Abubuwan al'ada masu barazana ga muhalli
 Abubuwan al'ada masu barazana ga muhalli |
|---|
Tarin abubuwan tarihi na al'adu sun ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa da aka sani suna da haɗari ga muhalli da lafiyar ɗan adam. Wasu abubuwa masu haɗari na iya zama wani ɓangare na abu (kamar launi mai guba ko samfurin ma'adanai na rediyoaktif na dabi'a), ana amfani da su azaman magani bayan an yi abin (kamar magungunan kashe kwari) ko sakamakon lalacewar abu (kamar fitar da abuban filastic daga polyvinyl chloride). Guba irin waɗannan abubuwa a cikin tarin gadon na iya tantance kimarsu ta tarihi da kimiyya. Saboda haka, sarrafa waɗannan kayan a cikin ƙungiyoyi masu tattarawa na iya zama sarƙaƙƙiya ta fuskar lafiya da aminci, dama rayuwa.
Waɗannan abubuwan yanzu suna wakiltar haɗari ga mutanen da ke aiki tare ko amfani da abubuwan tarin da abin ya shafa da kuma yin rikodi na amfani da waɗannan kayan na tsawon lokaci. Zubar da ko kawar da abubuwa masu haɗari daga tarin al'adu na iya zama tsada da ƙalubale na dabaru.
Yawancin abubuwa masu haɗari da aka samu a tarin al'adun gargajiya ana iya ƙila a rarraba su azaman Kaya masu Haɗari ko Shirye-shiryen Guba kuma ƙarƙashin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idoji game da siyarwa, ajiya, lakabi, sarrafa su, jigilar su, nuni da zubar da su, Ko watsar da su.
Abubuwa masu cutarwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An yi amfani da mai tsanani ko'ina azaman abin mai hana wuta, a cikin kayan kimiyya, masana'antu da na gida, sutura, da kayan aiki. Hakanan ana iya samun asbestos da aka haɗe da siminti da resins kuma ana saka su cikin yadudduka.,[1][2] Samfurin ma'adinai mai ɗauke da abu mai cutarwa na iya kasancewa a cikin tarihin halitta. Amintaccen kulawar abu Mai cutarwa an tsara shi sosai a yawancin ƙasashe,[3] misali Tsarin Abu mai cutarwa na Burtaniya a shekarata 2012.
Masu lalata
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana iya samun acid da alkalis a cikin sinadarai na masana'antu (misali na'urori masu haɓaka hoto), azaman abubuwan adanawa da ake amfani da su don samfuran tarihin halitta mai kiyaye ruwa (formalin) da a cikin batura.
Karfe masu nauyi (Lead, mercury, arsenic, da sauransu. )
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Lead ƙarfe ne mai laushi, mai yuwuwa wanda aka yi amfani da shi don dalilai daban-daban a cikin tarihi: azaman ƙari na abinci, launin fenti, ko solder, da yin tasoshin shan ruwa da kayan wasan gubar.
Ana iya samun Mercury a cikin kayan aikin kimiyya irin su ma'aunin zafi da sanyi, da kuma saura a kan fatun dabbobi, furs, da huluna inda aka yi amfani da shi wajen yin shiri. An kuma yi amfani da Mercuric chloride azaman maganin kashe kwari ko biocide, da dai wasu abubuwan.
Arsenic da mercury abubuwa ne masu haɗari na gama gari waɗanda aka samo a cikin riguna na tarihi da tarin masaku daga ƙarni na 18 da 19 kamar yadda ake amfani da shi wajen rini na yadi misali. Scheele's Green launi mai launin rawaya-koren, da masana'anta, yin hula.
kauri da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta
Kwayoyin cuta da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta (misali ƙwayoyin cuta) na iya kasancewa a saman abubuwan tattarawa, musamman waɗanda aka adana a cikin yanayi mai dumi da ɗanɗano.
Fenti, launi da rini
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An yi amfani da pigments masu guba da yawa da sauran kayan fenti, da yawa tun zamanin da. Alamomin masu guba sun haɗa da gubar, mercury, cadmium, cobalt, antimony da arsenic, da makamantan su.
Maganin kashe kwari da ciyawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tarin kayan tarihi na iya ƙunsar samfuran ainihin magungunan kashe qwari da na ciyawa (irin su mercuric chloride, paradichlorobenzene da DDT ) da kuma kayan tarihi da aka yi amfani da su da magungunan kashe qwari don hana cin zarafi daga ma'aikatan gidan kayan gargajiya da masu tattara fage musamman a cikin ƙarni na 18 har zuwa ƙarshen 20th. karni kamar yadda irin waɗannan jiyya an yi tunanin a al'adance wani bangare ne na kula da tarin gabaɗaya.”
Na biyun na iya hana shiga abubuwan tattarawa sai dai idan an cire ragowar sinadarai ko kuma a sarrafa su cikin aminci, saboda akwai kuma illolin da ke tattare da lafiyar ɗan adam da ke da alaƙa da yawancin magungunan kashe qwari. [4]
Da zarar magani na yau da kullun ga abubuwan da aka yi da kayan halitta (misali naman dabbobi da na kwari, suturar woolen, abubuwan da ke ɗauke da fiber na shuka, Jawo da gashin fuka-fukai), amfani da magungunan kashe qwari ya ragu sosai tare da haɓaka haɗin gwiwar sarrafa kwari azaman dabarun da zasu sarrafa tarin .
Naphthalene na ɗaya daga cikin ragowar magungunan kashe qwari da aka fi fuskantar da ake samu akan tarin kayan tarihi. A matsayin wani abu mai canzawa, yana iya jujjuya shi kuma ya sake yin kristal a saman da ke kusa.
Maganin kashe kwari na tushen Mercury (kamar mercuric chloride) na iya sakin tururin mercury, wanda zai iya gurɓata sauran abubuwan tarawa da saman kusa. Kula da matakan tururi ya nuna cewa huce rufaffiyar ma'ajiyar ajiya kafin amfani da ita yana rage iyakoki na iska zuwa iyakoki masu aminci. Sauran dabarun ragewa sun haɗa da rufe abubuwan tattara abubuwan da abin ya shafa a cikin guraben da aka yi daga shingen tururin gas da kuma amfani da kabad ɗin da aka hure maimakon katifofin da ake rufe don ajiya.
Robobi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wasu robobi masu lalacewa na iya haifar da samfuran acidic (kamar acetic acid daga fim ɗin acetate cellulose ko nitric acid daga fim ɗin nitrate cellulose), waɗanda ke haifar da haɗari ga waɗanda ke sarrafa abubuwan da abin ya shafa. Wasu suna fitar da robobi, irin su phthalates da aka fitar daga polyvinyl chloride ko biphenyl A (BPA).
Magunguna, guba da kwayoyi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Gidajen tarihi da yawa sun ƙunshi tarin tsofaffin magunguna da guba, waɗanda ke ɗauke da abubuwa waɗanda - ko da yake da an yi nufin warkarwa - na iya ƙunshi abubuwa masu haɗari ga mutane da muhalli. Don waɗannan dalilai kantin magani da magunguna-kawai a cikin tarin kayan tarihi na iya kasancewa ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin gida don ajiya da nunawa mutane.
Haske
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana iya samun ma'adinan rediyoaktif a cikin ilimin kimiyyar ma'adinai, ilmin halitta, da tarin ruwa, a cikin fenti na rediyoaktif akan fuskokin agogo da bugun kiran jirgin sama, a cikin kayan aikin likita da na tantancewa. Radiation a cikin tarin kayan tarihi dole ne a sarrafa shi sosai daidai da ƙa'idodin cikin gida.
Abubuwan narkewa da sunadarai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana iya samun nau'ikan sinadarai iri-iri a cikin tarin al'adun gargajiya, gami da abubuwan da ke haifar da iskar oxygen, abubuwa masu ƙonewa da masu ƙonewa, da sauran abubuwan kaushi waɗanda aka sani masu guba, cututtukan daji ko wasu tasirin lafiya. Dan haka Ana amfani da Ethanol da formalin don adana samfurori a cikin tarin tarihin halitta. Ana iya samun samfuran man fetur a cikin tarin kayan tarihi na masana'antu. Hakanan ana iya samun kaushi na halitta a cikin kayan kwalliya, magunguna, da sinadarai masu sarrafa hoto.
Cututtuka daga dabbobi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Cututtukan Zoonotic (waɗanda ake ɗauka daga dabbobi zuwa mutane) na iya kasancewa a cikin samfuran tarihin halitta ko abubuwan kayan tarihin da aka yi da samfuran dabbobi marasa sarrafawa.
Ci gaba da karatu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "A Hidden Legacy: The Importance of Asbestos Management in Museums, Ancient Collections and Historic Objects". 2019.
- ↑ Horak, J.; Faithfull, J.; Price, M.; Davidson, P. (2016). "Identifying and managing asbestiform minerals in geological collections". Journal of Natural Science Collections (in Turanci): 51–61.
- ↑ "Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012". www.hse.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 2021-11-10. Retrieved 2021-11-10.
- ↑ https://www.dhm.de/fileadmin/medien/relaunch/sammlung-und-forschung/Publikationen/Biozide_en_Ansicht.pdf