Harsunan Zande
| Zande | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution | Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan |
| Linguistic classification | Nnijer–Kongo |
| ISO 639-2 / 5 | znd |
| Glottolog | zand1246[1] |
Harsunan Zande harsuna rabin dozin ne da ke da alaƙa da Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, da Sudan ta Kudu . Yare mafi yawan jama'a shine Zande daidai, tare da masu magana sama da miliyan guda.
Harsuna[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Per Boyd (1988), tsarin iyali shine kamar haka:
- Barambo–Pambia: Barambu, Pambia, Ngala
- Zande–Nzakara: Geme, Nzakara, Zande
Rabewa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Zande an haɗa shi da al'ada a cikin harsunan Ubangian, kodayake Moñino (2010) baya haɗa shi cikin Ubangian. [2] Ba a bayyana ko dan kabilar Nijar-Congo ne ba, ko kuma inda zai kasance a cikin wannan iyali.
Ilimin Halitta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kalmar Verb[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Fi'iloli sukan canza tsauri ta ƙara madaidaicin alamar. Misali:
- mi na manga = I am doing (tense markker, temple auxiliary)
- mi a manga = Na yi (alamar tashin hankali, taimakon haikali)
Bayan haka, fi'ili ba zai canza tare da taken taken su ba. Misali
- mi na manga = ina yi
- mo na manga = Kuna yi
- ko na manga = He (she) is doing
- ani na manga = Muna yi
- oni na manga = Kuna yi
- i na manga = Suna yi
Siffar[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Harshen Zande yana da sifa. A koyaushe ana sanya sifofin bayan kalmar da suka gyara.
Abin Da Ya Shafa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Yawaita suna a cikin yaren Zande ana yin su ta hanyar ƙara "a" kafin suna ɗaya. Misali:
- boro=mutum aboro=mutane
- nya=a dabba anya=dabba
- e= abu ae=abubuwa
Lambar[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Zande suna da mafi ƙayyadaddun hanyar ƙidayawa, waɗanda basu wuce lambobi 20 da 40 ba. Yawanci mutanen Zande suna ƙidaya ta hanyar kirga yatsu da ƙafafu. Don haka idan aka kidaya adadin sama da ashirin sai wani mutum ya kidaya adadin fiye da ashirin da sauransu. Don haka duk lambobi sama da ashirin ko sama da goma ba lambobi ne daban ba amma an kwatanta su a cikin jumla.
Tsarin 1-5[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
sa=1 ue=2 biata=3 biama=4 bisue=5
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Zandic". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Moñino Y., The position of Gbaya-Manza-Ngbaka group among the Niger-Congo languages Archived 2014-01-08 at the Wayback Machine // Genealogical classification in Africa beyond Greenberg. - Berlin: Humboldt Universität, 2010 February 21–22