Albert Camus

Albert Camus
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Dréan (en) , 7 Nuwamba, 1913
ƙasa	Faransa
Mazauni	Faransa
Harshen uwa	Faransanci
Mutuwa	Villeblevin (mul) , 4 ga Janairu, 1960
Makwanci	Cemetery in Lourmarin (en)
Yanayin mutuwa	accidental death (en)  (single-vehicle accident (en) )
Ƴan uwa
Mahaifi	Lucien Auguste Camus
Abokiyar zama	Simone Hié (mul)  (16 ga Yuni, 1934 -  Satumba 1940) Francine Faure (mul)  (3 Disamba 1940 -  4 ga Janairu, 1960)
Ma'aurata	Blanche Balain (mul) María Casares (mul) Mamaine Koestler (mul) María Casares (mul) Catherine Sellers (mul) Mette Ivers (mul)
Yara	view Catherine Camus (mul) Jean Camus (en)
Karatu
Makaranta	Jami'ar Algiers 1 (1935 - Mayu 1936) : falsafa
Matakin karatu	licence (en) DES (en)
Harsuna	Faransanci
Sana'a
Sana'a	marubuci, mai falsafa, Marubuci, ɗan jarida, essayist (en) , marubucin wasannin kwaykwayo, French resistance fighter (en) , maiwaƙe, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa da dan jarida mai ra'ayin kansa
Hanya Ƙungiyoyi Shekaru Wasanni da ya/ta buga Ƙwallaye
Wurin aiki	Faris
Employers	Alger républicain (en)  (1938 -  1939) Le Soir républicain (en)  (1939 -  1940) Paris-Soir (mul)  (1940 -  1941) Combat (en)  (1943 -  1947) L'Express (en)  (1955 -  1956)
Muhimman ayyuka	L'Homme révolté (mul) A Happy Death (en) The Fall (en) The Myth of Sisyphus (en) The Stranger (en) The Plague (en) Albert Camus, María Casares. Correspondence (1944-1959) (en) Caligula (en) Neither Victims Nor Executioners (en)
Kyaututtuka	gani Nobel Prize in Literature  (1957) [[]]  (1946)
Ayyanawa daga	gani [[Nobel Prize in Literature (en) ]] (1949) [[Nobel Prize in Literature (en) ]] (1950) [[Nobel Prize in Literature (en) ]] (1952) [[Nobel Prize in Literature (en) ]] (1954) [[Nobel Prize in Literature (en) ]] (1955) [[Nobel Prize in Literature (en) ]] (1956) [[Nobel Prize in Literature (en) ]] (1957)
Wanda ya ja hankalinsa	Søren Kierkegaard, André Malraux (mul) , Plōtinos (mul) , Friedrich Nietzsche, Franz Kafka, Jean Grenier (mul) , André Gide (mul) , Fedor Dostoevsky, Lev Shestov (en) , Martin Heidegger, Karl Jaspers (en) , Simone de Beauvoir da Jean-Paul Sartre (mul)
Mamba	American Academy of Arts and Sciences (en) comité de lecture des éditions Gallimard (en)
Fafutuka	continental philosophy (en)
Aikin soja
Ya faɗaci	Yakin Duniya na II
Imani
Addini	mulhidanci
IMDb	nm0133411

Albert Camus an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, 1913 – 4 Janairu 1960) ɗan asalin ƙasar Aljeriya ne masanin falsafa, marubuci, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, ɗan jarida, ɗan tarayya na duniya, kuma ɗan gwagwarmayar siyasa. Ya kasance wanda ya samu kyautar Nobel a fannin adabi a shekarar 1957 yana da shekaru 44, wanda shi ne mafi karancin shekaru a tarihi. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da Baƙo, Annoba, Tatsuniyar Sisyphus, Faɗuwa da 'Yan tawaye .

An haifi Camus a Aljeriya ga iyayen pied-noir . Ya yi kuruciyarsa a unguwar matalauta kuma daga baya ya karanci falsafa a Jami'ar Algiers . Ya kasance a birnin Paris lokacin da Jamusawa suka mamaye Faransa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu a shekara ta 1940. Camus yayi kokarin guduwa amma daga karshe ya shiga Resistance na Faransa inda ya zama babban edita a Combat, wata haramtacciyar jarida. Bayan yakin, ya kasance shahararren mutum kuma ya ba da laccoci da yawa a duniya. Ya yi aure sau biyu amma yana da sha'anin aure da yawa. Camus yana siyasa ne; yana cikin bangaren hagu masu adawa da Joseph Stalin da Tarayyar Soviet saboda kama-karya da suka yi . Camus ya kasance mai ɗabi'a kuma ya karkata ga anarcho-syndicalism . Ya kasance cikin kungiyoyi da yawa da ke neman haɗin kan Turai . A lokacin yakin Aljeriya (1954 – 1962), ya tsaya tsayin daka, yana ba da shawarar al'adu da yawa da Aljeriya, matsayin da akasarin jam'iyyu suka yi watsi da shi.

A falsafa, ra'ayoyin Camus sun ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar falsafar da aka sani da rashin hankali . Wasu suna la'akari da aikin Camus don nuna masa cewa mai wanzuwa ne, ko da yake shi da kansa ya ƙi amincewa da kalmar a duk tsawon rayuwarsa.

Shekarun farko da ilimi

Katin gidan waya na ƙarni na 20 na Jami'ar Algiers

An haifi Albert Camus a ranar 7 ga watan Nuwamba 1913 a wata unguwa mai aiki a Mondovi ( Déan na yanzu), a cikin Aljeriya na Faransa . Mahaifiyarsa, Catherine Hélène Camus ( née Sintès ), Bafaranshe ne tare da zuriyar Balearic Mutanen Espanya. Kurma ce kuma ba ta iya karatu. Bai taɓa sanin mahaifinsa, Lucien Camus, wani matalauci ma'aikacin aikin gona na Faransa da aka kashe a cikin aiki yayin da yake hidima tare da tsarin Zouave a cikin Oktoba 1914, a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na 1 . Camus, mahaifiyarsa, da sauran dangi sun rayu ba tare da kayan kayan yau da kullun ba a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa a sashin Belcourt na Algiers . Camus wani Bafaranshe ne na ƙarni na biyu a Aljeriya, wanda ƙasar Faransa ce daga 1830 har zuwa 1962. Kakansa na uba, tare da wasu da yawa na zamaninsa, sun ƙaura zuwa Aljeriya don samun ingantacciyar rayuwa a cikin shekarun farko na ƙarni na 19. Saboda haka, an kira shi pied-noir - kalmar laƙabi ga mutanen Faransanci da sauran ƙasashen Turai waɗanda aka haifa a Aljeriya. Asalinsa da talauci sun yi tasiri sosai a rayuwarsa ta gaba. [ 5 ] Duk da haka, Camus ɗan ƙasar Faransa ne kuma ya more haƙƙoƙi fiye da Larabawa da Berber Aljeriya a ƙarƙashin indigénat . A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, ya haɓaka son ƙwallon ƙafa da kuma ninkaya .

A ƙarƙashin rinjayar malaminsa Louis Germain, Camus ya sami gurbin karatu a 1924 don ci gaba da karatunsa a wata babbar lyceum (makarantar sakandare) kusa da Algiers. Nan da nan Germain ya lura da basirarsa mai rai da sha'awar koyo. A makarantar sakandare, ya ba Camus darussa kyauta don shirya shi ga gasar guraben karatu a 1924 - duk da cewa kakarsa tana da shirin ya zama ma'aikacin hannu don ya ba da gudummawa nan da nan don kula da iyali. Camus ya ci gaba da godiya da ƙauna ga Louis Germain a duk rayuwarsa kuma ya sadaukar da jawabinsa don karɓar kyautar Nobel ga Germain. Bayan da ya samu labarin bayar da kyautar, ya rubuta cewa:

Amma da na ji labari, tunanina na farko, bayan mahaifiyata, na ku ne. Ba tare da kai ba, ba tare da hannun ƙauna da kuka miƙa wa ƙaramin ɗan talaka da nake ba, in ba tare da koyarwarku da misalinku ba, duk waɗannan da ba za su faru ba.

A cikin wata wasiƙa mai kwanan wata 30 Afrilu 1959, Germain cikin ƙauna ya mayar da jin daɗin jin daɗin tsohon ɗalibin nasa, yana kiransa "ƙananan Camus na".

Camus ya taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida ga kungiyar Racing Universitaire d'Alger junior daga 1928 zuwa 1930. Ma'anar ruhin kungiya, 'yan uwantaka, da manufa ta gama gari ta burge shi matuka. A cikin rahotannin wasa, sau da yawa ana yaba masa don wasa da sha'awa da ƙarfin hali. Duk wani burin kwallon kafa, ya ɓace lokacin da ya kamu da cutar tarin fuka. Daga baya Camus ya zana kamanceceniya tsakanin ƙwallon ƙafa, kasancewar ɗan adam, ɗabi'a, da ainihin mutum. A gare shi, sauƙi na ɗabi'a na ƙwallon ƙafa ya saba wa ɗabi'a mai rikitarwa da hukumomi kamar gwamnati da coci suka sanya.

A cikin 1930, yana da shekaru 17, Camus ya kamu da cutar tarin fuka . Domin cuta ce da ake yadawa, sai ya tashi daga gidansa ya zauna tare da kawunsa Gustave Acault, wani mahauci, wanda ya rinjayi matashin Camus. A lokacin ne ya juya zuwa falsafar, tare da jagorancin malamin falsafar Jean Grenier . Masana falsafa na Girka na dā da Friedrich Nietzsche sun burge shi. A lokacin, yana iya yin karatu na ɗan lokaci ne kawai. Don samun kuɗi, ya ɗauki ayyuka marasa kyau, waɗanda suka haɗa da matsayin malami mai zaman kansa, magatakardar kayan aikin mota, da mataimaki a Cibiyar Yanayi.

A cikin 1933, Camus ya shiga Jami'ar Algiers kuma ya kammala lasisinsa de philosophie ( BA ) a cikin 1936 bayan ya gabatar da karatunsa akan Plotinus . Camus ya haɓaka sha'awar masana falsafar Kirista na farko, amma Nietzsche da Arthur Schopenhauer sun share hanya zuwa ga rashin imani da rashin yarda da Allah. Camus ya kuma yi nazarin masana falsafa-marubuta irin su Stendhal, Herman Melville, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, da Franz Kafka . A wannan shekarar ya sadu da Simone Hié, sannan abokin tarayya na abokin Camus, wanda daga baya ya zama matarsa ta farko.

Shekaru masu tasowa

A cikin 1934, Camus yana cikin dangantaka da Simone Hié. [ 17 ] Simone tana da jaraba ga morphine, maganin da ta yi amfani da shi don rage mata radadin ciwon haila. Kawunsa Gustave bai yarda da dangantakar ba, amma Camus ya auri Hié don taimaka mata yaƙar jaraba. Daga baya ya gano cewa tana da dangantaka da likitanta lokaci guda kuma ma'auratan sun rabu.

Camus ya shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Faransa (PCF) a farkon 1935. Yana ganin hakan a matsayin wata hanya ta "yaki da rashin daidaito tsakanin Turawa da 'yan asali" a Aljeriya, ko da yake shi ba Marxist ba ne. Ya bayyana cewa: "Muna iya ganin kwaminisanci a matsayin tushen tushe da kuma son zuciya wanda ke shirya ƙasa don ƙarin ayyuka na ruhaniya." Camus ya bar PCF shekara guda bayan haka. [ 18 ] A cikin 1936, an kafa Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Aljeriya (PCA) mai ra'ayin 'yancin kai, kuma Camus ya shiga ta bayan mai ba shi shawara Grenier ya ba shi shawarar yin haka. Babban aikin Camus a cikin PCA shine tsara Théâtre du Travail ('Ma'aikata' Gidan wasan kwaikwayo'). Camus kuma yana kusa da Parti du Peuple Algérien ( Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Aljeriya [PPA]), wadda ta kasance jam'iyyar masu adawa da mulkin mallaka/na kishin kasa mai matsakaicin ra'ayi. Yayin da tashe-tashen hankula a cikin lokacin tsaka-tsakin ya karu, Stalinist PCA da PPA sun karya dangantaka. An kori Camus daga PCA saboda ya ki yatsa layin jam'iyyar. Wannan jerin abubuwan da suka faru sun ƙara ƙarfafa imaninsa ga mutuncin ɗan adam. Rashin amincewar Camus na ma'aikatun da ke da nufin ingantawa maimakon adalci ya karu. Ya ci gaba da sa hannu tare da gidan wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sake sunan kungiyarsa Théâtre de l'Equipe ('Theater of the Team'). Wasu daga cikin rubutun nasa sune tushen littafansa na baya.

A cikin 1938, Camus ya fara aiki da jaridar hagu Alger républicain (wanda Pascal Pia ya kafa), kamar yadda yake da karfi na adawa da Fascist, da hawan mulkin Fascist a Turai yana damunsa. A lokacin, Camus kuma ya sami ƙwaƙƙwaran ra'ayin ƴan mulkin mallaka yayin da ya ga irin zaluncin da mahukuntan Faransa ke yiwa Larabawa da Berbers. Alger républicain An dakatar da shi a cikin 1940 kuma Camus ya tashi zuwa Paris don ɗaukar sabon aiki a Paris-Soir a matsayin editan layout. A cikin Paris, ya kusan kammala "zagayowar farko" na ayyukan da ke hulɗa da marasa hankali da marasa ma'ana: labari L'Étranger ( The Outsider [UK] ko The Stranger [US]), mawallafin falsafa Le Mythe de Sisyphe ( The Myth of Sisyphus ), da kuma wasan kwaikwayo Caligula . Kowane zagayowar ya ƙunshi labari, kasida, da wasan kwaikwayo. [ 20 ]

Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, Juriya da Yaƙi

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan Camus ya koma Paris, barkewar yakin duniya na biyu ya fara shafar Faransa. Camus ya ba da kansa ya shiga aikin soja amma ba a yarda da shi ba saboda ya taba kamuwa da cutar tarin fuka. Yayin da Jamusawa ke tafiya zuwa Paris, Camus ya gudu. An sallame shi daga Paris-Soir Kuma ya ƙare a Lyon, inda ya auri pianist da mathematician Francine Faure a ranar 3 Disamba 1940. Camus da Faure sun koma Algeria ( Oran ), inda ya koyar a makarantun firamare. Saboda tarin fuka, ya ƙaura zuwa Alps na Faransa bisa shawarar likita. A can ya fara rubuta sake zagayowar ayyukansa na biyu, a wannan lokacin yana magana da tawaye - wani labari, La Peste ( Cutar Plague ), da kuma wasan kwaikwayo, Le Malentendu ( The misunderstanding ). A 1943 an san shi saboda aikinsa na farko. Ya koma Paris, inda ya sadu kuma ya zama abokai tare da Jean-Paul Sartre . Ya kuma zama wani ɓangare na da'irar masu ilimi, waɗanda suka haɗa da Simone de Beauvoir da André Breton . Daga cikin su akwai 'yar wasan kwaikwayo María Casares, wanda daga baya ya yi hulɗa da Camus. [ 23 ]

Camus ya taka rawar gani a yunkurin juriya na karkashin kasa kan Jamusawa a lokacin mamayar Faransa . Lokacin da ya isa birnin Paris, ya fara aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida kuma editan jaridar da aka dakatar da Combat . Camus ya yi amfani da sunan karya don labaransa na Combat kuma ya yi amfani da katunan ID na karya don gudun kada a kama shi. Ya ci gaba da rubuta wa takarda bayan 'yantar da Faransanci, [ 24 ] yana tsara kusan editocin yau da kullun a ƙarƙashin sunansa na ainihi. A wannan lokacin ya ƙunshi haruffa huɗu à un Ami Allemand ('Haruffa zuwa Abokin Jamus'), yana bayyana dalilin da yasa tsayin daka ya zama dole.

Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu

  Bayan Yaƙin, Camus ya zauna a Paris tare da Faure, wanda ya haifi tagwaye, Catherine da Jean, a cikin 1945. Camus yanzu ya kasance marubuci mai farin ciki wanda aka sani da rawar da ya taka a cikin Resistance. Ya bayar da lakcoci a jami'o'i daban-daban na Amurka da Latin Amurka a lokacin tafiye-tafiye guda biyu daban-daban. Ya kuma sake kai ziyara kasar Aljeriya, sai dai ya bar baya da kura saboda ci gaba da tsare-tsaren danniya na mulkin mallaka, wanda ya sha gargadi akai akai. A wannan lokacin ya kammala zagaye na biyu na aikinsa, tare da littafin L'Homme révolté (' Yan tawaye ). Camus ya kai hari kan gurguzu na kama-karya yayin da yake ba da ra'ayin gurguzu na 'yanci da anarcho-syndicalism . Yana ba da haushi da yawa daga cikin abokan aikinsa da mutanen zamaninsa a Faransa tare da ƙin gurguzu, littafin ya kawo rabuwa ta ƙarshe tsakanin Camus da Sartre. Dangantakarsa da Marxist Hagu ta kara tabarbarewa a lokacin yakin Aljeriya .

Camus ya kasance mai goyan bayan haɗin kai na Turai a cikin ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu daban-daban waɗanda ke aiki don wannan ƙarshen. A cikin 1944, ya kafa Comité français pour la féderation européenne ('Kwamitin Faransa na Tarayyar Turai' [CFFE]), yana bayyana cewa Turai "na iya tasowa ne kawai ta hanyar ci gaban tattalin arziki, dimokuradiyya, da zaman lafiya idan kasashe-kasashen sun zama tarayya." A cikin 1947-48, ya kafa Groupes de Liaison Internationale (GLI), ƙungiyar ƙwadago a cikin mahallin syndicalism na juyin juya hali ( syndicalisme révolutionnaire ). [ 31 ] Babban manufarsa ita ce bayyana kyakkyawan gefen surrealism da wanzuwar wanzuwar, ƙin rashin yarda da nihilism na André Breton. Har ila yau Camus ya daga muryarsa kan mamayewar da Tarayyar Soviet ta yi wa Hungary da kuma halin kama-karya na mulkin Franco a Spain.

Camus yana da al'amura da yawa, musamman rashin bin ka'ida kuma a ƙarshe al'amuran jama'a tare da 'yar wasan kwaikwayo haifaffiyar Sipaniya María Casares, wacce yake da alaƙa da yawa. [ 32 ] Faure bai ɗauki wannan al'amari da wasa ba. Ta sami raunin hankali kuma tana buƙatar asibiti a farkon shekarun 1950. Camus, wanda ya ji laifi, ya janye daga rayuwar jama'a kuma ya ɗan yi baƙin ciki na ɗan lokaci.

A cikin 1957, Camus ya sami labarin cewa za a ba shi kyautar Nobel a cikin adabi . Wannan ya zo masa da kaduwa; ya yi tsammanin André Malraux zai lashe kyautar. Yana da shekaru 44, shi ne mafi ƙarami na biyu da ya karɓi kyautar, bayan Rudyard Kipling, wanda ke da shekaru 41. Bayan haka ya fara aiki a kan tarihin rayuwarsa Le Premier Homme ( Mutum na Farko ) a ƙoƙari na bincika "ilimin ɗabi'a". Ya kuma sake komawa gidan wasan kwaikwayo. An ba da kuɗin kuɗin da ya karɓa tare da kyautar Nobel, ya daidaita kuma ya jagoranci mataki na Dostoyevsky's novel Demons . An buɗe wasan a cikin Janairu 1959 a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Antoine a Paris kuma ya kasance babban nasara.

A cikin waɗannan shekarun, ya buga ayyukan masanin falsafa Simone Weil bayan mutuwarsa, a cikin jerin "Espoir" ('Bege') wanda ya kafa don Éditions Gallimard . Weil yana da babban tasiri a falsafarsa, tun da yake ganin rubuce-rubucenta a matsayin "maganin" nihilism . Camus ya kwatanta ta a matsayin "babban ruhin zamaninmu".

Mutuwa

Dutsen kabari na Albert Camus

Alamar tagulla akan abin tunawa ga Camus a garin Villeblevin, Faransa. An karanta: "Daga Babban Majalisar Sashen Yonne, don girmamawa ga marubuci Albert Camus wanda gawarsa ta kasance cikin tsaro a Villeblevin Zauren gari a daren 4 zuwa 5 ga Janairu 1960"

Abin tunawa ga Camus da aka gina a Samfuri:Langrlink, inda ya mutu a wani hadarin mota a ranar 4 ga Janairu 1960.

Camus ya mutu a ranar 4 ga Janairun 1960 yana da shekaru 46, a wani hatsarin mota kusa da Sens, a Le Grand Fossard a cikin ƙaramin garin Villeblevin . Ya yi hutun sabuwar shekara ta 1960 a gidansa da ke Lourmarin, Vaucluse tare da danginsa da mawallafinsa Michel Gallimard na Éditions Gallimard, tare da Gallimard matar, Janine, da 'yar, Anne . Matar Camus da 'ya'yansa sun koma Paris ta jirgin kasa a ranar 2 ga Janairu, amma Camus ya yanke shawarar komawa Gallimard Facel Vega FV2 na marmari. Motar ta fada kan bishiyar jirgin da ke kan wani dogon madaidaicin titin Route nationale 5 (yanzu RN 6 ko D606). Camus, wanda ke kan kujerar fasinja, ya mutu nan take, yayin da Gallimard ya mutu bayan kwana biyar. Janine da Anne Gallimard ba a ji rauni ba.

Shafuna 144 na rubutun hannu da aka rubuta mai suna Le premier Homme (' Mutumin Farko ') an same shi a cikin tarkacen jirgin. Camus ya annabta cewa wannan labari da ba a gama ba bisa yarintarsa a Aljeriya zai zama mafi kyawun aikinsa. An binne Camus a cikin Lourmarin makabarta, Vaucluse, Faransa, inda ya zauna. Jean-Paul Sartre ya karanta wani yabo, yana ba da girmamawa ga jaruntakar Camus "yan Adam mai taurin kai". William Faulkner ya rubuta tarihin mutuwarsa, yana mai cewa, "Lokacin da aka rufe masa kofa ya riga ya rubuta a wannan gefen ta abin da kowane mai zane wanda kuma yake ɗauka ta rayuwa tare da shi cewa sanin gaba ɗaya da ƙiyayya ga mutuwa yana fatan yi: Na kasance a nan."

Aikin adabi

Camus ya lashe Lucia ta Stockholm a ranar 13 ga Disamba 1957, kwanaki uku bayan karbar kyautar Nobel a adabi.

Buga na farko na Camus wasa ne mai suna Révolte dans les Asturies ( Revolt in the Asturias ), wanda aka rubuta da abokai uku a watan Mayu 1936. Batun shi ne tawaye na 1934 da masu hakar ma’adinai na Spain suka yi da gwamnatin Spain ta murkushe su da mugun nufi, wanda ya yi sanadin mutuwar mutane 1,500 zuwa 2,000. A cikin Mayu 1937 ya rubuta littafinsa na farko, L'Envers et l'Endroit ( Tsakanin da Tsakanin, kuma an fassara shi azaman Side mara kyau da gefen Dama ). Ƙananan gidan wallafe-wallafen Edmond Charlot ne suka buga su

Camus ya raba aikinsa zuwa zagaye uku. Kowace zagayowar ta ƙunshi labari, kasida, da wasa. Na farko shine zagayowar rashin hankali wanda ya ƙunshi L'Étranger, Le Mythe de Sysiphe, da Caligula . Na biyu shi ne zagayowar tawaye wanda ya hada da La Peste ( Anobar ), L'Homme révolté ( The Rebel ), da Les Justes ( Masu kisan kai ). Na uku, zagayowar soyayya, ya ƙunshi Nemesis . Kowane zagayowar jarrabawa ce ta jigo tare da yin amfani da tatsuniyar arna da kuma haɗe da abubuwan Littafi Mai Tsarki.

An buga littattafai a cikin zagayowar farko tsakanin 1942 da 1944, amma an yi tunanin jigon a baya, aƙalla har zuwa 1936. Tare da wannan sake zagayowar, Camus ya yi niyya don gabatar da tambaya game da yanayin ɗan adam, ya tattauna duniya a matsayin wuri maras kyau, kuma ya gargaɗi ɗan adam sakamakon sakamakon kama-karya.

Camus ya fara aikinsa ne a zagaye na biyu a lokacin da yake kasar Aljeriya, a watannin karshe na shekarar 1942, a daidai lokacin da Jamusawa ke isa Arewacin Afirka. A cikin sake zagayowar na biyu, Camus ya yi amfani da Prometheus, wanda aka kwatanta a matsayin ɗan adam na juyin-juya hali, don nuna alamun da ke tsakanin juyin juya hali da tawaye. Ya nazarci bangarori daban-daban na tawaye, da metaphysics, da alakar ta da siyasa, sannan ya yi nazari a karkashin madubin zamani, tarihi, da rashin Ubangiji.

Bayan samun lambar yabo ta Nobel, Camus ya tattara, ya fayyace, kuma ya buga ra'ayoyinsa na zaman lafiya a Actuelles III: Chronique algérienne 1939–1958 ( Aljeriyan Tarihi ). Daga nan sai ya yanke shawarar nisanta kansa daga yakin Aljeriya saboda ya ga nauyin kwakwalwa ya yi nauyi. Ya juya zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma zagaye na uku wanda ya shafi ƙauna da allahntakar Nemesis, allahn Girkanci da Romawa na fansa.

An buga biyu daga cikin ayyukan Camus bayan mutuwa. Na farko mai suna La mort heureuse ( A Happy Death ) (1971) labari ne da aka rubuta tsakanin 1936 da 1938. Yana da wani hali mai suna Patrice Mersault, kwatankwacinsa da The Stranger ' Meursault. Akwai muhawarar masana game da alakar da ke tsakanin littattafan biyu. Na biyu wani littafi ne wanda ba a gama ba, Le Premier homme ( Mutum na Farko, wanda aka buga a 1994), wanda Camus ya rubuta kafin ya mutu. Aikin tarihin rayuwarsa ne game da kuruciyarsa a Aljeriya da kuma buga shi a cikin 1994 ya haifar da sake duba batun mulkin mallaka na Camus da ake zargin bai tuba ba.

Ayyuka na Camus ta nau'i da sake zagayowar, a cewar Matthew Sharpe

Shekaru	Labarin arna	Tushen Littafi Mai Tsarki	Novel	Wasanni
1937-42	Sisyphus	Baƙi, gudun hijira	Baƙo ( L'Étranger )	Caligula , Rashin fahimta ( Le Malentendu )
1943-52	Prometheus	Tawaye	Cutar ( La Peste )	Jihar Siege ( L'État de siège ) Adalci ( Les Justes )
1952-58		Laifi, fall; gudun hijira & daular; Yahaya Maibaftisma, Kristi	Fall ( La Chute )	Abubuwan da aka mallaka (Dostoevsky); Bukatar Faulkner don Nun
1958-	Nemesis	Masarautar	Mutum Na Farko ( Le Premier Homme )

Matsayin siyasa

Camus ya kasance mai halin kirki ; ya yi iƙirarin cewa ɗabi'a ya kamata ya jagoranci siyasa. Duk da yake bai musanta cewa ɗabi'a na canzawa a kan lokaci ba, ya ƙi ra'ayin Marxist na gargajiya cewa dangantakar kayan tarihi ta bayyana ɗabi'a.

Camus ya kuma yi kakkausar suka ga Marxism–Leninism, wanda ya dauki kamanceceniya, musamman a yanayin Tarayyar Soviet. Camus ya tsawata wa waɗanda ke da tausayi ga tsarin Soviet da "yanke shawararsu na kiran cikakken 'yancin bauta". Wani mai goyon bayan gurguzu mai sassaucin ra'ayi, ya bayyana cewa Tarayyar Soviet ba ta gurguzu ba ce kuma Amurka ba ta da 'yanci. Sukar da ya yi wa Tarayyar Soviet ya sa ya yi karo da wasu a bangaren hagu na siyasa, musamman tare da abokinsa na gaba-gaba Jean-Paul Sartre.

Mai aiki a cikin Resistance Faransanci ga mulkin Nazi na Faransa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Camus ya rubuta kuma ya gyara mujallar Resistance Combat . Game da haɗin gwiwar Faransa da mamaya na Jamus, ya rubuta cewa: "Yanzu kawai darajar ɗabi'a ita ce ƙarfin hali, wanda ke da amfani a nan don yin hukunci ga 'yan tsana da akwatunan maganganu waɗanda suke yin magana da sunan mutane." Bayan 'yantar da Faransa, Camus ya ce: "Wannan ƙasa ba ta buƙatar Talleyrand, amma Saint-Just ." Gaskiyar kotunan bayan yaƙi ba da daɗewa ba ya canza ra'ayinsa: Camus ya juyar da kansa a fili kuma ya zama mai adawa da hukuncin kisa na tsawon rai.

Camus yana da tausayi na anarchist, wanda ya karu a cikin shekarun 1950, lokacin da ya yarda cewa tsarin Soviet ya kasance mai fatara. [ 58 ] Camus ya tsaya tsayin daka kan kowane irin cin zarafi, iko, ko kadara, da kuma Jiha da daidaitawa. Sai dai ya yi adawa da juyin juya hali, ya ke raba ‘ yan tawaye da ‘ yan juyin juya hali da kuma imani cewa imani da “cikakkiyar gaskiya”, mafi yawan lokuta da daukar hoton tarihi ko hankali, yana zaburar da masu juyin juya hali da kuma haifar da sakamako mai ban tausayi. Ya yi imanin cewa tawaye yana haifar da fushinmu game da rashin muhimmancin duniya, yayin da tawaye na siyasa shine mayar da martani ga hare-haren da ake kaiwa ga mutunci da 'yancin kai na mutum. Camus ya yi adawa da tashin hankalin siyasa, yana jure wa kawai a cikin lokuta masu wuyar gaske, da kuma ta'addanci na juyin juya hali, wanda ya zarge shi da sadaukar da rayuka marasa laifi a kan bagadin tarihi.

David Sherman ya ɗauki Camus a matsayin anarcho-syndicalist . Graeme Nicholson ya ɗauki Camus a matsayin mai mulkin kama karya.

Anarchist André Prudhommeaux ya fara gabatar da shi a wani taro na Cercle des Étudiants Anarchistes ('Anarchist Student Circle') a cikin 1948 a matsayin mai tausayi wanda ya saba da tunanin anarchist. Camus ya rubuta don wallafe-wallafen anarchist kamar Le Libertaire ('The Libertarian'), La Révolution prolétarienne ('The Proletarian Revolution'), da Solidaridad Obrera ('Ma'aikata' Hadin kai'), ƙungiyar anarcho-syndicalist Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT, 'Ƙungiyar Kwadago ta Ƙasa'). [ 64 ]

Camus ya ci gaba da kasancewa tsaka tsaki a lokacin juyin juya halin Aljeriya (1954-1962). Yayin da yake adawa da ta'addancin kungiyar 'yantar da 'yanci ta kasa (FLN), ya amince da rashin adalci da zalunci da Faransa 'yan mulkin mallaka suka yi. Ya kasance mai goyon bayan Pierre Mendès Faransa 's Unified Socialist Party (PSU) da kuma tsarinta na rikicin; Mendès Faransa ta ba da shawarar yin sulhu. Camus kuma ya goyi bayan wani dan gwagwarmayar Aljeriya mai ra'ayi, Aziz Kessous . Camus ya yi tattaki zuwa Aljeriya domin yin shawarwarin sulhu tsakanin 'yan ta'addan biyu, amma ya gamu da rashin amincewa daga dukkan bangarorin. [ 65 ] A cikin wani lamari da ba a saba ba sau da yawa, Camus ya fuskanci wani mai sukar Aljeriya a lokacin jawabin karbar kyautar Nobel na 1957 a Stockholm, yana ƙin yarda da daidaitattun adalci tare da ta'addanci na juyin juya hali: "Yanzu mutane suna dasa bama-bamai a cikin tramways na Algiers. Mahaifiyata na iya kasancewa a daya daga cikin waɗannan tramways. Idan wannan shine adalci na mahaifiyata. " Masu sukar sun lakafta martani a matsayin martani da sakamakon halin mulkin mallaka. [ 68 ]

Camus ya yi kakkausar suka kan yawaitar makaman nukiliya da harin bam na Hiroshima da Nagasaki . A cikin 1950s, Camus ya sadaukar da kokarinsa ga 'yancin ɗan adam. A cikin 1952, ya yi murabus daga aikinsa na UNESCO lokacin da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta karbi Spain, a karkashin jagorancin caudillo Janar Francisco Franco, a matsayin memba. Camus ya kiyaye zaman lafiyarsa kuma ya bijirewa hukuncin kisa a ko'ina cikin duniya. Ya rubuta makala game da hukuncin kisa tare da haɗin gwiwar Arthur Koestler, marubuci, mai hankali, kuma wanda ya kafa League Against Capital Punishment, mai suna Réflexions sur la peine capitale ('Reflections on Capital Punishment'), wanda Calmann-Levy ya buga a 1957.

Tare da Albert Einstein, Camus yana ɗaya daga cikin masu tallafawa Babban Taron Duniya na Jama'a (PWC), wanda kuma aka sani da Majalisar Tsarin Mulki ta Duniya (PWCA), wanda ya gudana tsakanin 1950 zuwa 1951 a Zaɓen Palais a Geneva, Switzerland.