Frances Lander Spain
Frances Lander Spain (Maris 15,1903 - Janairu 20, 1999)ma'aikaciyar laburare ce na yara kuma malami ne na ayyukan laburare na makaranta.A shekarar 1960,ta zama ma’aikaciyar dakin karatu ta yara ta farko da ta taba rike mukamin shugabar kungiyar laburare ta Amurka (ALA).An nada Spain ɗaya daga cikin "Mafi Muhimman Shugabanni 100 da Muke da su a ƙarni na 20" na ɗakin karatu.[1]
Tarihin Rayuwa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kakan Spain, Samuel Lander,ministan Methodist ne kuma wanda ya kafa Jami'ar Lander a Williamston, South Carolina.Iyayenta,Malcolm McPherson Lander da Rose Olivia Dantzler, sun hadu a Kwalejin Lander yayin da mahaifiyarta ke yarinya.[2][3]Mahaifin Spain daga baya ya zama ma'aikacin gidan waya na jirgin kasa a Jacksonville, Florida,kuma a nan ne shi da Olivia suka fara danginsu. [4]An haifi Frances Lander,ita ce babba a cikin ’ya’ya uku,amma duka ’yan uwanta biyu sun mutu tun suna yara.[4]Ta gudanar da aikinta na farko a matsayin shafi na ɗakin karatu na Jama'a na Jacksonville yayin da take makarantar sakandare.[4]Bayan kammala karatun sakandare,Spain ta tafi Kwalejin Winthrop da ke South Carolina kuma ta kammala karatun digiri a 1925 tare da digiri a ilimin motsa jiki.[3]Faɗuwar wannan shekarar,ta auri wani ma'aikacin banki, Donald Spain.[4]Ma'auratan sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu,Barbara da Don.[4]Don ya mutu da ciwon huhu a shekara ta 1932 yana da shekaru 2 kuma mijinta ya mutu da irin wannan rashin lafiya a 1934.
Farkon aiki[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Bayan mutuwar mijinta da ɗanta,Spain na buƙatar samar da 'yarta don haka,ta koma makaranta.A cikin 1935,Spain ta tafi Jami'ar Emory a Atlanta don yin aiki akan BA a kimiyyar laburare.Bayan kammala karatunta a 1936,an ba ta gurbin karatu a Kwalejin Winthrop a sabon sashin kimiyyar laburare.[5]Bayan samun gurbin karatu a 1941,Spain ta huta daga koyarwa kuma ta tafi Jami'ar Chicago don samun digiri na biyu da digiri na biyu a kimiyyar laburare.[3]Spain ta koma Kwalejin Winthrop a matsayin darektan ɗakin karatu a 1945 da tsakanin sa'an nan zuwa 1948,dukansu sun koyar da azuzuwan kuma sun yi aiki ta hanyar Ƙungiyar Laburaren Kudancin Carolina (SCLA).[6]Spain ta fara ne a matsayin kujera na sashin ɗakin karatu na makaranta na SCLA kuma a hankali ya koma matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasa kuma ya zama shugaban kasa a 1947.[6] A lokacin da take a cikin SCLA, Spain ta sake fasalin tsarin mulki don haɗa ba kawai ɗakunan karatu na jama'a ba, har da jami'a, makaranta, da ɗakunan karatu na musamman. [6] Ta kuma haɓaka ƙa'idodin ɗakin karatu na makaranta don jihar South Carolina. [7] Spain ta bar South Carolina a 1948, lokacin da ta sami tayin daga Jami'ar Kudancin California . [7] Ta zama mataimakiyar darakta a Makarantar Laburare kuma ta koyar da darussan adabin yara.