Hakkin Dan Adam a Kasar Djibouti

Hakkin Dan Adam a Kasar Djibouti
human rights by country or territory (en)
Bayanai
Ƙasa	Jibuti
Wuri
11°48′00″N 42°26′00″E

Batun 'yancin ɗan adam a Djibouti, ƙaramar ƙasa da ke cikin yankin kahon Afirka, wani lamari ne da ke damun ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da dama.

Rahoton Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka game da Ayyukan Haƙƙin Dan Adam na 2019 ya nuna cewa muhimman batutuwan da suka shafi 'yancin ɗan adam na Djibouti sun haɗa da: kisan gilla da jami'an gwamnati suka yi ba bisa ka'ida ba; tsarewar jami'an gwamnati ba bisa ka'ida ba; yanayin gidan yari mai tsanani da barazanar rai; tsangwama na sabani ko ba bisa ka'ida ba tare da keɓantawa; kame ko gurfanar da 'yan jarida ba tare da hakki ba; Laifin laifi; babban tsangwama ga haƙƙin taron lumana da ƴancin ƙungiyoyi; manyan ayyuka na cin hanci da rashawa; da cin zarafin mata da 'yan mata tare da rashin isassun matakan gwamnati don gurfanar da su a gaban kuliya da hukunta su, gami da yi wa mata kaciya. Ta kuma bayyana cewa rashin hukunta shi matsala ce, inda ba kasafai gwamnati ke daukar matakan ganowa tare da hukunta jami’an da suka aikata munanan laifuka, walau a jami’an tsaro ko kuma a wasu wurare a cikin gwamnati.

Tarihi (1977-2006) da yanayin siyasa

A shekarar 1977 ne Djibouti ta samu 'yancin kai daga Faransa, bayan da kashi 98.8% na al'ummar kasar suka kada kuri'ar raba gardama a zaben raba gardama . Hassan Gouled Aptidon ya zama shugaban kasa kuma an ayyana jam'iyyarsa ta siyasa, the People's Rally for Progress, a matsayin jam'iyyar doka tilo a shekarar 1981. Ta kasance tana da iko tun daga lokacin, karkashin Aptidon har zuwa shekarar 1999, da Isma'il Omar Guelleh daga baya.

Mai zuwa shine ginshiƙi na ƙimar Djibouti tun shekarar 1977 a cikin rahoton 'Yanci a Duniya, wanda Freedom House ke bugawa kowace shekara. Ƙimar 1 "kyauta" ne; 7, "ba kyauta ba". 1

Historical ratings

Year Political Rights Civil Liberties Status PresidentSamfuri:Ref 1977 3 4 Partly Free Hassan Gouled Aptidon 1978 3 4 Partly Free Hassan Gouled Aptidon 1979 3 4 Partly Free Hassan Gouled Aptidon 1980 3 4 Partly Free Hassan Gouled Aptidon 1981 5 6 Not Free Hassan Gouled Aptidon 1982Samfuri:Ref 5 6 Not Free Hassan Gouled Aptidon 1983 5 6 Not Free Hassan Gouled Aptidon 1984 5 6 Partly Free Hassan Gouled Aptidon 1985 6 6 Not Free Hassan Gouled Aptidon 1986 6 6 Not Free Hassan Gouled Aptidon 1987 6 6 Not Free Hassan Gouled Aptidon 1988 6 6 Not Free Hassan Gouled Aptidon 1989 6 5 Not Free Hassan Gouled Aptidon 1990 6 5 Not Free Hassan Gouled Aptidon 1991 6 5 Not Free Hassan Gouled Aptidon 1992 6 6 Not Free Hassan Gouled Aptidon 1993 6 6 Not Free Hassan Gouled Aptidon 1994 6 6 Not Free Hassan Gouled Aptidon 1995 5 6 Not Free Hassan Gouled Aptidon 1996 5 6 Not Free Hassan Gouled Aptidon 1997 5 6 Not Free Hassan Gouled Aptidon 1998 5 6 Not Free Hassan Gouled Aptidon 1999 4 6 Partly Free Hassan Gouled Aptidon 2000 4 5 Partly Free Ismaïl Omar Guelleh 2001 4 5 Partly Free Ismaïl Omar Guelleh 2002 4 5 Partly Free Ismaïl Omar Guelleh 2003 5 5 Partly Free Ismaïl Omar Guelleh 2004 5 5 Partly Free Ismaïl Omar Guelleh 2005 5 5 Partly Free Ismaïl Omar Guelleh 2006 5 5 Partly Free Ismaïl Omar Guelleh 2007 5 5 Partly Free Ismaïl Omar Guelleh 2008 5 5 Partly Free Ismaïl Omar Guelleh 2009 5 5 Partly Free Ismaïl Omar Guelleh 2010 6 5 Not Free Ismaïl Omar Guelleh 2011 6 5 Not Free Ismaïl Omar Guelleh 2012 6 5 Not Free Ismaïl Omar Guelleh 2013 6 5 Not Free Ismaïl Omar Guelleh 2014 6 5 Not Free Ismaïl Omar Guelleh

Gwamnatin Aptidon (1977-1999)

Hassan Guled Aptidon

Da'awar tsare siyasa da azabtarwa sun fara kusan nan da nan bayan 'yancin kai. A ranar 15 ga watan Disamba shekarar 1977, an kama wasu magoya bayan jam'iyyar adawa Mouvement populaire de liberation goma sha bakwai tare da azabtar da su. A cikin 1978, ɗalibai goma sha biyar, waɗanda suka ziyarci karatunsu a ƙasashen waje a Paris, an yanke musu hukuncin ɗaurin watanni a kurkuku kuma an ba da rahoton azabtarwa saboda labaran da ƙungiyar ɗalibansu ta rubuta a Faransa. Bayan wani hari da makami a shekarar 1979 a Randa, an tsare 'yan Afara sittin kuma akalla daya ya mutu sakamakon azabtarwa. An yi iƙirarin cewa an kama da yawa saboda kasancewarsu na ƙungiyar Mouvement populaire de liberation. Bayan wani yunkurin kisan gilla da aka yi wa Daraktan Tsaro a watan Yunin 1979 (wanda Amnesty International ta ce ana shakkar gaskiyarsa), an tsare da azabtar da masu adawa da siyasa tara, ciki har da mataimakan majalisa biyu. Daya daga cikin wadannan - Mohamed Houmed Mohamed - ya taba gabatar da jawabin majalisar dokokin kasar inda ya yi tir da yadda gwamnati ke azabtar da mutane.

A cikin watan Agustan shekarar 1981 jam'iyyar Parti populair Djiboutien ta nemi amincewa da doka a matsayin jam'iyyar siyasa. A farkon watan Satumba sun fitar da sanarwarsu ta farko, kuma a ranar 7 ga watan Satumba an kama dukkan mambobin kwamitin zartarwa goma sha uku, ciki har da 'yan majalisa shida. Cikin wadanda ake tsare da su akwai Mohamed Houmed Mohamed. Wasu daga cikin wadannan mambobin sun tsere daga kasar bayan an sako su, amma an sake tsare su da azabtar da su bayan sun dawo daga gudun hijira.

Hanyoyin azabtarwa da aka ruwaito a karkashin Aptidon sun haɗa da (amma ba'a iyakance ga): duka mai tsanani; hawan ruwa ; konewa; yage daga farce; wutar lantarki; tsayin daka ga hayaki wanda ke haifar da kusan asphyxiation; "The Swing", wanda aka dakatar da wanda aka azabtar da shi daga mashaya ta idon sawunsa; da sanya kwalabe a cikin dubura.

Gwamnatin Guellah (1999-)

Ismail Omar Guelleh

Aptidon ya sanar da yin murabus a watan Fabrairun shekarar 1999 kuma jam'iyyar People's Rally for Progress ta zabi Ismaïl Omar Guelleh a matsayin dan takararsu na shugaban kasa. Ya lashe zaben da aka yi a watan Afrilu da hannu, da kusan kashi uku cikin hudu na kuri'un da aka kada, inda ya kayar da abokin hamayyarsa na shugaban kasa, Moussa Ahmed Idriss mai zaman kansa. An kama Idriss ne a watan Satumba mai zuwa saboda "barazana da kwarin gwiwar sojojin kasar" kuma an tsare shi a wani wuri da ba a bayyana ba.

Jam'iyyar People's Rally for Progress ta ci gaba da mamaye harkokin siyasa a karkashin gwamnatin Guellah, inda ta yi amfani da wani tsari na musamman na farko-farko, wanda mafi rinjaye a kowane gundumomi biyar na zaben kasar ke rike da dukkan kujeru. Don haka, a zaben Majalisar Dokokin kasar na 2003, kawancen ya karbi dukkan kujeru 65 da kashi 62% na kuri'un da aka kada. Jam’iyyun adawa sun kaurace wa zaben na 2005 da shekarar 2008.

A shekara ta 2008, shugaba Guellah ya ba da sanarwar rusa jam'iyyar adawa ta Movement for Democratic Renewal and Development jam'iyyar.

A watan Afrilun shekarar 2010, an yi wa kundin tsarin mulkin kwaskwarima, inda aka cire wa'adin wa'adi biyu, tare da baiwa Guelleh damar ci gaba da wa'adinsa na shugaban kasa. A cikin watan Yunin shekarar 2010, an yanke wa babban attajirin nan na Djibouti, kuma tsohon abokin shugaban kasar, Abdourahman Boreh, hukuncin <i id="mwAWE">daurin</i> rai-da-rai saboda ta'addanci. Ba shi da lauya mai kare shi kuma ya kasance yana niyyar tsayawa takarar shugaban kasa a shekarar 2011.

Abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanzu (2007-)

'Yancin magana

Duka manyan jaridun ( La Nation de Djibouti ) da mai watsa shirye-shirye ( Radiodiffusion Télévision de Djibouti ) gwamnati ce ke sarrafa su. Jaridar 'yan adawa ta Le Renouveau ta daina aiki a shekara ta 2007 bayan buga labarin da ke cewa wani dan kasuwa ya ba wa surukin Ismail Omar Guelleh cin hanci, gwamnan babban bankin Djibouti. A ranar 2 ga watan Yuli, shekarar 2009, an kama Ahmed Darar Robleh, kuma daga baya aka yanke masa hukuncin daurin watanni shida a gidan yari saboda rubuta wakokin sukar shugaban kasa.

A cikin watan Fabrairun shekarar 2011 gwamnati ta kame da yawa daga cikin 'yan adawar siyasa, ciki har da mutane shida da ke ba da rahoto ga gidan rediyon Turai, La Voix de Djibouti. Wadannan sun hada da Farah Abadid Heldid da Houssein Robleh Dabar, wadanda aka sake su bayan watanni hudu amma aka sake kama su a watan Nuwamba.

'Yancin addini

Freedom House ta yi ikirarin cewa ana mutunta 'yancin yin ibada a kassar.

Tsarin doka

Djibouti ta soke hukuncin kisa a watan Afrilun shekarar 2010. Tsarin shari'a na ƙasar ya dogara ne akan tsarin farar hula na Faransa, tare da shari'ar Shari'a da ke tafiyar da al'amuran iyali.

Kame ba bisa ka'ida ba

Ko da yake doka ta haramta kama kama, ƙungiyoyi na uku suna da'awar cewa ba a mutunta wannan haƙƙin ba.

Jami’an tsaro na yawan kama mutane ba bisa ka’ida ba. Jean-Paul Noel Abdi, shugaban kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Djibouti, an kama shi ne a ranar 9 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 2011 bayan ya ba da rahoto kan zanga-zangar 'yan adawa dangane da rikicin Larabawa a farkon wannan watan. A cewar kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta Human Rights Watch, bai goyi bayan zanga-zangar da kansu ba amma ya nuna adawa da abin da ya bayyana a matsayin kame ba bisa ka'ida ba. Daga baya an sake shi bisa dalilan lafiya amma har yanzu ana tuhumar sa.

Azaba

Kundin tsarin mulki ya haramta azabtarwa. Sai dai rahotannin amfani da shi na ci gaba da kwarara zuwa kasashen waje. An kama karuwai ta hanyar mataimakan squads, kuma fyade ya kasance wani sharadi na sakewa. Ana samun rahotannin ‘yan sanda suna dukan fursunonin lokaci-lokaci. Kungiyar Reporters Without Borders ta yi ikirarin cewa Dirir Ibrahim Bouraleh ya mutu ne sakamakon raunukan da Sajan Manjo Abdourahman Omar Said ya yi masa daga ranar 23 – 27 ga watan Afrilu shekarar 2011.

Yanayin gidan yari

Djibouti na da gidan yari guda daya - Gabode a birnin Djibouti - da kuma wasu kananan gidajen yari. An ba da rahoton cewa yanayi a cikin tsarin ya kasance "mai tsanani". Duk da yawan cunkoso, fursunonin na Gabode suna ciyar da abinci sau uku a rana kuma suna samun kulawar lafiya. An yi la'akari da yanayi a cikin gidajen yari mafi muni, ba tare da tsarin kulawa ba. Gwamnati ce ke ba masu gadi horo game da haƙƙin ɗan adam.

'Yan tsiraru da 'yancin mata

  A cewar Freedom House, tsirarun kungiyoyin kamar Yemeniyawa da Afarwa na fuskantar wariya.

Kaciyar mata ya zama ruwan dare. Daidaito, duk da haka, yana samun ci gaba; sama da kashi 50% na alkalai yanzu mata ne.

Yarjejeniyoyi na duniya

Matsayin Djibouti game da yarjejeniyoyin kare hakkin bil adama na kasa da kasa sune kamar haka.

International treaties

Treaty Organization Introduced Signed Ratified Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide United Nations 1948 - - International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination United Nations 1966 2006 2009 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights United Nations 1966 - 2002 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights United Nations 1966 - 2002 First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights United Nations 1966 - 2002 Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity United Nations 1968 - - International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid United Nations 1973 - - Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women United Nations 1979 - 1998 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment United Nations 1984 - 2002 Convention on the Rights of the Child United Nations 1989 1990 1990 Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty United Nations 1989 - 2002 International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families United Nations 1990 - - Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women United Nations 1999 - - Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict United Nations 2000 2006 2011 Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography United Nations 2000 2006 2011 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities United Nations 2006 - 2012 Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities United Nations 2006 - 2012 International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance United Nations 2006 - - Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights United Nations 2008 - - Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a Communications Procedure United Nations 2011 - -

Duba kuma

 

• Fataucin mutane a Djibouti

Bayanan kula

1. Lura cewa "Shekarar" tana nufin "Shekarar da aka rufe". Don haka bayanin shekara ta 2008 ta fito ne daga rahoton da aka buga a shekarar 2009, da sauransu.

2. ^ Tun daga ranar 27 ga watan Yuni (Ranar 'Yancin Kai) a 1977; 1 Janairu bayan haka.

3. ^ Rahoton na 1982 ya shafi shekara ta 1981 da rabin farko na 1982, kuma rahoton na 1984 na gaba ya shafi rabin na biyu na shekarar 1982 da kuma gaba ɗaya 1983. Don samun sauƙi, waɗannan rahotannin "shekaru da rabi" guda biyu masu banƙyama an raba su zuwa rahotanni na tsawon shekaru uku ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa.

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

Rahotanni

• Rahoton Ƙasa game da Ayyukan Haƙƙin Dan Adam na 2011 na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka
• Rahoton Haƙƙin ɗan Adam na 2010 Archived 2012-06-04 at the Wayback Machine na Amnesty International (kuma ana samunsa cikin Larabci Archived 2011-03-14 at the Wayback Machine, Faransanci, da Sipaniya Archived 2011-06-08 at the Wayback Machine )
• 'Yanci a Duniya Rahoton 2011 Archived 2013-03-07 at the Wayback Machine, ta Freedom House

Ƙungiyoyin duniya

• Djibouti Archived 2014-05-13 at the Wayback Machine a Amnesty International (kuma ana samun su a cikin Larabci Archived 2012-09-15 at the Wayback Machine, Faransanci Archived 2014-03-09 at the Wayback Machine, da Sipaniya Archived 2012-12-09 at the Wayback Machine )
• Djibouti a Human Rights Watch
• Djibouti Archived 2013-06-01 at the Wayback Machine a FIDH (Ƙarin bayani akan rukunin Faransa Archived 2013-09-13 at the Wayback Machine )
• Djibouti a ofishin hukumar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (OHCHR)
• Djibouti Archived 2017-07-16 at the Wayback Machine a UNICEF
• Djibouti a International Freedom of Expression Exchange (IFEX) (kuma ana samunsa cikin Faransanci )

Kungiyoyin kasa

• Ligue Djiboutienne des Droits Archived 2022-01-22 at the Wayback Machine (in French)