Harshen pinghua

Harshen pinghua
Dangin harshen	Sino-Tibetan (en) Sinanci Harshen pinghua
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	da ping1244 ping1245 da ping1244

Pinghua yana nufin nau'ikan yaren Sinitic iri-iri waɗanda ake magana da su musamman a sassan Guangxi, tare da wasu masu magana a cikin Hunan . Pinghua harshe ne na kasuwanci a wasu yankunan Guangxi, wanda masu magana da harsunan Zhuang ke magana a matsayin harshe na biyu. Wasu masu magana an lasafta su da Zhuang a hukumance, kuma yawancinsu sun bambanta da sauran Sinanci na Han . Ƙungiya ta arewa ta dogara ne akan Guilin da ƙungiyar kudanci kusa da Nanning . Yaren Kudancin yana da fa'idodi da yawa kamar samun sautuka daban-daban da aka bincika, da kuma amfani da kalmomin lamuni daban-daban daga harsunan Zhuang, kamar gunkin wei na ƙarshe na jimloli masu mahimmanci.

Rabewa

Binciken harshe a Guangxi a cikin shekarun 1950 ya rubuta nau'ikan Sinanci waɗanda aka haɗa cikin rukunin yaren Yue amma sun bambanta da na Guangdong. Cibiyar nazarin zamantakewar al'umma ta kasar Sin ta sanya Pinghua a matsayin rukunin yare daban daga Yue a cikin shekarun 1980 :15kuma tun daga wannan lokacin ana ɗaukarsa azaman yare dabam a cikin littattafan karatu da safiyo.

Tun lokacin da aka naɗa shi azaman ƙungiyar yare daban, Pinghua ya kasance abin da aka fi mayar da hankali ga ƙarin bincike. A shekara ta 2008 wani rahoto da Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta kasar Sin ta gudanar game da nau'ikan Sinawa, ya nuna cewa an samu karuwar kasidu da binciken Pinghua, tun daga 7 kafin buga Harshen Atlas na kasar Sin a shekarar 1987 bisa ga rabe-raben da aka yi wa kwaskwarima, kuma kimanin 156 tsakanin lokacin. kuma 2004.

A cikin 1980s an jera adadin masu magana sama da miliyan 2; kuma a 2016 kamar miliyan 7.

Yaruka

An raba Pinghua gabaɗaya zuwa harsuna biyu waɗanda ba za su iya fahimtar juna ba:

• Arewacin Pinghua ( Guìběi桂北平话</link>) ana magana ne a arewacin Guangxi, kusa da birnin Guilin, kusa da yarukan Mandarin na Kudu maso Yamma .
  • da kuma a wasu wurare a Hunan, kamar Tongdao .
  • Yaren Younian (Yao na kabila)
• Kudancin Pinghua ( Guìnán桂南平话</link>) ana magana ne a kudancin Guangxi, kusa da birnin Nanning . Waɗannan nau'ikan suna samar da yare mai ci gaba tare da nau'ikan Yue da ake magana da su a wannan ɓangaren na Guangxi (ban da enclaves na Cantonese, kamar a Nanning ). Yu Jin ya raba wannan rukuni zuwa nau'i uku:
  • Yongjiang, wanda ake magana a bakin kogin Yong a kusa da Nanning.
  • Guandao (官道; ), ana magana da shi a gabashin Nanning a cikin Laibin da lardin Heng da Binyang, a kusa da hanyar zuwa birnin Liuzhou mai magana da Mandarin Kudu maso Yamma .
  • Rongjiang, ana magana tare da kogin Rong zuwa arewacin Liuzhou.

Mutanen Zheyuan na gundumar Funing, Yunnan suna magana da nau'in Pinghua. Suna cikin Dongbo da Guichao, kuma sun yi ƙaura daga Nanning .

Fassarar sauti

Nanning Pinghua yana da gogayya ta gefe mara murya [ ɬ ] don tsakiyar Sinanci /s/</link> ko /z/</link> , misali a cikin lambobi /ɬam/</link> "uku" da /ɬi/</link> "hudu". Wannan ya bambanta da Standard Cantonese amma kamar wasu nau'in Yue irin su Taishanese .

Sautuna

Kudancin Pinghua yana da sautuna guda shida masu bambanta a cikin buɗaɗɗen saƙon, da huɗu cikin kalmomin da aka bincika, kamar yadda ake samu a cikin maƙwabtan Yue iri kamar yaren Bobai .

Sautunan Nanning Pinghua

Sunan sautin		Mataki píng平	Tashi shàng上	Tashi qù 去	Shiga rù 入
Na sama yīn陰	高	52 [˥˨]	33 [˧]	55 [˥]	5 [˥]
	低				3 [˧]
Kasa yáng陽	高	21 [˨˩]	24 [˨˦]	22 [˨]	23 [˨˧]
	低				2 [˨]

Raga sautin ƙaramar shigarwa ana ƙaddara ta hanyar baƙar fata ta farko, tare da ƙaramin hawan hawan da ke faruwa bayan baƙaƙen sonorant .

Bayanan Halitta

A bisa ka'ida, masu magana da harshen Pinghua sun fi kamanceceniya da kabilun da ba 'yan kabilar Han ba a kudancin kasar Sin, sabanin sauran kungiyoyin Han.