Yanayin sufuri
Yanayin sufuri ko Yanayin sufuri reshe ne na Yanayin ƙasa wanda ke bincika motsi da haɗin tsakanin mutane, kayayyaki da bayanai a saman Duniya.
Manufofin da iyakar[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Yanayin sufuri yana ganowa, bayyanawa, da kuma bayyana sararin sufuri na duniya game da wuri, abu, tsari, aiki, da kuma asali. Har ila yau, yana bincika tasirin sufuri akan amfani da ƙasa, akan tsarin kayan jiki a farfajiyar ƙasa da aka sani da 'alamu na rufewa', da kuma wasu matakai na sararin samaniya kamar canje-canjen muhalli. Bugu da ƙari, yana ba da gudummawa ga sufuri, birane, da tsara yanki.
Sufuri yana da mahimmanci ga ayyukan tattalin arziki na musayar. Sabili da haka, yanayin sufuri da Yanayin tattalin arziki suna da alaƙa da juna. A matakin mafi mahimmanci, mutane suna motsawa kuma ta haka ne suna hulɗa da juna ta hanyar tafiya, amma yanayin sufuri yawanci yana nazarin tsarin sufuri na yanki ko na duniya wanda ya haɗa da hanyoyi masu yawa kamar sufuri na jama'a, motoci na mutum, kekuna, layin dogo, Intanet, Jiragen sama da sauransu. Irin waɗannan tsarin suna ƙara zama birane a cikin hali. Don haka, sufuri da Yanayin birane suna da alaƙa sosai. Birane suna da siffar sosai, hakika an halicce su, ta hanyar nau'ikan musayar da hulɗa da motsi ya sauƙaƙe.[1] Da yawa tun daga karni na 19, ana ganin sufuri a matsayin hanyar da birane, ƙasashe ko kamfanoni ke gasa da juna a wurare da mahallin da yawa.[2]
Hanyoyin sufuri[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Dangane da yanayin sufuri, siffofin farko sune iska, hanya, ruwa, da dogo. Kowane nau'i yana da nasa farashi da ke da alaƙa da 'saurin motsi', wanda ke shafar rikici, wurin asali, da makoma. Ana amfani da Jiragen ruwa don motsa kaya da yawa. Jirgin ruwa na iya ɗaukar ƙarin a duniya a farashi mai rahusa. Don motsa mutane waɗanda suka fi son rage lokacin tafiye-tafiye da haɓaka ta'aziyya da saukakawa, hanya da iska sune hanyoyin da aka fi amfani da su. Sau da yawa ana amfani da hanyar jirgin ƙasa don jigilar kayayyaki a yankunan da ke nesa da ruwa. Jirgin kasa na iya zama tushen sufuri ga mutane.
"Hanyoyin sufuri wani muhimmin bangare ne na tsarin sufuri tunda su ne hanyoyin da ake tallafawa motsi. Masu ilimin ƙasa suna la'akari da hanyoyi masu yawa waɗanda za a iya haɗa su cikin manyan rukunoni uku bisa ga matsakaici da suke amfani da su: ƙasa, ruwa da iska. Kowane yanayin yana da nasa buƙatu da fasalulluka, kuma an daidaita shi don yin amfani da takamaiman buƙatun jigilar kaya da zirga-zirgar fasinjoji. [3] Wannan yana haifar da bambance-zirgar hanyoyi a cikin hanyoyin da amfani da su a sassa daban-daban na duniya.
Sufuri na hanya[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Cibiyoyin sufuri na hanya suna da alaƙa da motsi a kan hanyoyin da aka gina; ɗaukar mutane da kayayyaki daga wuri zuwa wani ta hanyar manyan motoci, motoci, da dai sauransu. Ana iya ƙara rarraba sufuri ta hanyar abin hawa da aka yi amfani da shi ko manufar sufuri kanta. [ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2017)">citation needed</span>]
Jirgin Ruwa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Sufurin ruwa shine mafi saurin hanyar sufuri a cikin motsi na kayayyaki da mutane.Hanyoyin dabarun da ke kewaye da duniya sun ci gaba da taka muhimmiyar rawa a masana'antar teku. Kodayake mafi saurin hanyar sufuri idan aka kwatanta da sufuri na hanya da jirgin ƙasa, shine mafi tsada. [ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2017)">citation needed</span>]
Jirgin ƙasa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Sufurin Jirgin ƙasa shine motsi na kaya, kaya, da fasinjoji a kan jiragen kasa a matsayin hanyar sufuri. An kafa sufuri ta hanyar rails a matsayin daya daga cikin hanyoyin sufuri mafi aminci a tsawon lokaci.[4]
Kalubale ga sufuri[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Samun sufuri a kan tituna na yanzu, manyan hanyoyi, da wuraren jirgin kasa ba su dace da bukatun sufuri da aka kirkira ta hanyar karuwar yawan jama'a da sabbin wuraren ayyukan tattalin arziki ba. Baya ga karuwar yawan jama'a, wani matsala shine motocin da ke yawan hanyoyin sadarwa da tituna. Dubi cunkoso na zirga-zirga, cibiyar sadarwa ta sufuri, da Yawan jama'a
Rashin lafiyar matalauta da mutanen da ke zaune a yankuna masu tasowa na iya fuskantar barazana ta hanyar tsarin sufuri wanda ya kasa haɗa su da ayyuka da taimakon likita. Misali, yankunan Kudancin California suna da tsarin sufuri wanda ba ya haɗa marasa gida da waɗannan bukatun. Dubi Adalci na muhalli.
Dubi kuma[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Ka'idoji da Hanyoyi a cikin Yanayin zamani
- Tattalin Arziki
- Gudanar da ƙasa
- Yanayin ɗan adam
- Jaridar Sufuri
- Gyara tituna - Canja tituna don mayar da hankali kan amfani da ba mota ba
- Dokar farko ta Tobler ta yanayin ƙasa
- Dokar Tobler ta biyu ta yanayin ƙasa
- Sufuri
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Braudel, F. 1949 / 1995 The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Phillip II. Berkeley: University of California Press
- ↑ Graham, S., Marvin, S. 2001. Splintering Urbanism: Networked Infrastructures, Technological Mobilities and the Urban Condition: Networked Infrastructures, Technological Mobilites and the Urban Condition. London: Routledge.
- ↑ Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Economics & Geography, Hofstra University
- ↑ "Train travel is incredibly safe". Retrieved 2017-02-27.