Duba tsatso na Masana A Hadarin (SAR)

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[[Fayil:Scholars at Risk Logo.png|thumb|Tambarin '''Masana a Hadarin''']]
'''Masana a Hadarin (SAR)''' ne a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] na tushen kasa da kasa na cibiyar sadarwa na ilimi cibiyoyin shirya ga goyon baya da kuma kare ka'idojin 'yancin samun ilmi , kuma don kare [[Hakkokin ɗan'adam|hakkin dan Adam]] na malamai a duniya. Membobin ƙungiyar sun haɗa da cibiyoyin ilimi sama da 530 a cikin ƙasashe 42. 

== Tarihi ==
An kafa Malamai masu Hadari a lokacin shirin [[Hakkokin ɗan'adam|Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam]] a Jami'ar [[Chicago]] a shekarata 1999 inda aka fara tare da babban taro a watan Yunin 2000. Yana da hedkwatarsa a cikin harabar Greenwich Village na Jami'ar New York . Rob Quinn shine darektan Masana a Hadarin. 
[[File:Anne_Frank_Awards_2017_(37160905931).jpg|thumb| ''Masana cikin Hadari sun'' karɓi kyautar Anne Frank Award 2017 -darector Rob Quinn]]
In 2001, Scholars at Risk joined with other international education and human rights organizations to launch the Network for Education and Academic Rights (NEAR).  When NEAR disbanded SAR continued this work through its Academic Freedom Media Review, Scholars-in-Prison Project and Academic Freedom Monitoring Project.

A cikin shekarata 2002, SAR tayi aiki tare da Cibiyar Ilimi ta Duniya wacce aka kafa Asusun Ceto Masanin Ilimi na IIE.  Asusun na bayar da tallafin kudi ga malaman da ke fuskantar mummunar barazana ta yadda za su iya tserewa daga mummunan yanayi kuma su ci gaba da aikin karatunsu cikin aminci. 

A cikin shekarata 2003, hedokwatar cibiyar sadarwar ta ƙaura daga Jami'ar Chicago zuwa harabar [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]] na Jami'ar New York.  A cikin 2005, SAR da abokan haɗin gwiwa sun fara shirya 'sassan' SAR da 'cibiyoyin sadarwar abokan hulɗa' a duk duniya, gina al'umma a duniya sun yi alƙawarin taimakawa masana da haɓaka freedomancin ilimi a ko'ina. 

Daga shekarata 2007 zuwa shekarar 2010, SAR ta jagoranci jerin bitoci don samar da aminci, buɗaɗɗen taro don masana da masu ba da shawara daga ko'ina cikin duniya don tattaunawa kan girman yanki na 'yanci na ilimi da ƙalubalen da aka fuskanta, da haɓaka haɓaka martani. Waɗannan sun haifar da ci gaban tsarin karatun 'yanci na ilimi kuma a cikin 2011 zuwa kungiyoyin wucin gadin yancin Ilimi, waɗanda suka yi bincike game da kariya ga freedomancin ilimi a ƙarƙashin dokar' yancin ɗan adam ta duniya . 

A shekarata 2012, SAR launched the Academic Freedom Monitoring Project, through which volunteer researchers document attacks on higher education in specific countries or regions which are then published in a report. The first ''Free to Think'' report was published in 2015 and since then it has been published annually.

A cikin shekarata 2014, SAR ta sake ƙaddamar da Seminar Ba da Shawarar Studentalibai, wani yunƙuri wanda ta hanyar masu binciken malamai ke taimaka wa ɗalibai haɓaka ci gaba da dabarun bayar da shawarwari yayin binciken hare-hare kan al'ummomin ilimi. 

== Ayyuka ==
An shirya ayyukan SAR a ƙarƙashin manyan ginshiƙai guda uku: Kariya, Ba da Shawara da Ilmantarwa. 

=== Kariya ===
SAR ta shirya wuraren zama na mafaka a jami'o'i da kwalejoji a cikin hanyar sadarwa don masu hankali waɗanda ke guje wa zalunci da tashin hankali. Ana tura malamai zuwa cibiyar sadarwar don kimantawa, din taimakon juna. 

=== Shawara ===
Masu ilmi a Hadarin suna ba da shawara a madadin masana ilimi, marubuta, masu zane-zane, da sauran masu hankali waɗanda ke fuskantar barazanar a cikin ƙasashensu. SAR ta shirya kamfen na duniya don tallafawa malamai da ɗaliban da ke kurkuku.  Yana shigar da ɗalibai a cikin Seminar Ba da Shawarar Studentalibai da kuma Cibiyoyin Shari'a don koyon ainihin binciken duniya da ƙwarewar ba da shawara. Adam Braver a Jami'ar Roger Williams shine Mai Gudanar da Seminar da'awar. A cikin ranakun Bayar da Shawarar Studentalibai na Amurka suma an shirya su.  SAR kuma tana gudanar da bincike tare da cibiyar yanar gizo na masu bincike na sa kai don Tsarin Kula da 'Yanci na Ilimi. 

==== Tsarin Kula da 'Yanci na Ilimi ====
Aikin sa ido ya tattara da bayanai game da ayyana hare-hare kan ilimi mafi girma.  Waɗannan an tattara su ta hanyar masu bayar da gudummawa waɗanda ke ba da rahoto da nazarin abubuwan da suka faru, bin diddigin tushe da shaidu da kuma taimakawa wajen samar da martanin bayar da shawarwari.  Kowace shekara ana buga rahoton 'Yanci don tunani da ke nuna waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru. 

=== Koyo ===
SAR tana shirya abubuwa da yawa waɗanda ke tallafawa koyo game da yancin ilimi, kamar taron shekara-shekara na Duniya,  taron karawa juna ilimi / masu bincike, jerin masu magana da kakakin SAR, ƙungiyoyin bincike, bita kan inganta ƙimar ilimi mai girma. SAR kwanan nan ta kirkiro MOOC mai suna Tambayoyi masu Hadari tare da haɗin gwiwar Jami'ar Oslo . 

== Wasu malamai waɗanda SAR suka bayar da shawarwari ko suke bayarwa ==

* Abdulqadir Jalaleddin, China
* Ahmadreza Djalali, Iran
* Gokarakonda Naga Saibaba, India
* Hatoon Al-Fassi, Saudi Arabia
* Ilham Tohti, Iran
* Khalil Al-Halwachi, Bahrain
* Sivasubramaniam Raveendranath, Sri Lanka
* Niloufar Bayani, Iran
* Nasser bin Ghaith, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa
* Omid Kokabee, Iran
* Patrick George Zaki, Misira
* Rahile Dawut, China
* Tashpolat Tiyip, China
* Xiyue Wang, Iran

== Tsarin ==
In 2003, the network headquarters relocated from the University of Chicago to the New York City campus of New York University. In 2018 a European office was opened in Ireland at Maynooth University. SAR has sections in different countries which coordinate activities of SAR members in that country.

=== SAR Sashe ===
A cikin shekarata 2005, SAR da abokan haɗin gwiwa sun fara shirya 'sassan' SAR da 'cibiyoyin sadarwar abokan hulɗa' a duk duniya, gina al'umma a duniya sun yi alƙawarin taimakawa masana da haɓaka yancin ilimi a ko'ina. An kafa sassan SAR a cikin Isra'ila (2005, yanzu yana barci), United Kingdom (2006, tare da CARA), Netherlands (2009, tare da UAF), Ireland (2009, tare da Jami'o'in Ireland), Norway (2011), Kanada (2012), Switzerland (2015), [[Sweden]] (2016), Jamus (2016), Finland (2017), Amurka (2018), Denmark (2019), Italia (2019), da Slovakia (2019), yayin da aka kafa cibiyoyin haɗin gwiwa tare da pre -wadatar cibiyoyin ilimi mafi girma a Turai, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Afirka. 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Sashe
! Shekarar kafa
|-
| SAR Kanada 
| 2012
|-
| SAR Amurka 
| 2018
|-
| SAR Norway 
| 2011
|-
| CARA-SAR UK Jami'o'in sadarwa 
|
|-
|SAR Ireland 
| 2009
|-
| SAR Sweden 
| 2016
|-
| SAR Switzerland 
| 2017
|-
| UAF-SAR Netherlands da Belgium 
|
|-
|SAR Jamus 
| 2016
|-
| SAR Finland  
| 2017
|-
| SAR Denmark 
| 2019
|-
| SAR Italia 
| 2019
|-
| SAR Slovakia 
| 2019
|}

== Haɗin kai da haɗin gwiwa ==
Masana cikin Hadari suna kula da alaƙa da haɗin gwiwa tare da sauran ƙungiyoyi da ƙungiyoyi tare da manufofi masu alaƙa.

Zuwa yau, SAR ta ƙirƙiri Hanyoyin Sadarwar Abokin Hulɗa masu zuwa:

Kungiyar Tarayyar Turai ta EUA-SAR: Tare da mambobi 850 a duk faɗin ƙasashe 47, Universityungiyar Jami’ar Turai ita ce mafi girma kuma mafi girman ƙungiyar wakiltar jami’o’i a Turai. Millionalibai miliyan 17 sun shiga cikin jami'o'in membobin EUA. A matsayin muryar jami'o'in Turai, EUA tana tallafawa da ciyar da muradin ɗaiɗaikun makarantu da kuma fannin ilimi gabaɗaya. 

Magna Charta Observatory: A watan Satumbar ma shekarata 2015, Masana a Risk da Magna Charta sun yarda da ƙirƙirar hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da jami'o'in 802 a cikin ƙasashe 85.

Kamfanin Sadarwar Abokin Hulɗa na UNICA-SAR: UNICA cibiyar sadarwa ce ta jami’o’i 46 daga manyan biranen 35 na Turai. Matsayinta shine haɓaka ingantaccen ilimi, haɗakawa da haɗin kai tsakanin jami'o'in membobi a ko'ina cikin Turai. Hakanan yana neman kasancewa jagora mai haɓaka ci gaban aikin Bologna da kuma sauƙaƙe haɗakar jami'o'i daga Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai zuwa Yankin Ilimi mafi girma na Turai. 

Poungiyar Compostela ta Jami'o'in : An kafa ta a cikin 1993, poungiyar Jami'o'in Compostela ƙungiya ce ta ba da agaji ta duniya wacce yanzu ta ƙunshi fiye da jami'o'i 60 a cikin ƙasashe 27. CGU na neman ƙarfafa hanyoyin sadarwa tsakanin membobin jami'o'inta; tsara abubuwan da za a yi nazari da tattaunawa kan batutuwa daban-daban da suka shafi ilimi mafi girma na duniya; da inganta motsi da haɗin kai tsakanin membobi a matsayin tushen inganta ilimin al'adu da yare.

Communauté Université Grenoble Alpes: Communauté Université Grenoble Alpes (COMUE) ya haɗu da SAR a matsayin hanyar haɗin gwiwa a cikin Janairu 2017. An kafa COMUE a Faransa a watan Disamba na 2014 kuma ya ƙunshi mambobi shida da haɗin gwiwar manyan makarantu huɗu. Manufarsa ita ce ƙirƙirar jami'ar bincike ta fannoni daban-daban tare da babban martabar ƙasashen duniya da haɗin gida mai ƙarfi wanda ke kirkirar jama'a.

swissuniversities: A cikin 2012, jami'o'i, jami'o'in ilimin kimiyya da jami'o'in ilimin malanta a duk faɗin Switzerland sun kafa swissuniversities, ƙungiyar da aka keɓe don ƙarfafawa da haɓaka haɗin kai tsakanin cibiyoyin ilimi na Switzerland da haɓaka murya ɗaya a kan al'amuran ilimi. swissuniversities kuma suna daidaita ayyuka da aiki a matakin ƙasa kamar yadda taron ƙasashen Switzerland na rectors na membobinsa 30 da ƙari  . .

Makarantun Koyon Ilimin Fasaha da Kimiyya na Switzerland : Makarantun koyon aikin sun hada kansu musamman don daidaita tattaunawa tsakanin kimiyya da al'umma, kuma suna ba da shawara ga siyasa da zamantakewar al'umma dangane da al'amuran da suka shafi kimiyya wadanda suka dace da al'umma. Suna wakiltar ilimin kimiyya a duk faɗin cibiyoyi da horo. An kafa shi a cikin ƙungiyar masana kimiyya, suna da damar samun ƙwarewa da ƙwarewa don haka suna iya ba da takamaiman ilimi ga mahimman tambayoyin siyasa

Orungiyar Hadin gwiwar Ilimi ta Arewacin Amurka : Consungiyar Hadin gwiwar Ilimin Arewacin Amurka (CONAHEC) tana haɓaka haɗin gwiwa tsakanin cibiyoyi, ƙungiyoyi da hukumomin manyan makarantu a Kanada, Mexico, Amurka, da kuma duniya baki ɗaya. CONAHEC na haɓaka shirye-shirye da damar ilimi don shirya ƙwararrun masanan duniya waɗanda ke iya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban yankin da ingantacciyar duniya.

Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimi da Ilimi Mai Kyau (ARES): Kamar yadda tarayyar jami’o’in Faransanci a yankin Wallonie da ke kudancin Belgium, ARES ke tsara ayyukan manyan cibiyoyin ilimi 127. ARES tana tallafawa sa hannu da haɓaka ci gaban cibiyoyin membobinta a cikin haɗin gwiwa na cikin gida da na duniya ta hanyar inganta hangen nesa na duniya game da ilimin firamare.

Hijira ta Duniya, Haɗuwa da Hadin Kan Jama'a (IMISCOE): IMISCOE cibiyar sadarwa ce ta Turai ta masana a fannin ƙaura da haɗin kai kuma tana aiki da bincike da bugawa na kwatancen waɗanda aka buga a cikin jerin littattafan IMISCOE da mujallar ''CMS.'' IMISCOE yana da asusun haɗin kai kuma yana amfani da shi don tallafawa cibiyoyin membobinsu don karɓar bakuncin masu bincike a ƙarƙashin barazanar. Don wannan ya zama memba na SAR.  IMISCOE na ba da gudummawa ga horar da matasa masu bincike da musayar su a duk Turai. Hakanan, IMISCOE yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a tattaunawar tsakanin masu bincike da al'umma (siyasa, siyasa, ƙungiyoyin jama'a).

Studentsungiyar Studentsasashen Turai (ESU): Studentsungiyar Studentsalibai ta Turai (ESU) ita ce ƙawancen ƙungiyar 46 Unungiyoyin Studentsungiyoyin Studentsalibai (NUS) 46 daga ƙasashe 39. Manufar ESU ita ce wakilta da haɓaka bukatun ilimi, zamantakewa, tattalin arziki da al'adu na ɗalibai a matakin Turai zuwa ga dukkanin ƙungiyoyin da suka dace kuma musamman Unionungiyar Tarayyar Turai, Bologna Follow Up Group, Majalisar Turai da UNESCO. Ta hanyar membobinta, ESU tana wakiltar kusan ɗalibai miliyan 15 a Turai. 

Mexungiyar Meziko ta Ilimi ta Duniya (AMPEI): Mexungiyar Mexico ta Ilimi ta Duniya (Asociación Mexicana para la Educación Internacional) ƙungiya ce mai ba da riba wacce ke da niyyar ƙarfafa ƙimar ilimin ilimi na manyan makarantun Mexico na manyan makarantu ta hanyar ƙasashen duniya da haɗin gwiwar duniya.

Associationungiyar ofasa ta Duniya ta Jami'o'in La Salle (IALU): IALU ingantaccen kayan aiki ne don ƙarfafa Ilimi mafi girma na Lasallian, haɓaka ci gaban jami'o'in a cikin hanyar sadarwar sa da ƙarfafa mutum da haɗin kai game da tsammanin da buƙatun da aka gabatar wa jami'o'i. 

== Duba kuma ==

* 'Yancin Ilimi
* Majalisar don Nazarin Ilimin Haɗari
* Asusun Ceto Masanin
* Kwamitin Masana Masana kimiyya

== Bayani ==
 

== Hanyoyin haɗin waje ==

* {{Official website}}
* {{Facebook|pages/Scholars-at-Risk/228730320487174}}
* [http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/030403/scholars-at-risk.shtml Scholars at Risk Network schedules conference, visit by Egyptian scholar]
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