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Cannabidiol (CBD)

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Cannabidiol (CBD)
type of chemical entity (en) Fassara da cannabinoids (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na 2-[(6R)-3-methyl-6-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-5-pentylbenzene-1,3-diol (en) Fassara
Stereoisomer of (en) Fassara 1,3-Benzenediol, 2-[3-methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-yl]-5-pentyl-, (1R-trans)- (en) Fassara
Sinadaran dabara C₂₁H₃₀O₂
Canonical SMILES (en) Fassara CCCCCC1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)C2C=C(CCC2C(=C)C)C)O
Isomeric SMILES (en) Fassara CCCCCC1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)[C@@H]2C=C(CC[C@H]2C(=C)C)C)O
Found in taxon (en) Fassara Ƙare aiki
Ta jiki ma'amala da G protein-coupled receptor 18 (en) Fassara, G protein-coupled receptor 55 (en) Fassara, Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (en) Fassara da Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 2 (en) Fassara
LiverTox likelihood score (en) Fassara LiverTox toxicity likelihood category E* (en) Fassara

Cannabidiol (CBD) wani nau'in phytocannabinoid ne da aka gano a cikin 1940.[1][2][3] Yana ɗayan ɗayan 113 da aka gano cannabinoids a cikin tsire-tsire na cannabis tare da asusun zuwa 40% na fitowar shuka. A cikin 2018,[4][5][6] bincike na asibiti game da cannabidiol ya haɗa da binciken farko na damuwa, cognition, rikicewar motsi, da ciwo.[7][8][9][10][11]

Sigar sa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Cannabidiol na iya shiga jiki ta hanyoyi da yawa, gami da shan hayaki ko hayakin cannabis,[12][13][14] kamar feshin iska a kan kunci, da baki. Ana iya ba da shi a matsayin mai na CBD wanda ke ɗauke da CBD kawai azaman sashi mai aiki (ban da tetrahydrocannabinol [THC] ko terpenes),[15][16][17] ƙwayar hemp na CBD mai cike da ganyayyaki, magungunan ƙwayoyi, busasshiyar cannabis,[18][19][20] ko kuma azaman maganin gishiri.[21][22][23] CBD ba shi da aiki guda ɗaya kamar psychoCathy kamar yadda THC kuma yana iya canza tasirin THC a jiki idan dukansu sun kasance. Tun daga 2018,[24][25][26] ba a ƙayyade hanyar aiwatar da sakamakon tasirinsa ba.[27][28][29][30]

Amincewa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A Amurka, maganin Abinci da Magunguna sun yarda da maganin cannabidiol epidiolex a cikin 2018 don maganin cututtukan guda biyu na cututtukan fata.[31][32][33] Tun da cannabis jadawalin da nake tsara abu a cikin Amurka,[34][35][36] wasu hanyoyin CBD sun kasance ba bisa ƙa'ida ba don ƙayyade amfanin likita ko amfani da shi azaman kayan abinci a cikin kayan abinci ko na abinci.[37][38][39][40]

Abinda zai faru lokacin da kuka sha maganin ku

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Nazarin da suka gabata sun nuna cewa cannabidiol na iya rage tasirin tasirin THC, musamman waɗanda ke haifar da maye da fitina amma kawai a cikin allurai masu ƙarfi.[41][42][43] Nazarin aminci na Cannabidiol ya nuna cewa suna da haƙuri, amma suna iya haifar da gajiya, zawo,[44][45][46] ko canje-canje a cikin abinci kamar tasirin sakamako na yau da kullun.[47][48][49] Nawancin Epidiolex sun hada da bacci, rashin bacci da barcin mara kyau, rage yawan ci, gudawa, da gajiya.[50][51][52][53]

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ cannabidiol (CHEBI:69478)". ebi.ac.uk. Archived from the original on May 12, 2021. Retrieved February 12, 2019.
  2. ↑ Epidiolex – cannabidiol solution". DailyMed. August 26, 2020. Archived from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved September 11, 2020
  3. ↑ Stallworth J. "Drug licensing factsheet: cannabis, CBD and other cannabinoids". The Home Office. Archived from the original on January 17, 2021. Retrieved December 10, 2020.
  4. ↑ Epidyolex". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). September 29, 2020. Archived from the original on October 30, 2021. Retrieved September 30, 2020
  5. ↑ Sativex (Cannabidiol/Tetrahydrocannabinol) Bayer Label" (PDF). bayer.ca. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 16, 2021. Retrieved June 28, 2018
  6. ↑ DEA announces steps necessary to improve access to marijuana research". DEA. August 26, 2019. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  7. ↑ Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement in Schedule V of Certain FDA-Approved Drugs Containing Cannabidiol; Corresponding Change to Permit Requirements". Federal Register, US Federal Government. September 28, 2018. Retrieved March 10, 2024
  8. ↑ Anvisa (July 24, 2023). "RDC Nº 804 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 804 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published July 25, 2023). Archived from the original on August 27, 2023. Retrieved August 27, 2023.
  9. ↑ Laurence E (May 31, 2022). "Your Guide To CBD Legalization By State". Forbes Health. Retrieved September 7, 2024.
  10. ↑ Perucca E, Bialer M (June 5, 2020). "Critical Aspects Affecting Cannabidiol Oral Bioavailability and Metabolic Elimination, and Related Clinical Implications". CNS Drugs. 34 (8): 795–800. doi:10.1007/s40263-020-00741-5. PMID 32504461. S2CID 219313952.
  11. ↑ Scuderi C, Filippis DD, Iuvone T, Blasio A, Steardo A, Esposito G (May 2009). "Cannabidiol in medicine: a review of its therapeutic potential in CNS disorders". Phytotherapy Research (Review). 23 (5): 597–602. doi:10.1002/ptr.2625. PMID 18844286. S2CID 21836765. Archived from the original on April 11, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2020.
  12. ↑ Epidyolex EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). June 24, 2019. Archived from the original on August 9, 2021. Retrieved September 11, 2020. Text was copied from this source which is copyrighted by the European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged
  13. ↑ Kirkland AE, Fadus MC, Gruber SA, Gray KM, Wilens TE, Squeglia LM (February 2022). "A scoping review of the use of cannabidiol in psychiatric disorders". Psychiatry Research. 308: 114347. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114347. PMC 8799523. PMID 34952255.
  14. ↑ Black N, Stockings E, Campbell G, Tran LT, Zagic D, Hall WD, et al. (December 2019). "Cannabinoids for the treatment of mental disorders and symptoms of mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis". The Lancet. Psychiatry. 6 (12): 995–1010. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30401-8. PMC 6949116. PMID 31672337
  15. ↑ Hossain KR, Alghalayini A, Valenzuela SM (September 2023). "Current Challenges and Opportunities for Improved Cannabidiol Solubility". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 24 (19): 14514. doi:10.3390/ijms241914514. PMC 10572536. PMID 37833962.
  16. ↑ VanDolah HJ, Bauer BA, Mauck KF (September 2019). "Clinicians' Guide to Cannabidiol and Hemp Oils". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 94 (9): 1840–1851.
  17. ↑ Prud'homme M, Cata R, Jutras-Aswad D (January 2015). "Cannabidiol as an Intervention for Addictive Behaviors: A Systematic Review of the Evidence". Substance Abuse. 9: 33–38. doi:10.4137/SART.S25081. PMC 4444130. PMID 26056464.
  18. ↑ Aizpurua-Olaizola O, Soydaner U, Öztürk E, Schibano D, Simsir Y, Navarro P, et al. (February 2016). "Evolution of the Cannabinoid and Terpene Content during the Growth of Cannabis sativa Plants from Different Chemotypes". Journal of Natural Products. 79 (2): 324–331. Bibcode:2016JNAtP..79..324A. doi:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00949. hdl:1874/350973. PMID 26836472. Archived from the original on January 5, 2023. Retrieved November 27, 2022.
  19. ↑ Czégény Z, Nagy G, Babinszki B, Bajtel Á, Sebestyén Z, Kiss T, et al. (April 2021). "CBD, a precursor of THC in e-cigarettes". Scientific Reports. 11 (1): 8951. Bibcode:2021NatSR..11.8951C. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-88389-z. PMC 8076212. PMID 33903673.
  20. ↑ Mead A (June 14, 2019). "Legal and Regulatory Issues Governing Cannabis and Cannabis-Derived Products in the United States". Frontiers in Plant Science. 10: 697. doi:10.3389/fpls.2019.00697. PMC 6590107. PMID 31263468.
  21. ↑ Devinsky O, Cilio MR, Cross H, Fernandez-Ruiz J, French J, Hill C, et al. (June 2014). "Cannabidiol: pharmacology and potential therapeutic role in epilepsy and other neuropsychiatric disorders". Epilepsia. 55 (6): 791–802. doi:10.1111/epi.12631. PMC 4707667. PMID 24854329.
  22. ↑ Novella S (September 30, 2020). "Where Are We With CBD?". Science-Based Medicine. Archived from the original on August 12, 2021. Retrieved October 1, 2020.
  23. ↑ Itin C, Domb AJ, Hoffman A (October 2019). "A meta-opinion: cannabinoids delivered to oral mucosa by a spray for systemic absorption are rather ingested into gastro-intestinal tract: the influences of fed / fasting states". Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery. 16 (10): 1031–1035. doi:10.1080/17425247.2019.1653852. PMID 31393180. S2CID 199505274.
  24. ↑ Phytocannabinoid Boiling Points" (PDF). Project CBD. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 8, 2019. Retrieved August 20, 2021
  25. ↑ Pisanti S, Malfitano AM, Ciaglia E, Lamberti A, Ranieri R, Cuomo G, et al. (July 2017). "Cannabidiol: State of the art and new challenges for therapeutic applications". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 175: 133–150. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.041. PMID 28232276.
  26. ↑ Iseger TA, Bossong MG (March 2015). "A systematic review of the antipsychotic properties of cannabidiol in humans". Schizophrenia Research. 162 (1–3): 153–161. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2015.01.033. PMID 25667194. S2CID 3745655.
  27. ↑ Campos AC, Moreira FA, Gomes FV, Del Bel EA, Guimarães FS (December 2012). "Multiple mechanisms involved in the large-spectrum therapeutic potential of cannabidiol in psychiatric disorders". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences (Review). 367 (1607): 3364–3378. doi:10.1098/rstb.2011.0389. PMC 3481531. PMID 23108553.
  28. ↑ Boggs DL, Nguyen JD, Morgenson D, Taffe MA, Ranganathan M (January 2018). "Clinical and Preclinical Evidence for Functional Interactions of Cannabidiol and Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol". Neuropsychopharmacology. 43 (1): 142–154. doi:10.1038/npp.2017.209. PMC 5719112. PMID 28875990.
  29. ↑ Boggs DL, Nguyen JD, Morgenson D, Taffe MA, Ranganathan M (January 2018). "Clinical and Preclinical Evidence for Functional Interactions of Cannabidiol and Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol". Neuropsychopharmacology. 43 (1): 142–154. doi:10.1038/npp.2017.209. PMC 5719112. PMID 28875990.
  30. ↑ "FDA Regulation of Cannabis and Cannabis-Derived Products, Including Cannabidiol (CBD). #2. How does the 2018 Farm Bill define hemp? What does it mean for FDA-regulated products?". US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). February 6, 2024. Archived from the original on October 1, 2019. Retrieved February 6, 2024.
  31. ↑ Stockings E, Zagic D, Campbell G, Weier M, Hall WD, Nielsen S, et al. (July 2018). "Evidence for cannabis and cannabinoids for epilepsy: a systematic review of controlled and observational evidence". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 89 (7): 741–753. doi:10.1136/jnnp-2017-317168. hdl:1959.4/unsworks_50076. PMID 29511052
  32. ↑ "Cannabis derivative may reduce seizures in some severe drug-resistant epilepsies, but adverse events increase". NIHR Evidence (Plain English summary). June 26, 2018. doi:10.3310/signal-000606. S2CID 242083755. Archived from the original on July 24, 2021. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
  33. ↑ Silva TB, Balbino CQ, Weiber AF (May 2015). "The relationship between cannabidiol and psychosis: A review". Annals of Clinical Psychiatry. 27 (2): 134–141. PMID 25954940.
  34. ↑ Elliott J, DeJean D, Clifford T, Coyle D, Potter BK, Skidmore B, et al. (February 2020). "Cannabis-based products for pediatric epilepsy: An updated systematic review". Seizure. 75: 18–22. doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2019.12.006. PMID 31865133. S2CID 208878465.
  35. ↑ Office of the Commissioner (March 27, 2020). "FDA Approves First Drug Comprised of an Active Ingredient Derived from Marijuana to Treat Rare, Severe Forms of Epilepsy". FDA. Archived from the original on April 23, 2019. Retrieved May 28, 2021.
  36. ↑ Blessing EM, Steenkamp MM, Manzanares J, Marmar CR (October 2015). "Cannabidiol as a Potential Treatment for Anxiety Disorders". Neurotherapeutics. 12 (4): 825–836. doi:10.1007/s13311-015-0387-1. PMC 4604171. PMID 26341731.
  37. ↑ Office of the Commissioner (July 31, 2020). "FDA Approves New Indication for Drug Containing an Active Ingredient Derived from Cannabis to Treat Seizures in Rare Genetic Disease". FDA. Archived from the original on September 29, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2020.
  38. ↑ Prud'homme M, Cata R, Jutras-Aswad D (2015). "Cannabidiol as an Intervention for Addictive Behaviors: A Systematic Review of the Evidence". Substance Abuse. 9: 33–38. doi:10.4137/SART.S25081. PMC 4444130. PMID 26056464.
  39. ↑ What You Should Know About Using Cannabis, Including CBD, When Pregnant or Breastfeeding". US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). October 16, 2019. Archived from the original on October 17, 2019. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
  40. ↑ Villanueva MR, Joshaghani N, Villa N, Badla O, Goit R, Saddik SE, et al. (July 2022). "Efficacy, Safety, and Regulation of Cannabidiol on Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review". Cureus. 14 (7): e26913. doi:10.7759/cureus.26913. PMC 9288157. PMID 35860716.
  41. ↑ Kicman A, Toczek M (September 2020). "The Effects of Cannabidiol, a Non-Intoxicating Compound of Cannabis, on the Cardiovascular System in Health and Disease". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 21 (18): 6740. doi:10.3390/ijms21186740. PMC 7554803. PMID 32937917.
  42. ↑ Cannabinoid Clinical | Cannabinoids Research, Effects, and Uses". CannabinoidClinical.com. Archived from the original on June 26, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
  43. ↑ Cannabidiol (CBD): MedlinePlus Supplements". medlineplus.gov. Archived from the original on October 20, 2021. Retrieved January 15, 2021.
  44. ↑ Sachs J, McGlade E, Yurgelun-Todd D (October 2015). "Safety and Toxicology of Cannabinoids". Neurotherapeutics. 12 (4): 735–746. doi:10.1007/s13311-015-0380-8. PMC 4604177. PMID 26269228
  45. ↑ Russo EB (February 2008). "Cannabinoids in the management of difficult to treat pain". Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management. 4 (1): 245–259. doi:10.2147/TCRM.S1928. PMC 2503660. PMID 18728714.
  46. ↑ What You Need to Know (And What We're Working to Find Out) About Products Containing Cannabis or Cannabis-derived Compounds, Including CBD". US Food and Drug Administration. March 5, 2020. Archived from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved June 23, 2022
  47. ↑ Industrial hemp". Department of Agriculture, State of Colorado. 2018. Archived from the original on August 26, 2018. Retrieved September 14, 2018.
  48. ↑ Huestis MA, Solimini R, Pichini S, Pacifici R, Carlier J, Busardò FP (September 13, 2019). "Cannabidiol Adverse Effects and Toxicity". Current Neuropharmacology. 17 (10). Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.: 974–989. doi:10.2174/1570159x17666190603171901. PMC 7052834. PMID 31161980.
  49. ↑ Hahn SM (March 5, 2020). "FDA Advances Work Related to Cannabidiol Products with Focus on Protecting Public Health, Providing Market Clarity". US Food and Drug Administration. Archived from the original on September 29, 2021. Retrieved March 6, 2020.
  50. ↑ Izzo AA, Borrelli F, Capasso R, Di Marzo V, Mechoulam R (October 2009). "Non-psychotropic plant cannabinoids: new therapeutic opportunities from an ancient herb". Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 30 (10): 515–527. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2009.07.006. PMID 19729208.
  51. ↑ Fischer B, Russell C, Sabioni P, van den Brink W, Le Foll B, Hall W, et al. (August 2017). "Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines: A Comprehensive Update of Evidence and Recommendations". American Journal of Public Health. 107 (8): e1 – e12. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303818. PMC 5508136. PMID 28644037.
  52. ↑ Cannabidiol (CBD)". American Association of Poison Control Centers. September 30, 2019. Archived from the original on October 17, 2019. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
  53. ↑ MacKeen D (October 16, 2019). "Scam or Not: What Are the Benefits of CBD?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 16, 2019. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
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