9523341