Sallar Matafiyi (Qasaru)
An shar’anta wa matafiyi yin qasarun sallloli masu raka’a hudu (Azzahar, La’asar,Isha)zuwa raka’a biyu,haka kuma zai iya hada sallar azzahar da la’asar,margarita da isha,saboda fadin Allah Madaukakin Sarki : (Idan kuka yi tafiya a bayan qasa to babu laifi a kanku ku rage (qasaru) sallah,in kuna jin tsoron kada wadanda suka kafirta su fitine ku,haqiqa kafirai maqiyanku ne masu bayyana qiyayya)
suratul An nisa’i aya ta 101 Da abin da ya tabbata daga Anas Dan Malik Allah ya yarda da shi ya ce, “Mun fita tare da Manzon Allah (S.A.W) daga Madinah zuwa Makkah,ya kasance yana mana sallah raka’a bibiyu,har muka dawo” Nasa’i ne ya rawaito shi. Abin Da Ake Nufi Da Tafiya ”Ita ce duk tafiyar da za a kirawo ta tafiya a al’adance,to wannan tafiya za a yi mata qasaru
MATSAYIN SALLAR QASARU. An samu sabani tsakanin Malamai akan cewa sallar kasaru Ruksa ce wato mutum na da zabi akan ya yi ta ko kuma ya cika sallah. ko Azima wato dole mutum yayi ta bai da zabi. To anan Imamiyya da Hanafiyya sun tafi akan cewa Azima ce,wato in dai tafiya ta kama mutum,kuma ta cika sharuddan sallar kasaru,to dole kasarun zai yi. Amma a mazhabar malikiyya, shafi’iyya da Hanbaliyya sun tafi akan cewa sallar kasaru Ruksa ce, wato a tafiya a wajensu mutum na da zabi ko yayi kasarun ko ya cika. Amma duka mazahabobin sun yi ittifaki akan cewa sallah mai raka’a 4 ake ma kasaru wato sallar zuhur,asar da kuma isha’i,sallar magriba da kuma asuba su ba a yi masu
SHARUDDAN SALLAR QASARU Akwai sharudda wadanda sai sun kasance ne matafiyi zai iya yin sallar kasaru sune: 1. Sharadine tsawon tafiyar ya kai kilomita 45,zuwa ko dawowa ko kuma zuwa da dawowa amma nan da sharadin cewa kada zuwan ya kasa rabin tsawon tafiyar,misali kilomita 20 sai dai sama da haka,kamar zuwan ya kasance kilomita 25,amma fa nan ana nufin ga mas’alar zuwa da dawowa ne. 2. Sharadine ya kasance lokacin da mutum ya fita ya zamanto yayi niyyar yin wannan tsawon tafiya wato ta kilomita 45.Da ace misali yayi niyyar tafiya kasa da haka kamar ace kilomita 20 ne garin da zai je,to da yaje can sai kuma yayi niyyar zuwa wani gari misali ace garin kilomita 30 tsakaninsu,to anan duk zai dunga cika sallah ne,sai dai wajen dawowa zai yi sallar kasaru ne,in yayi niyyar keto wadannan kilomitoci duka. 3. Sharadine ya kasance mutum ya dawwama ga niyyarsa ta tsawon tafiyar.Da ace misali ya fita da nufin zai yi tafiya zuwa wani gari,kuma garin ya kai kilomita 45 ko sama da haka,to sai da ya kai tsakiyar tafiyar sai ya fasa,ko kuma ya kama taraddudi akan ya ci gaba da tafiyar ko ya dawo,to a wannan yana yi na taraddudi ko fasa tafiyar in zai yi sallah a lokacin cikawa zai yi ba kasaru ba. 4. 4-Sharadine ya zamo tafiyar a shari’ance ta kasance ta halal,amma da zai kasance tafiya ce wadda mutum zai je ya aikata zunubi misali ace zai je ya aikata wani aiki na fasikanci ko sata to a nan ba zai yi kasaru ba,cika sallah zai yi. 5. Sharadine kafin ya soma yin kasaru sai ya kai in da ake ce ma “Haddu Tarakkus” wato kamar bayan gari ta yadda mutum ya de na jin rugugin garin.Kamar yadda idan mutum zai yi tafiya wadda ta kai ma ayi kasaru,ba da ga gida zai soma yin kasarun ba,to haka nan cin abinci misali a lokacin watan Ramadan idan zai yi tafiya har sai ya kai wannan haddu tarakkus zai soma ci ba da gida ba,amma in ya dawo daga tafiya ne to wannan ba kome daga gida din. Haka nan idan mutum ya dawo daga tafiya sallar kasaru tana yenkewa ne idan ya kawo haddi-tarakkus,saboda haka da ace zai yi sallah a wannan waje cikawa zai yi. 6. Sharadine kada ya kasance daga cikin wadanda suke tafiya itace aikinsu kamar misali masu sana’ar tukin mota wato su basa kasaru,cika sallah zasu dunga yi. DALILAN DAKE YANKE SALLAR QASARU Sallar kasaru tana yankewa a waje uku sune: 1. Mutum yabi ta garinsu,wato idan mutum na tafiya misali ya fito daga wani gari zashi wani gari to idan ya biyo ta garin da yake zaune,to a garin nasu kasaru ta yanke masa har sai ya bar garin ya ci gaba da tafiya. 2. Ko kuma yaje wani gari da niyyar zai kwana goma a garin to shima kasaru ta yenke masa. 3. Taraddudi a waje guda har tsawon kwana 30 WADANDA SALLAR QASARU BATA HAU KANSU BA Akwai wadanda suke gasu matafiyane amma a shari’a zasu dunga cika sallah ne ba kasaru ba,daga cikinsu akwai mai yawon kasuwanci wato mutumin da yake kasuwanci daga wannan gari zuwa wancan gari. Daga cikinsu akwai masu sana’ar tukin mota ko jirgin sama ko na ruwa,amma anan ana nufin wadanda suke tafiya garuruwa. Daga cikinsu akwai ma’aikaci misali yana zaune a wani gari, amma kuma yana zuwa wani gari dabam aiki ,ko da ko zuwa aikin ba kullum yake zuwa ba,indai zai je aikin so daya a mako ko kwana goma. Daga cikin su akwai masu yin kiwo,wato kamar Fulani masu kiwo daga wannan waje zuwa wannan waje. To duka wadannan da aka ambata zasu dunga cika sallane a tafiye-tafiyensu,haka kuma idan a watan Ramadan ne zasu dunga yin azumi,ko da ma ba watan Ramadan ba suna iya yin azumi kamar na nafila da makamantansu. Sai dai wani tambihi anan shine da ace zasu yi tafiya wadda bata da alaka da irin wadannan ayyuka nasu to zasu yi kasaru ne a tafiyar,misali ma’akaci da yake zuwa wani gari aiki,sai ya zamanto yanzu zai je wani gari amma bata aikin ba misali ziyarace zai kai ga danginsa ko ga wasu,ko kuma mai tukin mota ace tafiyar da zai yi bata aikin tukin motar bace,ta wani abuce dabam to a irin wannan tafiye-tafiye kasaru zasu yi ba cikawa ba. Haka nan wani tambihi muhimmi anan shine wadannan mutane da shari’a ta sauke masu sallar kasar,to tafiyarsu ta farko da ta biyu duk kasaru zasu yi sai a tafiya ta ukku zasu soma cika sallah. Misali anan shine ma’aikacin da yanzu ne zai fara aikin zuwa wani gari domin aiki a can ko kuma mai tukin mota yanzu ne zai fara sana’ar tukin. to anan tafiyarsu ta farko da ta biyu ba zasu cika sallah ba wato kasaru zasu yi,sai a tafiya ta ukku daga nan wannan hukunci ya hau kansu na cika sallah. HUKUNCIN NAFILA A SALLAR QASARU Sallolin nafilfili na sallar Azahar da La’asar sun fadi kan matafiyi wato ba zai yi su ba,amma na sallar Magariba da Isha’i da kuma Asuba zai yi su,a takaice dai nafilfili na yini ne ba zai yi ba,amma nafilfili na dare kamar sallar Tahajjud duka zai iya yi.Domin ana son ko wace rana in dai mutum ba yana halin tafiya bane ya zamanto yana sallah raka’a 51,kuma lizimtar wadannan raka’oi 51 yana daga cikin alamomin mu’umini,kamar yadda yazo a hadisi daga Imam Hasan al-askari.
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