Nisga'a Harshe

Nisga’a (kuma Nass, Nisgha, Nisg̱a’a, Nishka, Niska, Nishga, Nisqa’a) shine tushen harshen Sm’algya̱x na arewa maso yammacin British Columbia. Mutanen Nisga'a, duk da haka, ba sa son kalmar Tshimshian saboda suna jin cewa tana ba da fifiko ga Coast Tsimshian. Nisga'a yana da alaƙa sosai da Gitxsan. Lallai, masana harshe da yawa suna ɗaukar Nisga’a da Gitksan a matsayin yaruka na yaren Nass–Gitksan guda ɗaya. Gabaɗaya ana ɗaukar su biyun a matsayin harsuna dabam-dabam saboda nuna girmamawa ga rabuwar siyasa na ƙungiyoyin biyu.

Tarihi da Amfani

Kamar kusan duk sauran harsunan First Nations na British Columbia, Nisga'a harshe ne mai hatsari. A cikin Rahoton 2018 akan Matsayin B.C. Harsunan Al'ummar Farko, akwai masu iya magana 311 da kuma 294 masu koyon harshen aiki da aka ruwaito a cikin yawan jama'a 6,113.

Wani ɗan mishan na Anglican James Benjamin McCullagh ya gudanar da aikin yare na farko a Nisga’a, yana shirya fassarar wasu sassa na Littafi Mai Tsarki da Littafin Addu’a da aka buga a shekara ta 1890, da kuma littafin Nisga’a na ɗalibai da aka buga a shekara ta 1897. Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ilimin Kirista (SPCK). Waɗannan abubuwan sun haɗa da wasu sassa na Nassi.

Sauran sanannun takaddun yaren Nisga'a sun haɗa da 'A Short Practical Dictionary of the Gitksan Language' wanda Bruce Rigsby da Lonnie Hindle suka tattara, wanda aka buga a cikin 1973 a Juzu'i 7, fitowa ta 1 na Journal of Northwest Anthropology.A cikin wannan ƙamus ɗin, Rigsby ya ƙirƙiri haruffa masu sauƙi don Nisga'a waɗanda ake amfani da su sosai a yau.

Ƙoƙarin farfaɗowa

A cikin Janairu 2012, an fitar da Nisga’a app don iPhone da iPad kyauta.Kwanan nan, an samar da app ɗin don amfani akan Android. Aikace-aikacen Nisga'a ƙamus ne na harsuna biyu da tarin jimloli da aka adana a tushen bayanan Muryoyin Farko, albarkatun sun haɗa da rikodin sauti, hotuna da bidiyo.

Tun daga 1990, Majalisar Harshe da Al'adu ta Farko ta Farko ke ba da tallafi don farfado da harshe, fasaha da al'adun mutanen farko. An raba dala miliyan 20 don tallafawa ayyuka daban-daban, gami da farfado da harshen Nisga’a.A cikin 2003, gidan yanar gizon First Voices, an ƙirƙiri wani tarihin yaren kan layi don tallafawa takaddun harshe, koyar da harshe, da farfaɗowa.Muryoyin Farko na Nisga'a ana samun isa ga jama'a. Cibiyar Wilx̱o'oskwhl Nisg̱a'a ce ke sarrafa bayanai akan gidan yanar gizon. Albarkatun sun haɗa da haruffa, ƙamus na kan layi, littafin jimla, waƙoƙi, labarai, da wasannin kan layi masu mu'amala tare da sautuna, hotuna da bidiyo. An adana jimlar kalmomi 6092 da jimloli 6470 akan tashar Al'umma ta Nisga'a a Muryoyin Farko.

A cikin 1993, an kafa Cibiyar Wilx̱o'oskwhl Nisg̱a'a (WWNI) don ba da ilimin gaba da sakandare ga al'ummar Nisga'a da haɓaka haɓaka harshe da al'adu. Jami'ar Nisga'a ce-koleji da ke cikin kwarin Nass a Gitwinksihlkw a arewa maso yammacin gabar tekun British Columbia. WWNI wata kungiya ce da ke tafiyar da al'umma, kungiya mai zaman kanta wacce ke da alaƙa da Jami'ar Arewacin British Columbia, Kwalejin Al'umma ta Arewa maso Yamma, da Jami'ar Royal Roads. Shi ne kawai wurin da ɗalibai za su iya samun izini da takaddun shaida na kwasa-kwasan da shirye-shiryenta a cikin Nazarin Nisga'a.

Wani aiki na baya-bayan nan da ake kira "Tayar da Harshen Nisga'a, Sarauta, da Ilimin Ƙasa ta hanyar Ilimin sassaƙa na Gargajiya" (RNL) farfesa na Nisga'a Amy Parent a Jami'ar British Columbia da ke aiki tare da gwamnatin ƙauyen Laxgalts'ap ne suka fara. Zai shafe shekaru da yawa kuma yana da nufin haɗa fasahar gaskiya ta gaskiya tare da ilimin gargajiya a Nisga'a.