Toba Qom language

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Toba
'Yan asalin ƙasar  Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia
Ƙabilar Toba
Masu magana da asali
 31,580 (2011)[1] 
Guaicuruan
  • Kudancin
    • Toba
Matsayi na hukuma
Harshen 'yan tsiraru da aka sani a cikin
 
Lambobin harshe
ISO 639-3 tob
Glottolog toba1269
ELP Toba

Toba Qom yare ne na Guaicuruan da Mutanen Toba ke magana a Kudancin Amurka. An san yaren da sunaye daban-daban ciki har da Toba, Qom ko Kom, Chaco Sur, da Toba Sur. A Argentina, ya fi warwatse a yankunan gabashin lardunan Formosa da Chaco, inda yawancin kusan masu magana da WCD 19,810 (2000) ke zaune. Harshen ya bambanta da Toba-Pilagá da Paraguayan Toba-Maskoy . Har ila yau, akwai masu magana da Toba 146 a Bolivia inda aka san shi da Qom kuma a Paraguay inda aka saninsa da Qob ko Toba-Qom .

shekara ta 2010, lardin Chaco a Argentina ya ayyana Qom a matsayin daya daga cikin harsunan hukuma guda hudu tare da Mutanen Espanya da 'yan asalin Moqoit da Wiichi.

Tarihi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Yawancin 'yan asalin Chaco sun kasance makiyaya har zuwa karni na sha tara. Tattalin arzikin su ya dogara ne akan farauta da tarawa. An shirya su a cikin ƙungiyoyi da ake kira bandas (Spanish: "bands"), wanda ya ƙunshi ƙungiyar manyan iyalai. Sun kafa manyan kungiyoyi da ake kira kabilun (Spanish: "kabilun"), bisa ga bambancin yarensu, dangantakar iyali da aure. A cikin karni na ashirin, an tilasta musu yin aiki kuma wannan ya sa aka tura su zuwa yankuna daban-daban. [2] shine lokacin [3] suka fara zama a matsayin masu zaman kansu.

Iyalin Harshe[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Akwai iyalai bakwai na harsuna da harsuna biyu masu zaman kansu tsakanin harsuna daban-daban na asali a Chaco. Harshen Toba na cikin iyalin Guaycurú, tare da pilagá (lardin Formosa), mocoví (Kudancin Chaco da Arewacin Santa Fe), da sauransu. A zamanin yau, akwai jayayya tsakanin masu ilimin harshe ko ana iya la'akari da waɗannan harsuna daban-daban, ko yare daban-daban saboda kamanceceniya da fahimta. Koyaya, yawancin harsunan asali a cikin Chaco ba daidai ba ne. Akwai bambance-bambance game da sauti da ƙamus. Don haka, masu magana suna lura da waɗannan bambance-bambance kuma wani lokacin sadarwa na iya shafar cikin al'umma. Wannan wani bangare ne saboda tasirin wasu harsuna.Kodayake yawancin al'ummomin 'yan asalin Chaco suna da harsuna biyu, tunda suna magana da yarensu na asali da harshen hukuma na ƙasar (Spanish, Portuguese ko Paraguayan Guaraní), ana iya ɗaukar yarensu na asalin su cikin haɗari saboda rashin watsawa daga tsara zuwa tsara. Yawancin 'yan asalin suna motsawa zuwa yankunan birane kuma ayyukansu da ayyukan zamantakewa suna buƙatar harshen ƙasar da suke zaune.Masu magana suna ɗaukar kansu a matsayin 'Qom' kuma yarensu a matsayin qom l'aqtaqa (harshe na Qom). Yawancin mutanen Qom suna zaune a lardunan Chaco da Formosa, Argentina. Akwai kuma al'ummomi a Santa, Rosario da Gran Buenos Aires. A cewar Klein 19781, [4] akwai nau'ikan yare daban-daban guda uku a cikin Harshen Toba: no'olxaxanaq a Pampa del Indio (Chaco), lañaxashec a Machagai (Chaco) da tacshec (Formosa).

Harshen harshe [5][gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Sunaye[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Wasu sunaye na iya aiki a matsayin adjectives ko sunaye. Misali:

  • Mutum - Talé
  • Mace - Aló
  • Kyakkyawan Noa nagarta - Noen
  • Rashin kyau ko mugunta - Scauen

Wani lokaci, ana ƙara ƙwayoyin ta zuwa adjective don haɗa shi da wakilin:

  1. ↑ "Toba". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2018-06-03.
  2. ↑ UNICEF y FUNPROEIB Andes.
  3. ↑ Messineo, C. (n.d.).
  4. ↑ Harriet E. Manelis Klein.
  5. ↑ Bárcena, A., & Alexander, L. Q. S. (1898).
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