Abaya
 Abaya | |
|---|---|
religious clothing (en)  | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
Tufafi, traditional costume (en) da outerwear (en) |
| Addini | Musulunci |
| Ƙasa | Irak |
| Indigenous to (en) | Gabas ta tsakiya da Yankin Larabawa |
| Intangible cultural heritage status (en) |
National List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of the Republic of Iraq (en) |
| Amfani wajen | mace |
Abaya (a zahiri kuma mafi yawanci, 'abāyah, musamman a cikin Larabci na Adabi: عباءة ʿaba'ah; jam'i عبايات ʿabāyāt, عباءات ʿaba'āt), wani lokaci kuma ana kiransa aba, mai sauƙi, sako-sako da riga-kamar riga, da gaske. tufafin da wasu mata ke sanyawa a duniyar musulmi ciki har da mafi yawansu Gabas ta Tsakiya, Arewacin Afirka, da wasu sassan Kahon Afirka.[1] Abaya na al'ada yawanci baƙar fata ne kuma yana iya zama babban fili na masana'anta wanda aka zube daga kafadu ko kai ko kuma dogon kaftan. Abaya yana rufe dukkan jiki sai kai (wani lokaci), kafafu, da hannaye. Ana iya sawa da nikab, mayafin fuska wanda ya rufe komai sai idanu. Wasu matan kuma suna sanya dogon safar hannu baƙar fata, don haka hannayensu a rufe suke. An saba sanya abaya a lokuta na musamman, kamar ziyarar masallatai, bukukuwan bukukuwan bukukuwan karamar Sallah da Idin Al-Adha, da kuma lokacin watan Ramadan mai alfarma.
Dalilin da ya sa aka yi amfani da shi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dalilin abaya sau da yawa ana danganta shi da kalaman Alkur'ani, "Ya Annabi, gaya wa matansu da 'ya'yanku mata, da mata masu imani, su rufe kansu da tufafi. Don haka za a gane su kuma babu lahani da zai zo musu" (Alkur'ani 33:59, wanda Ahmed Ali ya fassara). Sau da yawa ana ba da wannan ƙa'idar a matsayin gardama don sanya abaya.
Kasashe
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A waje da wasu jihohi kamar Saudi Arabia, Iraki, Yemen, UAE, Qatar da Pakistan [1] mata musulmai ba sa amfani da abaya. Abaya kuma tana nufin tufafi daban-daban a kasashe daban-daban. A cikin Jihohin Larabawa na Tekun Farisa, suna da launin baki.
Saudi Arabia
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A Saudi Arabia, ana buƙatar mata su rufe a fili. Koyaya, a watan Maris na shekara ta 2018, Yarima Mohammad bin Salman ya yi iƙirarin cewa mata na iya zaɓar abin da za su sa a cikin jama'a, idan ya cika wasu ƙa'idodi, lokacin da ya ce, "An bar shawarar gaba ɗaya ga mata su yanke shawarar irin tufafi masu kyau da girmamawa da ta zaɓa su sa".
Mata masu hidima a kasashen waje a Saudi Arabia
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Matukin jirgi na soja na Amurka Martha McSally ya wakilci Cibiyar Rutherford a cikin McSally v. Rumsfeld, karar da ta samu a shekara ta 2001 a kan Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Amurka, ta kalubalanci manufofin soja da ke buƙatar mata masu hidima na Amurka da Burtaniya da ke zaune a Saudi Arabia su sa abaya yayin tafiya daga tushe a kasar. [2]
A shekara ta 2002, Janar Tommy Franks, kwamandan rundunar tsakiya ta Amurka a lokacin, ya ba da sanarwar cewa ba za a sake buƙatar mata masu aikin soja na Amurka su sa abaya ba, kodayake za a "ƙarfafa" su yi hakan a matsayin nuna girmamawa ga al'adun yankin. Da yake tsokaci game da canjin, mai magana da yawun rundunar tsakiya Colonel Rick Thomas ya ce ba a yi shi ba saboda karar McSally amma an riga an "bincike" kafin a shigar da karar. McSally ta kasance tana aiki don canza manufofin shekaru da yawa kuma ta shigar da karar bayan an yi mata barazanar Kotun Soja idan ba ta bi ba.[3]
Har ila yau, a cikin shekara ta 2002, Majalisa ta Amurka ta zartar da dokar da ta hana kowa a cikin soja daga "buƙaci ko ƙarfafa mata masu hidima su sanya abayas a Saudi Arabia ko amfani da kuɗin masu biyan haraji don saya su".[4][5]
Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana amfani da Abayas a Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. Sau da yawa ana yin su da yadudduka kamar su crêpe, georgette, da chiffon da launuka masu haske kamar beige da fari waɗanda suka dace da yanayin ƙasar.
Indonesia
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Abaya a Indonesia yana ɗaukar salon musamman da ake kira "jilbab. " An haɗa shi da takalmin kai kuma sau da yawa yana da launi mai haske ko tsari, yana nuna al'adun Indonesiya masu ƙarfi.
Abayas an san su da sunaye daban-daban amma suna aiki iri ɗaya, wanda shine rufewa. Misalai na zamani yawanci caftans ne, yanke daga haske, yadudduka masu gudana kamar crepe, georgette, da chiffon. Sauran sanannun salon sune abaya a gaba da kuma abaya a gaban. Hanyoyi sun bambanta daga yanki zuwa yanki: wasu abayas suna da zane-zane a kan baƙar fata yayin da wasu suna da launi mai haske kuma suna da nau'ikan zane-zane daban-daban a dukansu.
Abaya haramta a makarantun Faransanci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A watan Agustan 2023, ministan ilimi na Faransa Gabriel Attal ya ce za a dakatar da abayas a makarantun jihohi yayin da suka karya "ka'idar secularism". A ranar 4 ga Satumba, ranar farko ta sabuwar shekara ta ilimi, makarantun Faransanci sun tura 'yan mata 67 gida saboda sun ki cire abayas.
Tasirin salon Yamma a cikin kayayyaki na abaya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A tsakiyar karni na 20, tasirin salon Yamma ya fara shiga cikin duniyar Larabawa. Wannan ya haifar da gagarumin canji a cikin ƙirar abaya. Duk da yake ainihin silhouette ya kasance iri ɗaya, an gabatar da sabbin masana'antu kamar siliki, chiffon, da lace. Masu zanen kaya sun fara gwaji tare da launuka, alamu, yanka, da kuma salo, haɗakar abubuwa na gargajiya tare da yanayin zamani.
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Shop Online for Best Deals on Fashion Abaya Hijab and More". abayahijabavenue.pk (in Turanci). 2024-06-15. Retrieved 2024-08-22.
- ↑ Vojdik, Valorie (Summer 2002). "The Invisibility of Gender in War". Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy. 9: 261–270. Archived from the original on March 6, 2011.
- ↑ Whitehead, John W. (2002). "No Abaya for McSally". Liberty Magazine. Archived from the original on July 14, 2020. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
- ↑ "H.R.4546 - Bob Stump National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003". United States Congress. December 2, 2002. Archived from the original on January 8, 2020. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
- ↑ De Wind, Dorian (February 21, 2011). "Should our Servicewomen in Afghanistan Have to Wear Headscarves?". The Moderate Voice. Archived from the original on April 29, 2011. Retrieved July 16, 2011.