John F. Kennedy
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John Fitzgerald Kennedy (Mayu 29, 1917 - Nuwamba 22, 1963),[1] da ake kira JFK da Jack, shi ne shugaban Amurka na 35 daga 1961 har zuwa kashe shi a 1963. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Sanata daga Massachusetts daga 1953. har zuwa 1960. Kennedy shi ne shugaban kasa mafi karancin shekaru da ya mutu a ofis a tarihin Amurka.[2][3]
Yarinta da ilimi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An haifi John Fitzgerald Kennedy a 83 Beals Street a unguwar Coolidge Corner a Brookline, Massachusetts a ranar 29 ga Mayu, 1917. Shi ne na biyu a cikin 'ya'ya tara na Joseph P. Kennedy (1888-1969). Mahaifinsa ɗan kasuwa ne kuma daga baya jakadan Amurka a Burtaniya daga 1938 har zuwa 1940. Mahaifiyarsa ita ce Rose Fitzgerald (1890-1995). Iyalin Roman Katolika ne.
Kennedy yayi karatu a Jami'ar Harvard tare da digiri na farko a cikin dangantakar kasa da kasa. Kafin yakin duniya na biyu ya fara, ya yi kokarin shiga sojan Amurka, amma an ki shi saboda yana fama da matsalolin baya; maimakon haka sai ya shiga aikin sojan ruwa. Lokacin da jirgin ruwan nasa na PT ya nutse da wani jirgin ruwan kasar Japan a shekarar 1943, ya ji masa rauni sosai a bayansa. Har yanzu dai ya ceci ma’aikatansa da suka tsira, inda daga baya aka ba shi lambar yabo saboda jarumtakarsa.
An zabe shi a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka a 1946, da Majalisar Dattawan Amurka a 1952. Ya auri Jacqueline Bouvier a ranar 12 ga Satumba, 1953. Ma’auratan sun haifi ‘ya’ya hudu; 'yar da aka haifa (b. 1956), Caroline (b. 1957), John (1960-1999) da Patrick, wanda aka haifa da wuri a watan Agusta 1963 kuma ya rayu na kwanaki biyu kawai.
Shugabancin ƙasa, 1961–63[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kennedy ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat ta Amurka. Ya doke abokin hamayyarsa na jam'iyyar Republican, Richard Nixon, a zaɓen shugaban kasa na 1960. Kennedy shine shugaban kasa mafi karancin shekaru da aka taba zaba. Shi ne kuma shugaban Roman Katolika na farko kuma shugaban farko da ya ci lambar yabo ta Pulitzer. Kennedy ya kasance mai magana mai kyau sosai kuma ya zaburar da sabbin matasan Amurkawa.
A farkon wa'adinsa, ya amince da shirin CIA na mamaye Cuba. Bayan mamayewar ya zama gazawa, Rikicin Makami mai linzami na Cuban ya fara. A lokacin rikicin, Cuba ta ba da umarnin yin amfani da makamai masu linzami da yawa daga Tarayyar Soviet. Ya kasance mafi kusanci a duniya shine yaƙin nukiliya. Kennedy ya umarci jiragen ruwa na Amurka su kewaye Cuba. Ya kawo karshen rikicin cikin lumana ta hanyar yin yarjejeniya da Tarayyar Soviet. Sun amince cewa Tarayyar Soviet za ta daina sayar wa Cuba makaman nukiliya. A sakamakon haka, Amurka za ta kwashe makamai masu linzami daga Turkiyya kuma ta yi alkawarin ba za ta sake mamaye Cuba ba.
Ya kuma kirkiro wani tsari mai suna New Frontier. Wannan jerin shirye-shiryen gwamnati ne, kamar sabunta birane, don taimakawa talakawa da masu aiki. Ya kirkiro kungiyar zaman lafiya don taimakawa kasashe matalauta a duk fadin duniya. Ya amince da rage haraji mai yawa don taimakawa tattalin arziki. Ya kuma yi kira da a kafa dokar kare hakkin jama’a ta 1964, wadda za ta sa wariya da wariya haramun ne. Kennedy ya yi niyyar cimma matsaya tare da firaministan Cuba, Fidel Castro, da kuma janye duk masu ba da shawara kan sojan Amurka daga Vietnam.[4]
Mutuwa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ranar 22 ga Nuwamba, 1963, wani maharbi ya harbe Kennedy har lahira a Dallas, Texas. Ana tuka shi cikin gari a cikin wata babbar mota ta budaddiyar mota, tare da John Connally, Gwamnan Texas. Yayin da motar ta shiga cikin Dealey Plaza, an yi ta harbe-harbe. An harbe Kennedy sau ɗaya a makogwaro kuma sau ɗaya a kai. An kai shi asibitin Parkland Memorial mai nisan mil 4 (kilomita 6.4) kuma an ce ya mutu da karfe 1:00 na rana.
Lee Harvey Oswald, tsohon sojan ruwa na Amurka, shi ne babban wanda ake zargi da kisan, kuma an kama shi a wannan rana da laifin kisan wani dan sanda mai suna J.D. Tippit. Oswald ya musanta harbin kowa kuma bayan kwana biyu Jack Ruby ya kashe shi a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba.
Kennedy ya yi jana'izar jihar a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, kwanaki uku bayan kisansa, kusa da Fadar White House. An binne shi a makabartar National Arlington a Arlington, Virginia.
Legacy[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Bayan Kennedy ya mutu, Lyndon Johnson (Mataimakin Shugaban kasa) ya karbi ragamar mulki kuma ya sanya yawancin ra'ayoyin Kennedy a cikin doka (duba Great Society).
Kennedy ya kasance shugaban kasa mai farin jini kuma har yau. Ana yi masa kallon daya daga cikin manyan shugabanni, wanda ya yi fice a binciken jama'a da ra'ayoyin jama'a.[5]
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Garrow, David J. (May 28, 2003). "Substance Over Sex In Kennedy Biography". The New York Times. Retrieved January 20, 2013.
- ↑ "John F. Kennedy Miscellaneous Information". John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum. Archived from the original on August 31, 2009. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ↑ John F. Kennedy at White House.gov
- ↑ JFK's embrace of third world nationalists
- ↑ "The American Experience – JFK". PBS. Archived from the original on 2011-10-18. Retrieved 2017-08-31.
Sauran yanar gizo[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- JFK Library and Museum
- JFK Library and Museum Online Store Archived 2013-10-21 at the Wayback Machine
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