Aybak, Samangan
 Aybak, Samangan | |||||
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| Wuri | |||||
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| Ƴantacciyar ƙasa | Afghanistan | ||||
Province of Afghanistan (en)  | Samangan (en) | ||||
| District of Afghanistan (en) | Aybak (en) | ||||
| Babban birnin |
Samangan (en)
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| Yawan mutane | |||||
| Faɗi | 4,938 (1979) | ||||
| Labarin ƙasa | |||||
| Altitude (en) | 959 m | ||||
Aybak (Aibak ko Haibak; a baya Eukratidia (Tsohon Hellenanci: Εὐκρατιδία); (wanda aka fi sani da Samangan a tarihi) birni ne na lardi, tashar ayari ta tsakiya, kuma hedkwatar Lardin Samangan a gundumar mai suna. yankin arewacin Afghanistan. A matsayinsa na tsohon gari kuma babbar cibiyar mabiya addinin Buddah a karni na 4 da 5 a karkashin sarakunan Kushan na lokacin, yana da rugujewar lokacin a wani wuri da ake kira Takht-i-rustam, wanda ke kan wani tudu a saman garin. [1]
Saboda wurin da yake, mabiya addinin Buddah, Islama da Turkawa da Farisa sun yi tasiri a Haibak. A baya, yana da mahimmanci saboda matsayinsa a kan babban layin sadarwa tsakanin Kabul da Turkestan na Afghanistan.[2]
A shekarar 2021, Taliban sun sami ikon birnin a lokacin harin Taliban na 2021.[3]
Tarihi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Tarihin farko da aka sani yana da alaƙa da gano wurin da Ptolemy ya yi a matsayin wurin Varni ko Uarni da kagara na Samangan da ke gabar kogin Khulm, daidai da birnin da ke kan kogin Dargydus, kudu maso gabashin Zariaspa/ Balkh. Rushewar da aka samu a nan sun kafa birnin Eucratides I, Sarkin Bactria. Sannan ana kiranta da Eukratidia, girman garin Khulm na yanzu.[4]
Tarihin garin yana da tarihin daular Kushan a cikin ƙarni na 4th da 5th lokacin da ta kasance sanannen cibiyar addinin Buddha. Ana ganin shedar wannan lokacin a yanzu a cikin wani kango a wani wuri da ake kira Takht-e-Rostam, wanda ke da nisan kilomita 3 daga garin a kan wani tudu. Larabawa da Mongols sun zo wannan wuri lokacin da ya riga ya shahara a matsayin cibiyar addinin Buddha.[5]
Takht-i-rustam wuri ne na tarihi inda ake iya ganin rugujewar al'adun addinin Buddha. Buddhist stupa a nan a cikin nau'i na tuddai, wanda ke kan tudu, yana wakiltar farkon hanyar haɗi zuwa juyin halitta na gine-ginen Buddha.[6]
Aibak shi ne sunan da aka ba wa wannan wuri inda a zamanin da, ayari sukan tsaya a nan.[7]
A ranar 23 ga Oktoba, 2003, lokacin yaƙin, 'yan tawaye sun harba rokoki kan wata motar daukar kaya da ke jigilar fasinjoji zuwa Haibak, wanda ya kashe mutane goma.
A cikin 2021, Taliban ta kaddamar da farmakin soji a duk fadin kasar wanda ya yi daidai da janyewar sojojin Amurka. An kama Aybak ne a ranar 9 ga watan Agustan 2021, wanda ya zama babban birnin lardi na shida da ya fada hannun 'yan Taliban bayan harin da aka kai a karshen mako.
Harin bam a wata makaranta a watan Disambar 2022 ya kashe mutane 17.
Gadon Tarihi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Samangan yana da ɗaya daga cikin sanannun wuraren binciken kayan tarihi a Afghanistan, a cikin Takth i Rostam da maƙwabtan Buddha da stupas a saman wani tudu, arewacin Hindu Kush ya wuce. A wannan wurin, an tono kogo daga duwatsu kuma mabiya addinin Buddha ne suka zauna. Buddhist stupa a nan yana cikin siffar tudu. Yana wakiltar farkon hanyar haɗi zuwa juyin halitta na gine-ginen Buddha a Afghanistan. Wani wurin gadon shi ne gundumar Hazar Sumuch da ke da nisan kilomita 10 daga garin.
Takht-i Rustam[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Takht-i Rustam (Haibak), ma'ana ta zahiri "kursiyin Rustam", mai suna Rustam, jarumin tatsuniyoyi a cikin tatsuniyar Farisa, yanki ne na tudu. Yana da kwanan wata zuwa karni na 4 da 5 na zamanin Kushano-Sassani, wanda aka tabbatar da shi ta hanyar ilimin archaeological, gine-gine da kuma ƙididdiga. Yana da nisan kilomita 3 zuwa kudu maso yammacin garin Samangan. Wuri ne na rukunin gidan zuhudu na stupa wanda aka zana shi cikin dutsen dutse. Gidan sufi na babban al'adar addinin Buddha na Theravada Buddha, yana da ɗakuna biyar, biyu wurare masu tsarki kuma ɗayan rufin gida ne tare da ƙawata leaf ɗin magarya. A cikin tsaunin da ke kusa da shi akwai stupa, wanda ke da harmika, tare da kogo da yawa a gindinsa. A saman daya daga cikin kogon, akwai ginin fili mai dakunan taro guda biyu, daya murabba'in mita 22, dayan kuma madauwari ne. A cikin ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan kogo, binciken binciken archaeological ya gano tarin tsabar kudi na Ghaznavid. Haikalin addinin Buddha kusa da Takht lambobin 10 ne da aka sani a gida kamar Kie Tehe.
Hazar Sumuch[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Gundumar Hazar Sumuch wata tsohuwar cibiyar mabiya addinin Buddah ce a arewacin tsakiyar Afghanistan inda aka samu koguna da dama kuma a daya daga cikin wadannan kogon an sassaka wani stupa na addinin Buddah.
Labari[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Wani labari mai ban tsoro ya danganta Samangan zuwa shahararren almara na Rostam da Sohrab. Rostam (Ma'ana Gwarzon Duniya), Jarumin Jarumin Iran, yana ziyarar farauta a yankin Samangan. Ya huta a wani wuri kusa da yankin Samangan, a kauyen Shaihabad. A wannan lokacin, an sace dokinsa a ƙarƙashin tsarin da Sarkin yankin ya tsara, wanda jarumin Rustam ya burge shi. Sarkin yankin ya so ya sa Rostam ya zama abokinsa. Lokacin da Rostam ya gano cewa an sace dokinsa mai suna Rakhsh, sai ya fusata ya shiga neman dokin kuma binciken ya kai shi garin Samangan. Da ya isa bayan gari sai Sarkin Samangan da mukarrabansa suka zo gaishe shi. Daga nan sai Rostam ya yi wa Sarkin Samangan barazana da mummunan sakamako idan ba a samu dokinsa ba, saboda an bi diddigin kofofin dokin har zuwa ƙauyen. Duk da haka, Sarkin yankin, ya rarrashi Rostam kuma ya gayyace shi zuwa fadarsa a matsayin babban bako kuma ya yi masa nishadi sosai. Ya kuma yi wa Rostam alkawarin cewa zai shirya aika masu bincike don gano dokinsa. Yayin da yake cikin fada, 'yar Sarki Tamina ta sadu da shi kuma ta ƙaunaci Rustam. Rustam ma ya kamu da sonta. Tare da amincewar sarki da mutanen Samangan, kyakkyawar 'yar mai mulkin yankin Tamina ta auri Rustam. Sarki ya ji dadin wannan ci gaba, sannan ya shirya ya nemo dokin Rostam. Daga nan sai Rostam ya koma Iran, kasarsa.
Dukansu sun yi baƙin ciki da rabuwa da juna. Daga baya an haifi dansu ga Tamina a Samangan, wanda ake kira da Sohrab.[8]
Tahmineh ta rainon ɗanta da himma sosai, ta koya masa duk dabarun yaƙi, ya kuma sami ƙarfi sosai. Ta kuma ba shi labarin mahaifinsa Rostam da kakanninsa da irin nasarorin da suka samu a matsayinsu na mayaka a Iran. Ta kuma ba shi kyautar da mahaifinsa ya aiko masa. Ta yi masa nasiha da ya kiyayi Afrasiyab na Turan wanda yake makiyin uba ne. Bayan yasan zuriyarsa da kuma mahaifinsa jajirtacce Sohrab ya yanke shawarar mamaye Iran. Ya kuma yi wa mahaifiyarsa alkawarin cewa za ta zama sarauniyar Iran. Yayin da ya hau kan doki wanda shi ne bawan Rakshak, dokin mahaifinsa, sai ya yi tunanin labari ya yi kyau. Duk da haka, yayin da yake tafiya don yaƙar Iran ya ci karo da mahaifinsa a fagen fama. Afrasiyab ya sa mahaifinsa bai san ko wane ne ɗansa ba wanda yake son uba da ɗa su yi yaƙi da juna. Kafin Sohrab ya jagoranci sojojinsa a kan Iran, Afrasiyab ya yaudare shi da ya hada shi da yakin, tare da kyaututtuka masu dauke da sakonnin yabon Sohrab a kan aniyarsa ta mamaye Iran, ya kuma shaida masa yadda "idan Iran ta ci nasara a duniya za ta samu zaman lafiya daga yanzu, domin kuwa kansa zai sanya kambin Kaianides; kuma Turan, Iran, da Samengan ya zama ƙasa ɗaya." Akwai yaudara da bayanan karya da aka bayar game da Rostam. Dukansu ba su san ko wane ne junansu da dangantakarsu ba lokacin da suka fuskanci juna a fagen fama. A kazamin yakin da aka yi tsakanin uba da dansa Sohrab ya samu raunuka. Lokacin da Sohrab ya ji rauni sai ya sanar da Rostam ko wanene shi, jin haka sai rostam ya kama shi da tsananin bakin ciki ya jefar da takobinsa. Shima Sohrab bak'in ciki ya d'auka da sanin mahaifinsa ne ya fuskanci yak'i wanda ya raunata shi har lahira. Daga nan sai ya nuna alamar onyx dinsa da ke daure da sulke. Rostam ya gane cewa onyx ne ya ba matarsa kuma da gaske ya kashe ɗan nasa. Kaykavous, Sarkin Iran, ya jinkirta bai wa Rostam maganin warkarwa (Noush Daru) don ceton Sohrab saboda yana tsoron rasa ikonsa ga kawancen mahaifinsa da dansa.
Geography[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Garin yana gefen kwarin Khulm River wanda aka kafa a ƙasan mahadar tsaunin Hindu Kush da Steppe ta Tsakiyar Asiya. Kwarin yana da ƙasar noma mai albarka kuma yana da mirgina filayen kore da tsaunuka a gefe. Babban titin A76 daga Kabul -Mazar-e-Sharif zuwa Badakhshan ya bi ta garin Samangan kuma ya bi ta kasuwar kasuwa da babban filin gari. Manyan biranen da ke kusa su ne Mazar-e-Sharif da Baghlan. An san garin da yawan jama'ar Uzbek da kuma sanannen shugaban Uzbek na lardin, hotunan Janar Dostum, a cikin garin.
Ala'adu[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kasuwar mako-mako, tsohuwar al’adun gargajiyar garin ta shahara kuma a duk ranar Alhamis ne masu sana’ar sana’o’in hannu da suka kware wajen yin kida, irin su dutar (luti mai zare biyu) da Zirbhagali (wani ganga da aka yi da tukwane), suna baje kolin kayayyakinsu na siyarwa. . Kasuwa ta musamman anan ana kiranta da Bazar-e-Danbora Faroshi (Bazar masu siyar da Lute-Sellers ko kasuwa).
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica, E285.16
- ↑ Royal Numismatic Society (Great Britain) (1846). The Numismatic chronicle, Volume 8. Royal Numismatic Society. pp. 107–108.
- ↑ Clammer, Paul (2007). Afghanistan. Lonely Planet. p. 158. ISBN 978-1-74059-642-8. Retrieved 2010-10-15.
- ↑ "Taliban capture sixth provincial capital in northern Afghanistan". The Guardian (in Turanci). 9 August 2021. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
- ↑ "Students killed as bomb blast hits Afghan school". BBC News (in Turanci). 2022-11-30. Retrieved 2022-12-02.
- ↑ "Takht-i Rustam monastery, (near) Samangan, Velayat-e Samangan, AF". Mapping of Buddhist Monasteries. Retrieved 2010-10-28.
- ↑ "Samangan Provincial Government" (PDF). Visiting Arts: Samangan Provincial Department of Information and Culture. Retrieved 2010-10-28.[permanent dead link]
- ↑ "Hazar Sum" (PDF). Visiting Arts: Samangan Provincial Department of Information and Culture. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-05-10. Retrieved 2010-10-28.