Duba tsatso na Jami'ar Fort Hare

{{databox}}
'''Jami'ar Fort Hare''' jami'a ce ta jama'a a Alice, Eastern Cape, [[Afirka ta Kudu]] .

Ya kasance babban ma'aikatar ilimi mafi girma ga 'yan Afirka daga 1916 zuwa 1959 lokacin da ya ba da ilimin ilimi na Yamma ga ɗalibai daga ko'ina cikin Afirka ta kudu da Sahara, yana haifar da ƙwararrun Afirka. Tsoffin ɗaliban Fort Hare sun kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyoyin 'yancin kai da gwamnatocin sabbin ƙasashen Afirka masu zaman kansu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHE {{!}} Council on Higher Education {{!}} Regulatory body for Higher Education in South Africa {{!}} Education {{!}} Innovation {{!}} University {{!}} South Africa |url=https://www.che.ac.za/#/moreitemdetails |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524181407/https://www.che.ac.za/#/moreitemdetails |archive-date=24 May 2020 |access-date=2020-05-25 |website=che.ac.za}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Fort Hare {{!}} National Institute for the Humanities and Social Sciences (NIHSS) |url=https://www.nihss.ac.za/content/university-fort-hare |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170814222618/http://www.nihss.ac.za/content/university-fort-hare |archive-date=14 August 2017 |access-date=2020-05-25 |website=nihss.ac.za}}</ref>

A shekara ta 1959, tsarin wariyar launin fata ya haɗa jami'ar, amma yanzu tana cikin tsarin ilimi na Afirka ta Kudu bayan wariyar launinariya. Ita ce alma mater na sanannun mutane ciki har da [[Nelson Mandela]], [[Desmond Tutu]], Robert Sobukwe, Oliver Tambo, da sauransu.

== Tarihi ==
[[Fayil:Fort_hare,_old_building_-_rsa.jpg|thumb|Union Hall a Jami'ar Fort Hare]]
Asalinsa, Fort Hare wani sansanin soja ne na Burtaniya a cikin yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin Mazauna Burtaniya da Xhosa na karni na 19. Wasu daga cikin rushewar sansanin har yanzu suna bayyane a yau, da kuma kaburbura na wasu daga cikin sojojin Burtaniya da suka mutu yayin aiki a can.

A cikin shekarun 1830, an gina Cibiyar Mishan ta Lovedale kusa da Fort Hare . <ref name="Maaba">{{Cite journal |last=Maaba |first=Brown Bavusile |date=2001 |title=The Archives of the Pan Africanist Congress and the Black Consciousness-Orientated Movements |journal=History in Africa |volume=28 |pages=417–438 |doi=10.2307/3172227 |jstor=3172227 |s2cid=145241623}}</ref>:{{Rp|419}} James Stewart, daya daga cikin shugabannin mishan, ya ba da shawarar a 1878 cewa ana buƙatar ƙirƙirar ma'aikata don ilimi mafi girma na ɗaliban baƙar fata.[1]<ref name="Maaba" />: 419 Koyaya, bai rayu ba don ganin ra'ayinsa ya fara aiki [1]: 419 lokacin da, a 1916, aka kafa Fort Hare tare da Alexander Kerr a matsayin shugabanta na farko. D. D. T. Jabavu shine ma'aikacin baƙar fata na farko wanda ya ba da lacca a cikin yarukan [[Harshen Latin|Latin]] da Afirka.[1]<ref name="Maaba" />: 419 Dangane da ka'idodin Kirista, kudaden sun kasance ƙasa kuma an tallafa musu sosai. Hakanan akwai tallafin karatu da yawa ga ɗalibai marasa galihu.

Fort Hare yana da ƙungiyoyi da yawa a cikin shekaru kafin ya zama jami'a da kansa. Da farko an kira shi '''Kwalejin 'yan asalin Afirka ta Kudu''' ko Kwalejin' Yan asalin Fort Hare <ref name=":16">{{Citation|journal=Leslie J.}}</ref> kuma an haɗa shi da [[Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu]]. <ref name="Maaba">{{Cite journal |last=Maaba |first=Brown Bavusile |date=2001 |title=The Archives of the Pan Africanist Congress and the Black Consciousness-Orientated Movements |journal=History in Africa |volume=28 |pages=417–438 |doi=10.2307/3172227 |jstor=3172227 |s2cid=145241623}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFMaaba2001">Maaba, Brown Bavusile (2001). </cite></ref>:{{Rp|419}} Daga nan ya zama '''Kwalejin Jami'ar Fort Hare''' kuma yana da alaƙa da Jami'ar Rhodes.[2]<ref name="Maaba" />: 419 Tare da gabatar da wariyar launin fata, manyan cibiyoyin ilimi a Afirka ta Kudu an ware su sosai tare da layin launin fata; baƙi a baya sun tafi aji tare da Indiyawa, masu launi da 'yan fararen ɗalibai. Daga 1953 makarantar ta zama wani ɓangare na tsarin ilimin Bantu, kuma tare da wucewar Dokar Gabatar da Gwamnatin Kai ta Bantu a 1959, an sanya shi ƙasa kuma an raba shi tare da launin fata da kabilanci, kuma an ƙarfafa koyarwa a cikin harsunan Afirka maimakon Turanci. Fort Hare ya zama jami'ar baƙar fata a cikin kansa a cikin 1970, wanda gwamnatin jihar ke sarrafawa sosai.[2] : 419 {{Rp|419}}
[[File:University_of_Fort_Hare_100_years.svg|thumb|Alamar cika shekaru dari a cikin 2016]]
Ya kasance babban ma'aikata a ilimi mafi girma ga baƙar fata na Afirka daga 1916 zuwa 1959. Ya ba da ilimin ilimi na Yammacin Turai ga ɗalibai daga ko'ina cikin Afirka ta kudu da Sahara, yana haifar da ƙwararrun baƙar fata na Afirka. Tsoffin jami'an Fort Hare sun kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyoyin 'yancin kai da gwamnatocin sabbin ƙasashen Afirka masu zaman kansu. Daga cikin wadanda suka yi karatu a Fort Hare wadanda daga baya suka zama shugabannin kasashensu sune Kenneth Kaunda, Seretse Khama, Yusuf Lule, Julius Nyerere, [[Robert Mugabe]] da Joshua Nkomo .
[[Fayil:FortHareUniversityArchives.JPG|thumb|Tarihin motsi na 'yanci]]
Manyan abokan adawar mulkin wariyar launin fata da suka halarci sun hada da [[Nelson Mandela]], Govan Mbeki da Oliver Tambo na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka, Mangosuthu Buthelezi na Inkatha Freedom Party, Robert Sobukwe na Majalisar Dattijai ta Pan Africanist, da [[Desmond Tutu]] . Mandela, wanda ya yi karatun Latin da kimiyyar lissafi a can kusan shekaru biyu a cikin shekarun 1940, ya bar ma'aikatar sakamakon rikici da shugaban kwaleji. Daga baya ya rubuta a cikin tarihin kansa: "Ga matasa baƙar fata na Afirka ta Kudu kamar ni, Oxford ne da Cambridge, Harvard da Yale, duk sun rufa cikin ɗaya. "

Bayan karshen wariyar launin fata, Oliver Tambo ya zama shugaban jami'ar a shekarar 1991. A shekara ta 2005, an ba Jami'ar Fort Hare lambar yabo ta Order of the Baobab in Gold don "Hadin gwiwar musamman ga horar da Black ilimi da ci gaban jagoranci a nahiyar Afirka".

== Jami'ar ==
[[Fayil:FortHareUniversityLawFaculty.JPG|thumb|Kwalejin Shari'a]]
Babban harabar jami'ar tana cikin Alice kusa da Kogin Tyhume . Yana cikin Lardin Gabashin Cape kimanin kilomita 50 a yammacin Garin Sarki William, a cikin yankin da aka sani da "mai zaman kansa" jihar Ciskei. &nbsp;A cikin shekara ta 2011, harabar Alice tana da dalibai 6400. An gina harabar ta biyu a babban birnin lardin Gabashin Cape na Bhisho a cikin 1990 kuma tana karbar bakuncin 'yan dalibai ɗari, yayin da harabar a Gabashin London, wanda aka samu ta hanyar hadewa a cikin 2004, tana da dalibai 4300.

Jami'ar tana da fannoni biyar (Ilimi, Shari'a, Gudanarwa & Kasuwanci, Kimiyya & Aikin Gona, Kimiyya da Jama'a) dukansu suna ba da cancanta har zuwa matakin digiri.

=== Shirye-shiryen dabarun ===
Bayan wani lokaci na raguwa a cikin shekarun 1990, an nada Derrick Swarts mataimakin shugaban jami'a tare da aikin sake kafa jami'ar a kan tushe mai kyau.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2022}}Shirin da Swarts ya ƙaddamar shine shirin dabarun UFH na 2000. An tsara shirin ne don magance yanayin kudi na jami'ar da kuma ingancin ilimi a lokaci guda. An mayar da hankali ga jami'ar kuma saboda haka fannoni biyar sun kasance:

* Ilimi
* Kimiyya da noma
* Kimiyya ta zamantakewa da bil'adama
* Gudanarwa da kasuwanci
* Dokar

[[Fayil:FortHareUniversityRugby.JPG|thumb|Filin wasanni da tafkin yin iyo]]
[[Fayil:FortHareDeBeersArtGallery1.JPG|thumb|Gidan zane-zane na Fort Hare De Beers]]
Ci gaba da rage mayar da hankali, an kafa cibiyoyi 14 don magance takamaiman batutuwa, kamar UNESCO Oliver Tambo Chair of Human Rights. Ta hanyar wurin da suke cibiyoyin suna da damar zuwa yankunan karkara marasa galihu, kuma saboda haka ana mai da hankali kan rawar da bincike ke takawa wajen inganta ingancin rayuwa da ci gaban tattalin arziki (kuma musamman samar da aiki mai ɗorewa). Daga cikin shirye-shiryen fadakarwa, [[Telkom Centre of Excellence|Cibiyar Kwarewar Telkom]] tana kula da " dakin gwaje-gwaje mai rai" na makarantu huɗu a [[Dwesa]] a kan Wild Coast, waɗanda suka gabatar da dakunan gwaje-gaje na kwamfuta da damar intanet zuwa yankunan da har zuwa 2005 ba su da wutar lantarki.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2022}}Ayyukan da aka yi a Dwesa suna mai da hankali kan bincike kan Bayani da Sadarwa don Ci gaba (ICD).

Haɗakar da tsohon harabar Jami'ar Rhodes a Gabashin Landan a shekara ta 2004 ya ba jami'ar tushe na birni da tushe na bakin teku a karon farko. Ci gaban da ci gaba a wannan harabar sun kasance masu sauri. Ci gaban farko na sabuwar jami'ar da ke da yawa an jagoranta ta hanyar shirin shekaru uku; a halin yanzu jami'ar tana bin sabon "Tsarin dabarun 2009-2016", wanda aka shirya don ɗaukar ma'aikatar zuwa shekara ɗari.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |'''Lokaci Mafi Girma Ilimi Matsayi 2024'''
|-
!Shekara
!Matsayi na Duniya
|-
|2024
|1201–1500
|-
| colspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-20 |title=World University Rankings 2024 (South Africa) |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2024/world-ranking#!/length/25/locations/ZAF/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=Times Higher Education (THE) |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== Shahararrun ɗalibai ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Sunan
!DoB - DoD
!Bayani
|-
|Dokta Maurice Robert Joseph Peters
|23 ga Yuli 1899 - 31 ga Agusta 1959
|Dokta na farko na Indiya ta Kudu, ya kammala karatun MBChB daga Jami'ar Edinburgh a 1926.
|-
|Milner Langa Kabane
|18 Yuni 1900 - 1945
|Malami, Shugaban farko na asali a Kwalejin Lovedale, Dan siyasa na Afirka ta Kudu, SA Bill of Rights majagaba: 1943.<ref>Republic of South Africa, The Presidency, National Orders Booklet, 2017.</ref><ref>Africans Claims in South Africa, Alfred Bathini Xuma, 1943</ref><ref>African Native College Calendar, Thirteenth year, 1928. </ref>
|-
|Z. K. Matthews
|20 ga Oktoba 1901 - 11 ga Mayu 1968
|Ya koyar a Fort Hare daga 1936 zuwa 1959
|-
|Archibald Campbell Jordan
|30 ga Oktoba 1906 - 20 ga Oktoba 1968
|Mawallafi, wanda ya fara nazarin Afirka
|-
|Govan Mbeki
|9 ga Yulin 1910 - 30 ga Agusta 2001
|Dan siyasa na Afirka ta Kudu
|-
|Yusuf Lule
|10 Afrilu 1912 - 21 Janairu 1985
|Shugaban rikon kwarya na [[Uganda]] 1979
|-
|Cedric Phatudi
|27 Mayu 1912 - 7 Oktoba 1987
|Tsohon Babban Ministan -" data-linkid="228" href="./Lebowa" id="mw4g" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Lebowa">Lebowa 1972-1987
|-
|Kaiser Matanzima
|15 Yuni 1915 - 15 Yuni 2003
|Shugaban bantustan Transkei
|-
|Mary Malahlela
|2 ga Mayu 1916 - 8 ga Mayu 1981
|Likita baƙar fata ta farko a Afirka ta Kudu
|-
|Oliver Tambo
|27 ga Oktoba 1917 - 24 ga Afrilu 1993
|Mai fafutukar jam'iyyar African National Congress, an kore shi yayin da yake karatun digiri na biyu
|-
|[[Nelson Mandela]]
|18 ga Yulin 1918 - 5 ga Disamba 2013
|Tsohon Shugaban Afirka ta Kudu; an kore shi kuma daga baya ya halarci [[Jami'ar Witwatersrand]] amma bai kammala karatu ba
|-
|Charles Njonjo
|23 Janairu 1920 - 2 Janairu 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-02 |title=Sir Charles Njonjo dead at 101 |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/sir-charles-njonjo-dead-at-101-3669828 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102094554/https://nation.africa/kenya/news/sir-charles-njonjo-dead-at-101-3669828 |archive-date=2 January 2022 |access-date=2022-01-02 |website=Nation |language=en}}</ref>
|Tsohon Babban Lauyan Kenya da Tsohon Ministan Shari'a a Kenya
|-
|[[Lionel Ngakane]]
|17 ga Yulin 1920 - 26 ga Nuwamba 2003
|Mai shirya fina-finai na Afirka ta Kudu
|-
|Seretse Khama
|1 ga Yulin 1921 - 13 ga Yulin 1980
|Shugaban farko na [[Botswana]]
|-
|Julius Nyerere
|19 ga Yulin 1922 - 14 ga Oktoba 1999
|Shugaban farko na [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]]
|-
|Herbert Chitepo
|15 Yuni 1923 - 18 Maris 1975
|Shugaban ZANU
|-
|[[Robert Mugabe]]
|21 Fabrairu 1924 - 6 Satumba 2019
|Tsohon Shugaban [[Zimbabwe]], ya halarci 1949-1951
|-
|Kenneth Kaunda
|28 Afrilu 1924 - 17 Yuni 2021
|Shugaban farko na [[Zambiya|Zambia]]
|-
|Can Themba
|21 Yuni 1924 - 1968
|Marubucin Afirka ta Kudu kuma daya daga cikin "Drum Boys" wanda ya yi aiki ga Drum (mujallar ga baƙar fata na birane
|-
|Robert Sobukwe
|5 Disamba 1924 - 27 Fabrairu 1978
|Wanda ya kafa Majalisar Pan AfricanistTaron Pan Africanist
|-
|Alfred Nzo
|19 Yuni 1925 - 13 Janairu 2000
|Dan siyasa na Afirka ta Kudu
|-
|Munyua Waiyaki
|12 Disamba 1926 - 26 Afrilu 2017
|Tsohon Ministan Harkokin Waje na Kenya
|-
|Allan Hendrickse
|22 ga Oktoba 1927 - 16 ga Maris 2005
|Dan siyasa, mai wa'azi, kuma malami
|-
|Mangosuthu Buthelezi
|27 ga Agusta 1928 - 9 ga Satumba 2023
|Shugaban Jam'iyyar Inkatha Freedom, bai taba kammala karatu ba amma ya koma Jami'ar Natal. Shugaba na KwaZulu Bantustan a cikin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu
|-
|[[Leepile Moshweu Taunyane]]
|14 Disamba 1928 - 30 Oktoba 2013
|Rayuwa Shugaban Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Firimiya, Shugaban Kungiyar Malamai ta Afirka ta Kudu
|-
|[[Desmond Tutu]]
|7 ga Oktoba 1931 - 26 ga Disamba 2021
|Archbishop Emeritus, mai fafutukar zaman lafiya na Afirka ta Kudu, Chaplain a Fort Hare a 1967-1969. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Nobel Peace Prize 1984 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1984/tutu/cv/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911060109/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1984/tutu/cv/ |archive-date=11 September 2019 |access-date=27 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
|Frank Mdlalose
|29 Nuwamba 1931 - 4 Afrilu 2021
|Firayim Minista na farko na KwaZulu-NatalFirayim Minista na KwaZulu-Natal
|-
|Fabian Defu Ribeiro
|19 Yuni 1933 - 1 Disamba 1986
|Likitan Afirka ta Kudu kuma mai fafutukar adawa da wariyar launin fata
|-
|Ivy Matsepe-Casaburri
|18 Satumba 1937 - 6 Afrilu 2009
|Ministan Sadarwa, Afirka ta Kudu
|-
|Manto Tshabalala-Msimang
|9 ga Oktoba 1940 - 16 ga Disamba 2009
|Ministan Lafiya na Afirka ta Kudu
|-
|Chris Hani
|28 Yuni 1942 - 10 Afrilu 1993
|Shugaba na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Afirka ta Kudu - An kore shi, daga baya ya kammala karatu a Jami'ar Rhodes
|-
|Mai hikima Nkuhlu
|5 Fabrairu 1944 -
|Mai ba da shawara kan tattalin arziki ga tsohon shugaban kasar Thabo Mbeki, Shugaban NEPAD
|-
|Makhenkesi Arnold Stofile
|27 Disamba 1944 - 15 Agusta 2016
|tsohon Ministan Wasanni na Afirka ta Kudu
|-
|Sam Nolutshungu
|15 ga Afrilu 1945 - 12 ga Agusta 1997
|Masanin Afirka ta Kudu
|-
|Nyameko Barney Pityana
|7 ga Agusta 1945 -
|lauya da masanin tauhidi, tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu
|-
|Sabelo Phama
|31 Maris 1949 - 9 Fabrairu 1994
|Dan siyasa na Afirka ta Kudu kuma Sakataren Tsaro a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya
|-
|Bulelani Ngcuka
|2 ga Mayu 1954 -
|Tsohon Darakta na Shari'a na Afirka ta KuduDaraktan Masu Shari'a na Jama'a
|-
|[[Loyiso Nongxa]]
|22 ga Oktoba 1954 -
|Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Witwatersrand
|-
|Thandi Ndlovu
|1954/1955 - 24 ga Janairu 2019
|Likitan likitan Afirka ta Kudu kuma 'yar kasuwa
|-
|Yusufu Diescho
|10 Afrilu 1955 -
|Mawallafin Namibiya
|-
|John Hlophe
|1 ga Janairu 1959 -
|Alkalin Shugaban Babban Kotun Lardin Cape
|-
|[[Zara Thruster]]
|15 ga Yulin 1977 -
|Patenting nerve regeneration fili "18-MĆ" cire daga tushen ''[[Alepidea amatymbica]]'' shuka
|-
|Dokta Mgwebi Snail[[Mgwebi Snail|Kwando na Mgwebi]]
|12 ga Oktoba 1952 -
|Masanin tarihin Afirka ta Kudu, ɗan siyasa Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC) da Mawallafi
|-
|Wandile Sihlobo
|16 ga Oktoba 1990
|Masanin tattalin arzikin noma na Afirka ta Kudu da kuma mai ba da shawara kan ci gaban karkara na gwamnati
|-
|Archie Mafeje
|30 Maris 1936-28 Maris 2007
|Masanin ilimin ɗan adam kuma mai fafutuka wanda ke da hannu a cikin MafejeMafeje Affair
|}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]