Duba tsatso na Ibn al-Haytham

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'''Ḥasan Ibn al-Haytham''' ( Latinized as '''Alhazen''' {{IPAc-en|æ|l|ˈ|h|æ|z|ən}} suna {{Transl|ar|ALA|Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan ibn al-Ḥasan ibn al-Haytham}} {{Lang|ar|أبو علي، الحسن بن الحسن بن الهيثم}} ; {{Circa|965|1040}} ) masani ne [[Ilimin lissafi a duniyar Islama ta tsakiya|na lissafi]], [[Ilimin taurari a duniyar Islama ta tsakiyar zamani|masanin ilmin taurari]], kuma masanin kimiyyar Physics [[Zamanin Zinare na Musulunci|na Musulunci]] daga Iraki ta yau. <ref>Also ''Alhacen'', ''Avennathan'', ''Avenetan'', etc.; the identity of "Alhazen" with Ibn al-Haytham al-Basri "was identified towards the end of the 19th century". </ref>   <ref name="Vernet 1996 788">For the description of his main fields, see e.g. {{Harvard citation no brackets|Vernet|1996}} ("He is one of the principal Arab mathematicians and, without any doubt, the best physicist.") {{Harvard citation no brackets|Sabra|2008}}, {{Harvard citation no brackets|Kalin|Ayduz|Dagli|2009}} ("Ibn al-Ḥaytam was an eminent eleventh-century Arab optician, geometer, arithmetician, algebraist, astronomer, and engineer."), {{Harvard citation no brackets|Dallal|1999}} ("Ibn al-Haytham (d.&nbsp;1039), known in the West as Alhazan, was a leading Arab mathematician, astronomer, and physicist. His optical compendium, Kitab al-Manazir, is the greatest medieval work on optics.")</ref> Wanda ake kiranshi da 
[[Fayil:Ibn al-Haytham, Sayr mulhimah min al-Sharq wa-al-Gharb.png|thumb|Ibn al-Haytham]]
a matsayin Baban fasahar gani ta zamani (kyamar) ani", <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Masic |first=Izet |date=2008 |title=Ibn al-Haitham--father of optics and describer of vision theory. |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/23286650 |journal=Medicinski Arhiv |volume=62 |issue=3 |pages=183–188 |pmid=18822953}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=International Year of Light: Ibn al Haytham, pioneer of modern optics celebrated at UNESCO |url=https://en.unesco.org/news/international-year-light-ibn-al-haytham-pioneer-modern-optics-celebrated-unesco |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150918044445/https://en.unesco.org/news/international-year-light-ibn-al-haytham-pioneer-modern-optics-celebrated-unesco |archive-date=18 September 2015 |access-date=2 June 2018 |website=UNESCO |language=en}}</ref>  ya ba da gudummawa sosakan abinda ya shafi in gani da hangen nesa musamman. Babban littafin sa mai suna ''Kitāb al-Manāẓir'' ( [[Larabci]] : {{Lang|ar|كتاب المناظر}}, "Littafin Optics"), wanda aka rubuta a lokacin 1011-1021, wanda aka buga shi a cikin bugun Latin. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Selin|2008}}: "The three most recognizable Islamic contributors to meteorology were: the Alexandrian mathematician/ astronomer Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen 965–1039), the Arab-speaking Persian physician Ibn Sina (Avicenna 980–1037), and the Spanish Moorish physician/jurist Ibn Rushd (Averroes; 1126–1198)." He has been dubbed the "father of modern optics" by the </ref> Ishaku Newton, Johannes Kepler, Christian Huygens, da Galileo Galilei sun yi ta ambaton ayyukan Alhazen a lokacin juyin juya halin kimiyya.


Ibn al-Haytham shi ne farkon wanda ya bayyana yadda za'a ƙirƙira kyamara wadda za'a iya hangowa daga nesa,  kuma ya yi jayayya cewa hangen nesa yana faruwa a cikin kwakwalwa, yana mai nuni da abubuwan da aka lura cewa abin da ke tattare da shi ne kuma abin da ya shafi kwarewar mutum. {{Sfn|Baker|2012}} Ya kuma bayyana ka'idar mafi ƙarancin lokaci don hango wanda daga baya zai zama an ɗauka. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rashed |first=Roshdi |date=2019-04-01 |title=Fermat et le principe du moindre temps |journal=Comptes Rendus Mécanique |volume=347 |issue=4 |pages=357–364 |bibcode=2019CRMec.347..357R |doi=10.1016/j.crme.2019.03.010 |issn=1631-0721 |s2cid=145904123 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ya ba da  gudummawa mai girma ga catoptrics da dioptrics ta hanyar nazarin tunani, refraction da yanayin hotuna da aka tattara ta hanyar haske. Ibn al-Haytham ya kasance farkon ma'abocin ra'ayin cewa dole ne a goyi bayan hasashen ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje bisa tabbatattun hanyoyin da za a iya tabbatar da su ko kuma dalilai na lissafi - farkon majagaba a cikin hanyar kimiyya ƙarni biyar kafin masana kimiyya na Renaissance, <ref>[[Nomanul Haq|Haq, Syed]] (2009). </ref> <ref>[[G. J. Toomer]]. </ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=International Year of Light – Ibn Al-Haytham and the Legacy of Arabic Optics |url=http://www.light2015.org/Home/ScienceStories/1000-Years-of-Arabic-Optics.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001171116/http://www.light2015.org/Home/ScienceStories/1000-Years-of-Arabic-Optics.html |archive-date=1 October 2014 |access-date=4 January 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gorini |first=Rosanna |date=October 2003 |title=Al-Haytham the man of experience. First steps in the science of vision |url=http://www.ishim.net/ishimj/4/10.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=53–55 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.ishim.net/ishimj/4/10.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |access-date=25 September 2008}}</ref> Wani lokaci ana kwatanta shi a matsayin "masanin kimiyya na farko na duniya". Har ila yau ya kasance mai ilimin lissafi, yayi rubutu akan [[falsafa]], tiyoloji da likitanci. <ref>[[Roshdi Rashed]], ''Ibn al-Haytham's Geometrical Methods and the Philosophy of Mathematics: A History of Arabic Sciences and Mathematics, Volume 5'', Routledge (2017), p. 635</ref>
[[Fayil:Hazan.png|thumb|Ibn al-Haytham]]
An haife shi a [[Basra]], ya shafe mafi yawan shekarunsa na hazakarsa a babban birnin [[Halifancin Fatimid|Fatimid]] na [[Kairo|Alkahira]] kuma ya samu rayuwarsa wajen rubuta littafai daban-daban da koyar da mutane. <ref>According to [[Al-Qifti]]. </ref> Ibn al-Haytham wani lokaci ana kiran sa ''al-Basri'' bayan wurin haihuwarsa, <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|O'Connor|Robertson|1999}}</ref> ko ''al-Miṣri'' ("Basaraken"). <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|O'Connor|Robertson|1999}}</ref> <ref>Disputed: {{Harvard citation no brackets|Corbin|1993}}.</ref> An yi wa Al-Haytham laƙabi da " Ptolemy na Biyu" na Abu'l-Hasan Bayhaqi <ref name="bayhaqi">Noted by [[Abu'l-Hasan Bayhaqi]] (c. 1097–1169), and by
</ref> da kuma "Mai ilimin lissafi" na John Peckham . <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Lindberg|1967}}:"Peckham continually bows to the authority of Alhazen, whom he cites as "the Author" or "the Physicist"."</ref> Ibn al-Haytham ya share fagen ilimin zamani na kimiyyar gani da ido (wato ta yadda za'a iya ɗaukar hoto).  a taƙaice shine mutum na farko da ya ƙirƙira kyamara, ko kuma ya tabbatar da samuwar kyamara.

== Manazarta ==
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