Hausawa

Rabe-raben yawan jama'a

Hausawa, a cikin shekaru 500 da suka gabata, sun ratsa babban wuri na Afirka a duk kusurwoyi huɗu don dalilai daban-daban daga aikin soja, cinikayya mai nisa, farauta, yin Hajji, tserewa daga sarakunan hauka masu zalunci da kuma yada Islama.

Saboda yawancin masu magana da Hausas da Hausa Musulmai ne, da yawa sun yi ƙoƙari su fara aikin hajji, abin da ake buƙata ga duk Musulmai da suka iya. A kan hanyar zuwa ko dawowa daga yankin Hijaz, mutane da yawa sun zauna, sau da yawa suna zama 'yan asalin ƙasar har zuwa wani mataki. Misali, yawancin Hausa a Saudi Arabia sun bayyana kansu a matsayin Hausa da Afro-Arab. A cikin duniyar Larabawa, sunan mahaifiyar "Hausawi" (wanda aka rubuta "Hawsawi") alama ce ta kakannin Hausa.

Ƙasar mutanen Hausa ita ce ("Kasar Hausa"), wanda ke cikin Arewacin Najeriya da Kudancin Nijar. Ana samun mutanen Hausa a ko'ina cikin Afirka da Yammacin Asiya. Malami a Cambridge Charles Henry Robinson ya rubuta a shekarun 1890 cewa "Za a sami mazaunan mutanen Hausa a Alexandria, Tripoli, Tunis".[and]   Teburin da ke ƙasa yana nuna rarraba yawan kabilun Hausa ta ƙasar asali, a waje da Najeriya da Nijar:

Country	Population
Ivory Coast	1,000,000
Samfuri:Country data Sudan	664,000
Cameroon	400,000
Samfuri:Country data Chad	287,000
Ghana	275,000
Benin	36,360
Samfuri:Country data Central African Republic	33,000
Eritrea	30,000
Samfuri:Country data Equatorial Guinea	26,000
Togo	21,000
Samfuri:Country data Congo	12,000
Samfuri:Country data Gabon	17,000
Algeria	11,000
Gambia	10,000

Tarihi

Daura, a arewacin Najeriya, ita ce birni mafi tsufa a Hausaland. Hausa na Gobir, kuma a arewacin Najeriya, suna magana da tsohuwar yaren gargajiya na yaren. A tarihi, Katsina ita ce cibiyar ilimin Islama ta Hausa amma daga baya Sokoto ta maye gurbin ta daga karni na 19 Usman Dan Fodio Musulunci.

Hoton fadar Sultan na Zinder, 1906.

Hausawa a al'adu da tarihi sun fi kusanci da sauran kabilun Sahel, musamman Fulani ; Zarma da Songhai (a Tillabery, Tahoua da Dosso a Nijar ); Larabawan Kanuri da Shuwa (a Chadi, Sudan da arewa maso gabashin Najeriya); Abzinawa (a Agadez, Maradi da Zinder ); Gur da Gonja (a arewa maso gabashin Ghana, Burkina Faso, arewacin Togo da Benin ta sama); Gwari (a tsakiyar Najeriya); da Mandinka, Bambara, Dioula da Soninke (a Mali, Senegal, Gambia, Ivory Coast da Guinea ).

Dukkanin wadannan kabilu daban-daban a cikin da kewayen kasar Hausa suna zaune ne a cikin faffadan faffadan kasashen Sahel da Sahara da Sudan, kuma sakamakon yanayin kasa da kuma rikice-rikicen da ake samu na hanyoyin kasuwanci na Afirka na gargajiya, makwabtan Hausawa ne suka rinjayi al'adunsu, kamar yadda TL Hodgkin ya yi nuni da cewa, "Babban fa'idar Kano ita ce, kasuwanci da kasuwanci kusan kowane iyali yana da hannu. wani abu ne mai girma game da wannan masana'anta, wanda ya bazu zuwa arewa har zuwa Murzuk, Ghat har ma da Tripoli, zuwa Yamma, ba kawai zuwa Timbuctu ba, amma a wani mataki har zuwa gabar Tekun Atlantika, ainihin mazaunan Arguin suna sanye da rigar da aka saka da rini a Kano ; zuwa gabas, ko'ina cikin Borno, ... da kuma yankin kudu maso gabas. sutura." A cikin sheda karara ga da'awar T. L Hodgkin, al'ummar Agadez da sahara na tsakiyar Nijar, Abzinawa da kungiyoyin Hausa ba su da bambanci da juna a cikin tufafin gargajiya; both wear the tagelmust and indigo Babban Riga/Gandora . Amma ƙungiyoyin biyu sun bambanta ta harshe, salon rayuwa da kuma fitattun dabbobi masu kaya (Abinawa suna amfani da raƙuma, yayin da Hausawa ke hawan dawakai ).

Sauran Hausawa sun yi tasiri a kan sauran kabilun kudu da makamantansu da makwabtansu na Sahel, wadanda suka yi tasiri sosai a al’adun wadannan kungiyoyi. Dokokin Shari’ar Musulunci sako-sako ne a cikin kasar Hausa, wanda duk wani malami ko malamin addinin Musulunci ya fahimce a kasar Hausa aka sani da mallam ko mallan ko malam (duba Maulana ). Wannan hali na jam’i na kabilanci da alaƙar al’adu ya baiwa Hausawa damar zama ɗaya daga cikin yankuna mafi girma na ƙabilun Bantu a Afirka.

A karni na 7, tsaunin Dalla da ke Kano ya kasance wurin da al’ummar Hausawa suka yi hijira daga Gaya suka yi sana’ar karfe. An kafa masarautun Hausa Bakwai a cikin karni na bakwai zuwa na 11. Daga cikin wadannan, Masarautar Daura ita ce ta farko, kamar yadda labarin Bayajidda ya fada. Labarin Bayajidda sabon tunani ne a tarihin Hausawa wanda ya samu karbuwa da karbuwa a hukumance a karkashin gwamnatin Musulunci da cibiyoyi da aka kafa bayan jihadin Usman dan Fodio a shekara ta 1804.

Masarautar Hausa sun kasance ƙungiyoyin siyasa masu zaman kansu a yankin Arewacin Najeriya a yanzu . Jihohin birnin Hausa sun zama yankunan kudancin kudancin sahara na cinikin ayari. Kamar sauran garuruwa irin su Gao da Timbuktu da ke daular Mali, wadannan jihohin sun zama cibiyar kasuwanci mai nisa. ‘Yan kasuwan Hausawa a kowanne daga cikin wadannan garuruwan sun tattara kayayyakin kasuwanci daga cikin gida kamar fata, rini, kayan doki, makullai na karafa da goro daga yankin dajin damina zuwa kudu ta hanyar ciniki ko kai hari bayi. su (da haraji) sannan a tura su arewa zuwa garuruwan da ke kusa da Bahar Rum . [1] A karni na 12 miladiyya, Hausawa sun zama daya daga cikin manyan kasashen Afirka masu karfin kasuwanci, suna fafatawa da Kanem-Bornu da Daular Mali . [2] Abubuwan da aka fi fitar dasu sune fata, zinari, tufa, gishiri, goro, bayi, fatun dabbobi, da henna . Tabbas ciniki ya rinjayi addini. A karni na 14, addinin musulunci ya fara yaduwa a kasar Hausa domin malaman Wangara, malamai da 'yan kasuwa daga Mali da ma na Magrib sun kawo addinin tare da su.

A farkon karni na 15, Hausa suna amfani da Rubutun Larabci da aka gyara da aka sani da ajami don yin rikodin yarensu. Hausa sun tattara rubuce-rubuce da yawa, mafi mashahuri shine Kano Chronicle . An gano rubuce-rubucen Hausa da yawa na zamani masu kama da rubuce-bucen Timbuktu da aka rubuta a cikin rubutun Ajami kwanan nan, wasu daga cikinsu suna kwatanta taurari da kalandar.

Hoton wani mutumin Hausa daga Gobir na Carl Arriens (1913)

An gina Gobarau Minaret a karni na 15 a Katsina . Ginin mita 50 ne wanda ke tsakiyar birnin Katsina, babban birnin Jihar Katsina. Gobarau minaret, alama ce ta jihar, misali ne na farko na gine-ginen Islama a cikin birni wanda ke alfahari da kansa a matsayin muhimmiyar cibiyar ilmantarwa ta Islama. An yi imanin cewa minaret yana daya daga cikin gine-gine na farko na Yammacin Afirka kuma ya kasance gini mafi tsayi a Katsina. Asalin masallacin an danganta shi da kokarin masanin addinin Islama mai tasiri Sheikh Muhammad al-Maghili da Sultan Muhammadu Korau na Katsina. Al-Maghili ya fito ne daga garin Tlemcen a Aljeriya ta yanzu kuma ya koyar na ɗan lokaci a Katsina, wanda ya zama cibiyar ilmantarwa a wannan lokacin, lokacin da ya ziyarci garin a ƙarshen karni na 15 a lokacin mulkin Muhammadu Korau . Shi da Korau sun tattauna ra'ayin gina masallaci don zama cibiyar ayyukan ruhaniya da na ilimi. An tsara masallacin Gobarau kuma an gina shi don nuna salon gine-ginen Timbuktu. Ya zama muhimmiyar cibiyar ilmantarwa, yana jan hankalin malamai da dalibai daga nesa da ko'ina, kuma daga baya ya zama wani nau'in jami'a.[1]

Muhammad Rumfa shi ne Sultan na Sultanate na Kano, wanda ke cikin Jihar Kano ta zamani, Arewacin Najeriya . Ya yi sarauta daga 1463 har zuwa 1499. Daga cikin nasarorin Rumfa sun hada da fadada ganuwar birni, gina babban fadar, Gidan Rumfa, inganta bayi zuwa mukamai na gwamnati da kuma kafa babban Kasuwar Kurmi, wanda har yanzu ana amfani dashi a yau. Kasuwar Kurmi tana daga cikin tsofaffin kasuwannin gida mafi girma a Afirka. An yi amfani da shi a matsayin kasuwar kasa da kasa inda ake musayar kayayyakin Arewacin Afirka don kayayyakin cikin gida ta hanyar cinikin Sahara. Muhammad Rumfa shi ne kuma ke da alhakin yawancin Musulunci na Kano, yayin da ya bukaci fitattun mazauna su tuba.

An yi imanin cewa Sarauniya Zazzau"(Amina)(ko Aminatu) ta mallaki Zazzau tsakanin karni na 15 da karni na 16 na tsawon shekaru 34. Amina tana da shekaru 16 lokacin da mahaifiyarta, Bakwa Turunku ta zama sarauniya kuma an ba ta taken gargajiya na Magajiya, girmamawa da 'ya'yan sarakuna suka ɗauka. Ta inganta kwarewarta ta soja kuma ta zama sananniya saboda jaruntakarta da ayyukan soja, yayin da aka yi bikin a cikin waƙa a matsayin "Amina, 'yar Nikatau, mace mai iyawa kamar namiji. " An yaba wa Amina a matsayin mai kula da gine-gine wanda ya kirkiro ganuwar ƙasa mai ƙarfi da ke kewaye da birninta, wanda shine samfurin ganuwar da aka yi amfani da ita a duk jihohin Hausa. Daga baya ta gina yawancin wadannan ganuwar, wanda aka fi sani da ganuwar Amina ko ganuwar amina, a kusa da biranen da aka ci nasara.

Manufofin nasarorin da ta samu sun kasance biyu: fadada al'ummarta fiye da iyakokinta na farko da kuma rage biranen da aka ci nasara zuwa matsayin mai mulki. Sultan Muhammad Bello na Sokoto ya bayyana cewa, "Ta yi yaƙi a kan waɗannan ƙasashe kuma ta shawo kansu gaba ɗaya don mutanen Katsina su biya haraji a gare ta da mutanen Kano kuma... ta yi yaƙi da biranen Bauchi har sai mulkinta ya kai teku a kudu da yamma. " Hakazalika, ta jagoranci sojojinta har zuwa Kwararafa da Nupe kuma, bisa ga Tarihin Kano, "Sarkin Nupe ya aiko mata (watau gimbiya) 40 da 10,000 kola nuts"

Halifa ta Hausa-Fulani Sokoto a karni na 19

Daga 1804 zuwa 1808, Fulani, wani kabilanci na Musulunci na Afirka wanda ya mamaye Afirka ta Yamma kuma ya zauna a Hausaland tun farkon shekarun 1500, tare da goyon bayan manoman Hausa da aka riga aka zalunta sun tayar da harajin shanu da tsanantawa na addini a ƙarƙashin sabon sarki na Gobir, wanda magajinsa da mahaifinsa suka yarda da masu bisharar Musulmi har ma sun fi son babban malamin Musulmi na ranar, Sheikh Usman Dan Fodio wanda sabon sarki ya nemi kawo karshen rayuwarsa. Sheikh Usman Dan Fodio ya tsere daga Gobir kuma daga masallacinsa ya ayyana Jihad a kan sarkinsa da duk sarakunan daular Habe saboda zargin haɗama, arna, rashin adalci ga ajin manoma, amfani da haraji mai nauyi da keta ka'idodin dokar Sharia. Kamancin al'adun Fulani da Hausa a matsayin mutanen Sahelian, duk da haka, sun ba da damar haɗin kai tsakanin kungiyoyin biyu. Tun daga farkon karni na 20, ana rarraba waɗannan mutane a matsayin "Hausa-Fulani" a cikin Najeriya maimakon a matsayin ƙungiyoyi.[1] A zahiri, yawancin Fulani da ke zaune a yankunan Hausa ba za su iya magana da Fulfulde ba kuma suna magana da Hausa a matsayin yarensu na farko. Yawancin Fulani a yankin ba su bambanta kansu daga Hausa ba, saboda sun daɗe suna aure, suna da addinin Islama kuma fiye da rabin dukkan Fulani na Najeriya sun shiga cikin al'adun Hausa.[2]

Mai kula da mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya Frederick Lugard ya yi amfani da kishiya tsakanin yawancin sarakuna a kudu da gwamnatin Sokoto ta tsakiya don magance yiwuwar kokarin karewa yayin da mutanensa suka yi tafiya zuwa babban birnin.[1] Yayin da Birtaniya ta kusanci birnin Sokoto, sabon Sultan Muhammadu Attahiru I shirya gaggawa na kare birnin kuma ya yi yaƙi da sojojin da ke ci gaba da jagorancin Burtaniya. Birtaniya sun fito da nasara, suna aika Attahiru I da dubban mabiya a kan hijra na Mahdi.

A ranar 13 ga Maris, 1903 a babbar kasuwar Sokoto, Wazirin Halifa na karshe ya mika wuya ga mulkin kasar Ingila. Bature ya nada Muhammadu Attahiru II a matsayin sabon Halifa. [1] Lugard ya soke Halifanci, amma ya ci gaba da rike mukaman Sultan a matsayin matsayi na alama a cikin sabuwar tsarin tsaro na Arewacin Najeriya . [2] A cikin watan Yuni 1903, Birtaniya ta ci nasara da sauran sojojin Attahiru na I, wanda aka kashe a wani mataki ; A shekara ta 1906 aka kawo karshen turjiya da turawan ingila da mamayar Hadejia da kuma rasuwar Sarki Muhammadu Mai Shahada na Hadejia a matsayin masarauta ta karshe da ke daular Sokoto. [3] An raba yankin daular Sokoto tsakanin turawan Ingila, Faransanci da Jamusawa karkashin sharuddan taron Berlin . [4]

Fasahar mahayin doki na Kano sanye da lifidi (kayan kwalliya)

Birtaniya ta kafa Arewacin Najeriya Protectorate don gudanar da yankin, wanda ya hada da mafi yawan daular Sokoto da masarautanta mafi muhimmanci.[1] A karkashin Lugard, an ba da sarakuna daban-daban ikon cin gashin kansu na gida, don haka suna riƙe da yawancin ƙungiyar siyasa ta Khalifancin Sokoto.[2] An bi da yankin Sokoto a matsayin wani masarauta a cikin Protectorate na Najeriya. Saboda ba a taɓa haɗa shi da hanyar jirgin ƙasa ba, ya zama mai banƙyama a tattalin arziki da siyasa.[3]

Sultan na Sokoto ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin muhimmin matsayi na ruhaniya da addini na musulmi; an ci gaba da fahimtar alaƙar zuriya da dan Fodio. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan Sultans shine Siddiq Abubakar III, wanda ya rike mukamin shekaru 50 daga 1938 zuwa 1988. An san shi da karfi mai tabbatarwa a siyasar Najeriya, musamman a 1966 bayan kisan Ahmadu Bello, Firayim Ministan Arewacin Najeriya.

Bayan gina Tsarin jirgin kasa na Najeriya, wanda ya kai daga Legas a 1896 zuwa Ibadan a 1900 da Kano a 1911, Hausa na arewacin Najeriya sun zama manyan masu samar da groundnuts. Sun ba da mamaki ga hukumomin Burtaniya, waɗanda suka yi tsammanin Hausa za su juya zuwa samar da auduga. Hausa suna da isasshen ƙwarewar aikin gona don fahimtar auduga yana buƙatar ƙarin ma'aikata kuma farashin Turai da aka bayar don groundnuts sun fi kyau fiye da waɗanda ke cikin auduga. "A cikin shekaru biyu manoma na Hausaland suna samar da tan da yawa na groundnuts cewa hanyar jirgin kasa ba ta iya jimre da zirga-zirga ba. A sakamakon haka, 'yan kasuwa na Turai a Kano dole ne su adana jaka na groundnots a kan tituna. " (Shillington 338).

Hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya da Faransa ne suka aiwatar da rubutun Boko kuma suka sanya haruffa na hukuma a cikin 1930.[1] Boko haruffa ce ta Latin da ake amfani da ita don rubuta Harshen Hausa. Mutanen Turai ne suka kirkiro boko na farko a farkon karni na 19, kuma sun bunkasa a farkon karni nke 20 ta hanyar Burtaniya (yawanci) da hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Faransa.[2] Tun daga shekarun 1950, boko ya kasance babban haruffa na Hausa.[3] Ana amfani da rubutun Larabci (ajami) yanzu kawai a makarantun Islama da kuma wallafe-wallafen Islama. A yau miliyoyin mutanen da ke magana da harshen Hausa, waɗanda zasu iya karatu da rubutu a cikin Ajami kawai, gwamnatin Najeriya tana ɗaukar su marasa karatu.[4] Duk da haka, Hausa Ajami yana nan a kan takardun banki na Naira. A cikin shekara ta 2014, a cikin wani yunkuri mai rikitarwa, an cire Ajami daga sabon takardar kudi na 100 Naira.[5]

Duk da haka, Hausa sun kasance masu mahimmanci a Nijar da Arewacin Najeriya.

Ƙungiyoyin mutanen Hausa

Hausas a cikin ƙayyadadden ma'ana 'yan asalin Kasar Hausa (Hausaland) ne waɗanda ake samu a Yammacin Afirka. A cikin Hausa, an yi bambanci tsakanin ƙananan rukuni uku: Habe, Hausa-Fulani (Kado), da Banza ko Banza 7.

• "Habe" ana ɗaukar su Hausas masu tsarki. Sun hada da Gobirawa, Kabawa, Rumawa, Adarawa, Maouri, da sauransu. Wadannan kungiyoyi sun kasance sarakunan Masarautun Hausa kafin juyin juya halin Danfodiyo (Jihad) na 1804.
• "Hausa-Fulani" ko "Kado" sune Hausanized Fulas, mutanen da suka haɗu da Hausa da Fulani, mafi yawansu suna magana da bambancin Hausa a matsayin yarensu. Dangane da al'adar asalin Hausa, asalin su ya kasance ne sakamakon kai tsaye na ƙaurawar mutanen Fula zuwa Hausaland wanda ya faru daga ƙarni na 15 kuma daga baya a farkon ƙarni na 19, a lokacin juyin juya halin da Sheikh Usman Danfodiyo ya jagoranta a kan Masarautun Hausa, ya kafa Khalifancin Sokoto. Sun hada da kabilun Jobawa, Dambazawa, Mudubawa, Mallawa, da Sullubawa da suka samo asali daga Futa Tooro.
• "Banza ko Banza 7" a cewar wasu masana tarihi na zamani mutane ne waɗanda suka fito daga tsoffin kabilun da harsuna da suka ƙare a Hausaland, waɗanda ba a san tarihin su sosai ba. Sun hada da Ajawa, Gere, Bankal, da sauransu.

Halitta

• 
  Wani yaron Hausa sanye da kayan gargajiya (Babban riga da rawani)
• 
  Wani matashi dan Hausa sanye da kayan gargajiya
• 
  Baligi Bahaushe a Babban riga da Alasho

 

Dangane da binciken Y-DNA na Hassan et al. (2008), kusan kashi 40.7% na Hausa a Sudan suna ɗauke da ƙungiyar haplogroup ta Yammacin Eurasia R-M173 (R1) tare da maye gurbin P25. Sauran sun fito ne daga zuriyar iyaye daban-daban na Afirka: 15.6% B-M60 (B) , 15.6% E-M33 (E1a) , 12.5% A-M13 (A1b1b2b) da 12.5% E-M2 (E1b1a1) . Ɗaya daga cikin mutane 32 da aka gwada (3.1%) na E-M78 (E1b1b1a1) [bayanin kula 2].

Wani B da aka yi kwanan nan a kan Hausa na Arewa (Northern Nigeria) ya nuna irin wannan sakamako: 47% E1b1b" id="mwAs0" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="E1b1a">E1b1a, 5% E1b1, 21% sauran Haplogroup E (E-M33, E-M75...), 18% R-M173 (R1) da 9% B.

Dangane da asalin gaba ɗaya, binciken DNA na autosomal na Tishkoff et al. (2009) ya sami Hausawa suna da alaƙa da mutanen Nilo-Sahara daga Chadi da Sudan ta Kudu. Wannan yana nuna cewa Hausa da sauran mutanen da ke magana da harshen Chadic na zamani sun fara magana da yarukan Nilo-Sahara, kafin su karɓi harsuna daga dangin Afroasiatic bayan ƙaura zuwa wannan yankin dubban shekaru da suka gabata:

Daga K = 5-13, duk mutanen da ke magana da Nilo-Sahara daga kudancin Sudan, da Chadi tare da mutanen da ke zaune a tsakiyar Afirka da Asiya (Hoto S15). Wadannan sakamakon sun dace da bayanan harshe da na archaeological, suna ba da shawarar yiwuwar kakanninmu na Nilo-Sahara daga asalin gabashin Sudanese a cikin shekaru 105,500 da suka gabata, tare da ƙaura ta biyu zuwa yamma zuwa Tafkin Chadi da kudu zuwa kudancin Sudan na zamani, da ƙaura na baya-bayan nan zuwa gabas zuwa Kenya da Tanzania ≈3,000 ya (yana ba da damar tashi ga masu magana da Kudancin Nilotic) da yamma zuwa Chadi ≈2,500 ya (yana haifar da masu magana da tsakiya na Sudan) (S62, S67, S54). Wani ƙaura da aka tsara na masu magana da harshen Afroasiatic na Cathar ≈7,000 ya daga tsakiyar Sahara zuwa cikin Tafkin Chadi na iya haifar da yawancin mutanen yammacin Nilo-Saharans su sauya zuwa yarukan Chadic (S99). Bayananmu sun nuna cewa wannan canjin bai kasance tare da adadi mai yawa na kwayar halitta ta Afroasiatic16 ba. Binciken mtDNA yana ba da shaida don bambancin ≈8,000 ya na bambancin mtDNA wanda ke cikin manyan mitar a cikin al'ummomin Chadic kuma yana ba da shawarar asalin Gabashin Afirka ga yawancin zuriyar mtDNA a cikin waɗannan al'ummomi (S100).

Wani binciken da aka yi daga shekarar 2019 wanda ya gano maza 218 da ba su da alaƙa da su daga kabilun Ibo, Hausa da Yoruba ta amfani da nazarin X-STR, ya gano cewa yayin nazarin alaƙar kwayar halitta, ba a gano bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci ba. Ya goyi bayan daidaito na kabilun Najeriya don alamun X-chromosome. A cikin 2024, takarda ta sami daidaituwa a cikin Yoruba, Igbo da Hausa a Najeriya don X-Chromosomes (mtDNA). Koyaya, an sami bambance-bambance a cikin Hausa don Y-Chromosome, inda suke da ƙarin zuriyar uba da ke da alaƙa da masu magana da Afirka-Asia, yayin da Yoruba da Igbo suna da alaƙa ta uba da sauran kungiyoyin da ke magana da Nijar-Congo. Musamman, a cikin maza 135 na Yoruba da 134 na Igbo, an ga E-M2 a babban adadin 90%. Sabanin haka, maza 89 na Hausa suna da E-M2 a 43%, da kuma mitoci na R1b-V88 a 32%, A 9%, E1a 6%, B 5%, da kuma wani 5% da aka yi da wasu layin.

Al'adu

• 
  Kofar gidan rumfa
• 
  Kano Museum
• 
  tsohuwar Gobirau minaret Katsina
• 
  Gidan da aka gina a 1959. Hoton da aka ɗauka a Agadez, Nijar (1997)
• 
  Kofar fadar Sarkin Zariya (1962)
• 
  Fadar Mai Martaba Sarkin Dutse

Ayyukan al'adu Hausa suna da ban sha'awa a Najeriya kuma sun tsayayya da gwajin lokaci saboda al'adu masu ƙarfi, girman kai na al'adu da kuma ingantaccen tsarin gwamnati na mulkin mallaka. Sakamakon haka, kuma duk da gasa mai karfi daga al'adun yammacin Turai kamar yadda takwarorinsu na kudancin Najeriya suka karɓa, sun ci gaba da wadataccen salon tufafi, abinci, harshe, tsarin aure, tsarin ilimi, gine-ginen gargajiya, wasanni, kiɗa da sauran nau'ikan nishaɗin gargajiya.

Harshe

Harshen Hausa, memba ne na dangin harsuna na Afroasiatic, yana da masu magana da harshe na farko fiye da kowane harshe na Afirka. Yana da kusan masu magana da harshe na farko miliyan 50, kuma kusan masu magana na harshe na biyu miliyan 30. Babban yankin da ake magana da harshen Hausa shine arewacin Najeriya da kudancin Nijar. Har ila yau, ana magana da Hausa a arewacin Ghana, Kamaru, Chadi, da Ivory Coast da kuma tsakanin Fulani, Tuareg, Kanuri, Gur, Shuwa Arab, da sauran kungiyoyin Afirka-Asia, Nijar-Congo, da Nilo-Sahara. Har ila yau, akwai manyan al'ummomin Hausa a kowane babban birni na Afirka a cikin unguwanni da ake kira zango ko zongo, ma'ana " sansanin caravan" a cikin Hausa (yana nuna asalin Kasuwanci waɗannan al'ummomi). Yawancin masu magana da Hausa, ba tare da la'akari da kabilanci ba, Musulmai ne; Hausa sau da yawa yana aiki a matsayin harshen magana tsakanin Musulmai a yankunan da ba na Hausa ba.

Akwai manyan wallafe-wallafen da aka buga a cikin Hausa, wanda ya haɗa da litattafai, shayari, wasan kwaikwayo, koyarwa a cikin aikin Islama, littattafai kan batutuwan ci gaba, jaridu, mujallu na labarai, da ayyukan ilimi na fasaha. Rediyo da watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin a cikin Hausa suna ko'ina a arewacin Najeriya da kudancin Nijar, kuma tashoshin rediyo a Kamaru suna da watsa shirye'shiryen Hausa na yau da kullun, kamar yadda masu watsa shirye-'shiryen kasa da kasa kamar BBC, [1] [2] [3] VOA, [4] [5] Deutsche Welle, Rediyon Moscow, Rediyon Beijing, RFI Faransa, IRIB Iran IRIB World Service, da sauransu [4] [5] [6] [7] [5] [6] [5] [6] [5] [5] [6] [5][8][9][10][11]

Ana amfani da Hausa a matsayin harshen koyarwa a matakin firamare a makarantun arewacin Najeriya, kuma ana samun Hausa a matsayin karatun karatu a jami'o'in arewacin Najeriya . Bugu da kari, ana ba da digirin digirgir da yawa (Masters da PhD) a harshen Hausa a jami'o'i daban-daban na Burtaniya da Amurka da Jamus . Har ila yau, ana amfani da Hausa a shafukan sada zumunta daban-daban na duniya.

An dauki Hausa a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan harsuna na duniya, kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a kasashe da yawa na Afirka. Kyakkyawan waƙoƙin Hausa, rubutu, da wallafe-wallafen kiɗa suna ƙaruwa a cikin bugawa da kuma a cikin sauti da rikodin bidiyo. Nazarin Hausa yana ba da bayani game da al'adun Afirka ta Musulunci. A duk faɗin Afirka, akwai kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin Hausa da Islama.[1]

Tasirin harshen Hausa a cikin harsunan da yawa daga cikin al'ummar Musulmin Afirka da ba Hausawa ba a bayyane yake. Haka nan, al’adun Hausawa da dama, da suka hada da irin su tufafi da abinci, sauran al’ummomin musulmi ne ke da su. Saboda babban matsayi da harshen Hausa da al’adun Hausawa suka daɗe suna riƙe da shi, nazarin Hausa ya ba da muhimmiyar fage ga sauran fannoni kamar tarihin Afirka, siyasa (musamman a Nijeriya da Nijar), nazarin jinsi, kasuwanci, da fasaha.

Addini

Rubutun lithographic daga Najeriya a farkon karni na 20 wanda ke nuna rubutu daga Surah na An'am, wanda aka buga a cikin Rubutun <i id="mwA3M">Hausawi</i>.

Musulunci na Sunni na Maliki madhhab, shine mafi rinjaye kuma addinin da aka kafa a tarihi na mutanen Hausa. Musulunci ya kasance a cikin Hausaland tun daga farkon karni na 11 - wanda ya haifar da sanannun tsarkaka na Sufi da malamai kamar Wali Muhammad dan Masani (d.1667) da Wali Muhammad dan Marina (d. 1655) a Katsina - galibi tsakanin 'yan kasuwa masu nisa zuwa Arewacin Afirka waɗanda su ma suka yada shi ga talakawa yayin da masu mulki suka kasance arna ko kuma suka haɗu da ayyukansu na Islama da ayyukan arna. A karni na 14, 'yan kasuwa na Hausa sun riga sun yada addinin Musulunci a fadin babban yanki na yammacin Afirka kamar Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, da sauransu.

Masanan Musulmai na farkon karni na 19 sun ƙi yarda da addinin haɗin gwiwa da ake yi a kotunan sarauta. Sha'awar sake fasalin ya ba da gudummawa ga kafa Khalifancin Sokoto . Kafa wannan jihar ta karfafa Islama a yankunan karkara. Mutanen Hausa sun kasance muhimmiyar mahimmanci ga yaduwar Islama a Yammacin Afirka. A yau, Sultan na Sokoto na yanzu ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin jagoran addini na gargajiya (Sarkin Musulmi) na Sunni Hausa-Fulani a Najeriya da kuma bayan.

Maguzanci, Addinin gargajiya na Afirka, an yi shi sosai kafin Islama. A yankunan da suka fi nisa na Hausaland, mutane suna ci gaba da yin Maguzanci. Kusa da birane, ba a saba da shi ba, amma tare da abubuwa har yanzu suna cikin imanin mazaunan birane. Ayyuka sun haɗa da hadayar dabbobi don amfanin mutum, amma ba daidai ba ne a yi sihiri na Maguzanci don cutarwa. Mutanen da ke cikin birane suna riƙe da "bautar mallaka," da aka sani da Bori. Ya ƙunshi abubuwan tsohuwar addinin Addinin gargajiya na Afirka da sihiri.

Babban Masallacin Kano a cikin 1960. Yana daya daga cikin masallatai mafi tsufa a Najeriya kuma Muhammad Rumfa, Sarkin Kano na 21 ne ya gina shi a karni na 15

Tufafi da kayan ado

• 
  Wani yaron Hausa sanye da kayan gargajiya (Babban riga da rawani)
• 
  Wani matashi dan Hausa sanye da kayan gargajiya
• 
  Baligi Bahaushe a Babban riga da Alasho

Yaro a kan doki a cikin tufafin gargajiya na Hausa

Hausawa sun shahara a tsawon zamanai na tsakiya wajen saƙa da rini, kayan auduga, takalman fata, makullai na ƙarfe, kayan dawakai da sana’ar fata da kuma fitar da irin waɗannan kayayyaki a duk faɗin yankin Afirka ta Yamma da kuma arewacin Afirka (Fatar Hausa ta yi kuskure a Turai ta tsakiyar Turai da fata ta Moroko ). Sau da yawa ana siffanta su da suturar launin shuɗi na Indigo da alamu wanda ya sa aka yi musu lakabin "bluemen". A al'adance sun hau kan kyawawan raƙuma da dawakai na sahara . An dade ana amfani da fasahar rini a yankin Hausa na yammacin Afirka tsawon shekaru aru-aru tare da fitattun ramukan rini na indigo da ke cikin birnin Kano da kewaye . Tufafin da aka rina sai an saka su cikin kayan gargajiya. An ba da shawarar cewa waɗannan fasahohin Afirka sun kasance abin sha'awa ga rinayen rini waɗanda aka gano da salon hippie .

Tufafin gargajiya na Hausa ya ƙunshi riguna da wando. Tufafin suna da manyan ramuka a bangarorin biyu don iska. Wutar tana da laushi a saman da tsakiya, amma tana da ƙarfi a kusa da kafafu. Takalma na fata da turbans suma suna da kyau. Ana iya gane maza da sauƙi saboda tufafinsu masu kyau: Babban riga da aka sani da Babban riga wanda aka fi sani da wasu sunaye daban-daban saboda daidaitawa da kabilun da ke kusa da Hausa (duba Babban Riga / Gandora). Wadannan manyan riguna masu gudana yawanci suna da zane-zane masu kyau a kusa da wuyan da yankin kirji. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]   Sun kuma sanya wata irin riga mai suna tagguwa (dogo da gajere zamewa). Al’adar baka dangane da tagguwa ita ce zamanin da Hausawa ke amfani da ganye da fatar dabba wajen rufe al’aurarsu, wani mutum mai suna Guwa ya yanke shawarar yanke tsakiyar fatar dabbar ya sanya ta kamar riga maimakon ya rufe al’aurarsa kawai. Mutanen da ke kusa da Guwa sun yi sha'awar sabon salonsa kuma suka yanke shawarar yin kwafi. Sun kira ta 'Ta Guwa', ma'ana "kamar Guwa". Daga karshe ya samu ya zama Taguwa.

Maza kuma suna sanya kwalliya kala-kala da aka fi sani da hulba. Dangane da wurin da suke aiki, za su iya sanya rawani a kusa da wannan don rufe fuska, wanda ake kira Alasho . Ana iya gane matan da nannade da ake kira zani, wanda aka yi da kyalle kala-kala da aka fi sani da atampa ko Ankara, ( zuriyar da aka fara zayyana ne daga shahararrun dabarun Tie-dye da Hausawa suka yi shekaru aru-aru da su, suna da sunan Hausawa da sunan Accra babban birnin kasar Ghana a yanzu, kuma inda wata tsohuwar al’ummar kasuwancin Hausa ke rayuwa har yanzu). tare da rigar riga mai dacewa, daurin kai (kallabi) da shawl (Gyale).

Kamar sauran Musulmai da musamman Sahelians a cikin Yammacin Afirka, matan Hausa suna amfani da zane-zanen Henna (lalle) da aka fentin a hannu maimakon ƙusa-polish. Hadisin da aka raba tare da sauran masu magana da Afirka-Asia kamar Berbers, Habesha, (tsoffin) Masarawa da Larabawa, duka maza da mata na Hausa suna amfani da kohl ('kwalli') a kusa da idanu a matsayin inuwa ta ido, tare da yankin da ke ƙasa da ido yana karɓar layi mai kauri fiye da na saman. Har ila yau, kamar matan Berber, Bedouin, Zarma da Fulani, matan Hausa suna amfani da kohl don jaddada daidaitattun fuska. Ana yin wannan yawanci ta hanyar zana layin tsaye daga ƙasa da lebe zuwa gemu. Sauran kayayyaki na iya haɗawa da layi tare da gadar hanci, ko ƙananan ƙananan ƙuƙwalwa a kan kumatu.

Tufafin zamani na yau da kullum a cikin matan Hausawa

• 
  Kofar gidan rumfa
• 
  Kano Museum
• 
  tsohuwar Gobirau minaret Katsina
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  Gidan da aka gina a 1959. Hoton da aka ɗauka a Agadez, Nijar (1997)
• 
  Kofar fadar Sarkin Zariya (1962)
• 
  Fadar Mai Martaba Sarkin Dutse

Tufafin gargajiya na yau da kullun a cikin maza na Hausa

• 
  Aisha Buhari wearing Hausa clothes and hijab, which consists of the kallabi matching the dress cloth design, and gyale draped over the shoulder or front
• 
  Turai Yar'adua wearing atampa and dan kwali, note the henna designs on the fingertips instead of nail polish
• 
  Kannywood actress wearing gyale in Hausa style, along with henna applied on fingers
• 
  Maryam Booth, Kannywood actress

Gine-gine

  Gine-ginen ƙasar Hausa ƙila yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙanƙanta da aka sani a zamanin da. Yawancin masallatai da fadojinsu na farko suna da haske da launuka, ciki har da zane-zane masu ban sha'awa ko ƙayyadaddun alamomi da aka tsara su a cikin facade Wannan salon gine-ginen ana kiransa Tubali, wanda ke nufin gine-gine Hausa. An gina katangar birnin Kano na da da dadewa da nufin samar da tsaro ga al'ummar da ke karuwa. Sarki Gijimasu ne ya aza harsashin ginin katangar daga shekarar 1095 zuwa 1134 kuma an kammala shi a tsakiyar karni na 14. A cikin karni na 16, an kara fadada ganuwar zuwa matsayin da suke a yanzu. Ƙofofin sun tsufa kamar ganuwar kuma ana amfani da su wajen sarrafa motsin mutane a ciki da wajen birnin. Gine-ginen Hausawa na da amfani da busasshen bulo na laka a cikin gine-ginen kubik, gine-gine masu hawa da yawa ga jama'a, da yin amfani da fakitin da ke da alaka da ginin sojojinsu na baya, da farar stucco na gargajiya da filasta a gaban gida. A wasu lokuta ana iya ƙawata facades da zane-zanen taimako daban-daban, wani lokaci ana fentin su da launuka masu haske don isar da bayanai game da mazaunin.  

Wasanni

The Hausa culture is rich in traditional sporting events such as boxing (Dambe), stick fight (Takkai), wrestling (Kokowa) etc. that were originally organized to celebrate harvests but over the generations developed into sporting events for entertainment purposes.

Dambe

Dambe wani nau'i ne na fasaha na gargajiya wanda ke da alaƙa da mutanen Hausa na Yammacin Afirka. Asalinsa yana cike da asiri. Edward Powe, mai bincike kan al'adun wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya, ya fahimci kamanceceniya mai ban sha'awa a cikin matsayi da kuma hannayen hannu guda ɗaya na 'yan dambe na Hausa zuwa hotuna na' yan dambe na Masar na dā daga daular 12 da 13.

Asalinsa ya fara ne a tsakanin ƙananan ƙungiyoyin mahautan Hausawa, daga baya kuma ya bunƙasa ya zama wata hanya ta koyon aikin soja, sannan ta shiga harkokin wasanni ta hanyar zuriyar Arewacin Nijeriya. Ana fafatawa a zagaye uku ko kasa da haka wadanda ba su da iyaka. Zagaye yana ƙare idan an fitar da abokin hamayya, gwiwa, jiki ko hannun mayaki ya taɓa ƙasa, rashin aiki ko kuma ya dakatar da wani jami'i.

Babban makamin Dambe shine "maki", hannun da aka lulluɓe daga wuyan hannu zuwa gaban hannu a cikin manyan sutura na bandage na auduga wanda aka riƙe a wurin ta hanyar igiya da aka tsoma cikin gishiri kuma an ba da izinin bushewa don mafi girman lalacewar jiki a kan abokan adawar, yayin da ɗayan hannu, wanda aka riƙe shi a buɗe, ya zama "garkuwa" don kare kan mayaƙan daga bugawa na abokin adawar su ko kuma an yi amfani da shi don kama abokin adawar. Masu gwagwarmaya yawanci suna ƙare tare da rabuwa da fuska, karyewar jaw da hanci ko ma ci gaba da lalacewar kwakwalwa. Masu gwagwarmayar Dambe na iya karɓar kuɗi, shanu, kayan gona ko kayan ado a matsayin nasara amma gabaɗaya ana yaƙi da shi don shahara daga wakilcin garuruwa da dangin yaƙi.

Kwallon Dambe na gargajiya na Hausa da ake kira Dambe

Kyinkyinga (suya), sanannen kebab mai laushi, wanda mai sayar da titin Hausa na Ghana ya shirya a Ghana

Kilishi, abincin Hausa mai kama da jerky

Abinci na yau da kullun da mutanen Hausa ke shirya ya ƙunshi hatsi, kamar sorghum, millet, shinkafa, ko masara, waɗanda aka niƙa a cikin gari don nau'ikan jita-jita daban-daban. Wannan abincin an fi sani da shi a matsayin "buwo" a cikin harshen Hausa.

Yawancin lokaci, karin kumallo ya ƙunshi kek da dumplings da aka yi daga wake da aka dafa, wanda aka sani da kosai; ko kuma an yi shi daga garin alkama da aka tsoma na rana ɗaya, an dafa shi kuma an ba da shi tare da sukari ko chili, wanda aka fi sani da funkaso. Dukkanin wadannan kekuna za a iya ba da su tare da shinkafa da sukari da aka sani da Kunnu ko koko. Abincin rana ko abincin dare yawanci suna nuna babban burodi tare da miya da stew da aka sani da "buwo da miya". Sau da yawa ana shirya miya da stew tare da ƙasa ko Tumatir, albasa, da kayan yaji na gida.

Ana ƙara kayan yaji da sauran kayan lambu, kamar spinach, pumpkin, ko okra, a cikin miya yayin shirye-shirye. Ana shirya stew tare da nama, wanda zai iya haɗawa da naman awaki ko naman sa, amma ba naman alade ba, saboda ƙuntataccen abinci na Islama. Ana kuma ba da wake, peanuts, da madara a matsayin abinci mai gina jiki ga mutanen Hausa.

Mafi shahararren abincin nasa mai yiwuwa shi ne suya, wanda aka fi sani da tsire, abincin nama mai laushi da nama mai launi wanda shine sanannen abinci a sassa daban-daban na Najeriya kuma ana jin daɗinsa azaman kayan abinci a yawancin Yammacin Afirka kuma ya zama sanannen fasalin abincin Najeriya a cikin diaspora.

Wani busassun Suya ana kiransa Kilishi .

Littattafai

An rubuta harshen Hausa da rubutun Larabci da aka gyara, wanda aka fi sani da Ajami, tun kafin mulkin mallaka. Rubutun farko na Hausa Ajami tare da ingantaccen kwanan wata shine Ruwayar Annabi Musa na masanin Kano Abdullahi Suka, wanda ya rayu a cikin 1600s. Ana iya ganin wannan rubutun a cikin tarin gidan kayan tarihi na Jos. Sauran mashahuran malamai da waliyan darikar Sufaye daga Katsina da Danmarina da Danmasani sun yi wakokin Ajami da Larabci tun a farkon shekarun 1600. Sannu a hankali, an sami ƙaruwar rubuce-rubucen rubuce-rubucen Hausa na Ajami, waɗanda suka ƙaru a cikin ƙarni na sha takwas da sha tara har zuwa ƙarni na ashirin. Yayin da karni na goma sha tara ya kara samun kwarin guiwa a dalilin canjin Musulunci na Usman dan Fodio, shi kansa marubuci ne wanda ya kwadaitar da karatun boko da karatu, ga maza da mata, sakamakon haka da yawa daga cikin ‘ya’yansa mata suka fito a matsayin malamai da marubuta. [1] Buga littafin Ajami a yau ya zarce da wallafe-wallafen Hausa, ko boko.

Wani yunkuri na wallafe-wallafen zamani wanda marubuta mata na Hausa suka jagoranta ya karu tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1980 lokacin da marubucin Balaraba Ramat Yakubu ya zama sananne. A cikin lokaci, marubutan sun haifar da wani nau'i na musamman da aka sani da wallafe-wallafen kasuwar Kano - saboda ana yawan buga littattafan da kansu kuma ana sayar da su a kasuwannin Najeriya. Yanayin rushewar waɗannan litattafan, waɗanda galibi wasan kwaikwayo ne na soyayya da na iyali waɗanda ba haka ba suna da wuyar samun su a cikin al'adar Hausa da salon rayuwa, sun sa su shahara, musamman tsakanin masu karatu mata. Ana kuma kiran nau'in littattafan soyayya, ko "littattafan soyayya".

Alamar Hausa

An gabatar da "Flag na kabilanci na Hausa" a cikin 1966 (bisa ga rahotanni na kan layi na shekara ta 2001). Yana nuna layi biyar a kwance - daga sama zuwa kasa a ja, rawaya, indigo blue, kore, da khaki beige. Wani tsoho kuma al'ada da aka kafa alama ta asalin Hausa, 'Dagin Arewa' ko maɓallin Arewa, a cikin siffar tauraro, ana amfani dashi a cikin gine-ginen tarihi, zane da zane.

Tarihin Hausawa cikakken bayani

Hausawa ɗaya ce daga cikin manya manyan al'ummomin Afrika, muammman a yankin arewa maso yammacin Najeriya, Arewa ta tsakiya, Niger, kamaru, Chadi da Ghana. Tarhin su ya samo asali tun ƙarni aru-aru, kafin zuwan turawa ko Musulunci.

Hausawa sun shahara a:

1. Asalin Hausawa

Akwai ra'ayoyi biyu da suka fi shahara game da asalin su:

a. Asalin Bayajidda

wannan shine tatsuniyar gargajiya da ta fi shahara a cikin kowane gida da masarautar hausa:

b. Asalin ƙabilr Afirka

masana tarihi suna ganin:

. Hausawa sun samo asali daga *wayewar sahel*

. Sun taso daga haɗuwar tsofaffin ƙabilu masu noma, kiwo da sanao'i

. Sun samar da birane tun ƙarni na 7 zuwa 9.

Wannan ra'ayi yana dogara da:

. Kayan tarihi,

. Tsarin rayuwa,

. Da harshen su wanda ke cikin rukunin Chadic languages.

2. Ginin Biranen Hausa ( Hausa bakwai)

Hausa bakwai sune mafiya muhimmanci a tarihin Hausawa:

1. Daura
2. Kano
3. Katsina
4. Zazzau (zaria)
5. Gobir
6. Rano
7. Biram

Akwai kuma: Banza Bakwai

. Zamfara

. Kebbi

. Gwari

. Yauri

. Kwararafa

. Nupe

. Ilorin

3. Tattalin Arziki da Kasuwanci

Hausawa sun yi fice a:

. Kasuwanci ta sahara

. Sana'ar gungume da ƙira

. Sana'ar ɗinki, zane, da tufafi

. Noma (hatsi, gero, dawa, wake)

. Kiwo

. Kasuwancin fata da auduga

Shahararrun kasuwanni:

. Kano: cibiyar zane, ƙarfe, da fata

. Katsina: cibiyar ilimi da kasuwanci

. Daura: cibiyar tarihi

. Zazzau: kasuwar bayi da kayan gona

Hausawa sun yi kaura zuwa kasashen Afirka saboda kasuwanci, wanda yasa ake samun Hausawa a:

. Nijar

. Kamaru

. Ghana

. Sudan

. Saudiyya

4. Shigowar Musulunci (ƙarni na 11-15)

Musulunci ya shigo Hausawa ne ta hanyar:

. 'Yan kasuwa daga sahara

. Malamai daga Mali da Songhai

. rubuce-rubuce na Larabci

Tarihin Musulunci:

. Karatun allo da makarantu

. Haƙƙoƙin aure da mu'amala

. Shari'ar Musulunci

. Gyaran masarauta

. Rubutun Ajami (Hausa da haruffa na larabci)

Daga baya masarautu suke zama cibiyar ilimi kamar:

. Katsina (masarautar ilimi)

. Kano (taron malamai da masu zane)

5. Daular Hausa kafin jihadi

kafin jihadi, masarautun Hausa sun kasance mai ƙarfi:

. Ƙarfafan haraji

. Cinikayya

. Yawan jama'a

. Rundunar sojoji

. Tituna da kasuwanni

Amma kuma akwai:

. Rasun adalci daga wasu sarakai

. Yawaitar cinikin bayi

. Faɗace-faɗace tsakanin masarautu

6. Jihadin Usman Ɗanfodiyo(1804-1808)

Dalilin jihadi:

. Buƙatar gyaran addini

. Rashin adalci daga sarakunan Hausa

. Cin hanci da zalunci

. Rarrabuwar kai

Sakamakon jihadi:

. Faɗuwar masarautu da dama

. Kafa Daular Sokoto

. Ayyukan ilimi sun ƙaru

. Shari'ar Musulunci ta bunƙasa

Daular Sokoto ita ce:

. Daular Musulunci mafi girma a yammacin Afirka

. Ta kunshi kano, Katsina, Zazzau, Sokoto, Bauchi, Adamawa da sauransu

7. Zuwan Turawa da Mulkin Mallaka (1903-1960)

Bayan shekaru, Turawan Birtaniya sun karya Daular Sokoto a 1903.

Abubuwan da Birtaniya ta canza:

. Sarakunan suna mulki amma suna biyayya ga Turawa (Indirect Rule)

. Haraji

. Sabon tsarin karatu (boko)

. Tituna da kasashe

8. Bayan Mulkin Mallaka zuwa Zamani

Bayan samun 'yanci a 1960:

. Hausawa sun taka rawa a siyasa, gwamnati, kasuwanci ,da addini.

. Arewa ta samar da shugabannin da dama kamar:

. Ahmadu Bello

. Tafawa Balewa

. Murtal Mohammed

. Muhammadu Buhari

. Umaru musa Yar'adua

. Sauran manyan jagorori

Hausawa a yau:

. Su ne daya daga cikin ƙabilu mafiya yawan jama'a a Afirka

. Hausawa suna da:

. Fina-finai (Kannywood)

. Waƙoƙi (shata, Naziru, Hamisu breaker)

. Sanao'i

. Kasuwanci a Afirka da Larabawa

. Harshen Hausa yana daga cikin fitattun harsunan Afirka bayan Arabic, swahili, da Amharci

. Ana amfani da shi a gidajen Rediyo da talabijin har ma a ƙasashen waje

9. Muhimmancin Hausawa ga duniya

Hausawa sun taka rawa a:

. Tarhin Musulunci

. Cinikayyar sahara

. Adabi da kiɗa

. Tsarin birane

. Faɗakarwar addini

. Kasuwanci a Afirka

. zani na yau (film, social media, kiɗa)

. Ilimin fasaha

10. A taƙaice

Tarihin hausa ya ginu ne akan:

. Tsohuwar wayewa

. Gine-ginen birane

. Musulunci

. Ilimi

. Kasuwanci

. Jihadi da mulkin daula

. Mulkin Mallaka

. Taka rawa a siyasar Najeriya da Afirka

Dubi kuma

• Harshen Hausa
• Masarautun Hausa
• Gine-gine na Hausa
• Labarin gargajiya na Hausa
• Jerin mutanen Hausa
• Waƙoƙin Hausa
• Ranar Hausa