Ciwon hakori
| Ciwon hakori | |
|---|---|
Description (en)  | |
| Iri |
major trauma (en) tooth pathology (en) |
| Specialty (en) |
oral and maxillofacial surgery (en) |
| Identifier (en) | |
| MeSH | D018677 |
| Dental trauma | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rabe-rabe da ma'adanai da waje |
Ciwon hakori yana nufin rauni (rauni) zuwa hakora da / ko periodontium ( gumis, periodontal ligament, alveolar kashi ), da kuma kusa da laushi mai laushi irin su lebe, harshe, da dai sauransu. Nazarin ciwon hakori ana kiransa traumatology na hakori [1]
Raunin hakori[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Laifin enamel
- Karyewar enamel
- Enamel-dentine karaya
- Karyewar enamel-dentine wanda ya shafi bayyanar ɓangaren litattafan almara
- Tushen karaya na hakori[2]
Raunin lokaci-lokaci[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Tashin hankali (rauni)
- Subluxation na hakori (haƙori buga sako-sako da sako)
- Luxation na hakori (matsewa)
- m
- M
- Na gefe
- Avulsion of the hakori (ƙwaƙwalwar haƙori)
Raunin goyon bayan kashi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Wannan rauni ya ƙunshi ƙashin alveolar kuma yana iya wuce bayan alveolus. Akwai nau'ikan karaya na alveolar iri biyar:
- Karya mai sadarwa na bangon soket
- Karyewar bangon soket
- Dentoalveolar fracture (segmental)
- Karaya na maxilla: Le Fort karaya, zygomatic fracture, orbital busa.[3]
- Karaya na mandible
Raunin raunin da ya shafi alveolus na iya zama mai rikitarwa saboda ba ya faruwa a keɓe, sau da yawa yana gabatarwa tare da wasu nau'ikan raunin nama na hakori.
Alamun karaya na dentoalveolar:
- Canza zuwa rufewa
- Hakora da yawa suna tafiya tare azaman yanki kuma yawanci ana gudun hijira
- Ciwon gingivae da aka haɗe
- Gingivae a fadin layin karaya sau da yawa ana lace
Bincike : Ana buƙatar ra'ayi fiye da ɗaya don gano layin karaya.
Jiyya : Mayar da haƙoran da aka kora a ƙarƙashin maganin sa barcin gida da daidaita sashin wayar hannu tare da tsatsa na tsawon makonni 4, dinka duk wani laceration na nama mai laushi. [4]
Laceration mai laushi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Rassan jijiyar fuska. Ya kamata a bincika jijiyar fuska don kowane lahani mai yuwuwa lokacin da mucosa buccal ya shiga. Ana gabatar da raunin nama mai laushi akai-akai tare da raunin hakori. Wuraren da abin ya shafa su ne lebe, mucosa buccal, gingivae, frenum da harshe. Mafi yawan raunin da ya faru shine lebe da gingivae. Don lebe, yana da mahimmanci don kawar da kasancewar abubuwa na waje a cikin raunuka da raunuka ta hanyar bincike mai zurfi. Ana iya ɗaukar hoton rediyo don gano duk wani abu na waje mai yuwuwa.[5][6] Ciwon gingivae waɗanda ƙanana ke warkar da su ba da daɗewa ba kuma ba sa buƙatar kowane sa hannu. Duk da haka, wannan na iya zama ɗaya daga cikin bayyanar cututtuka na ƙwayar alveolar. Zubar da jini na gingivae musamman a kusa da gefe na iya ba da shawarar rauni ga ligament na hakori. Ya kamata a bincika jijiyar fuska da duct parotid don duk wani lahani mai yuwuwa lokacin da mucosa buccal ya shiga. Ya kamata a gyara raunukan nama mai zurfi a cikin yadudduka tare da sutures waɗanda za su iya jurewa.
Hakora na farko[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ciwon haƙora na farko yana faruwa mafi yawa a cikin shekaru biyu zuwa shekaru uku, yayin haɓaka haɗin gwiwar mota. Lokacin da haƙoran farko suka ji rauni, sakamakon magani yana ba da fifiko ga amincin haƙorin balagagge, kuma ya kamata ya guje wa duk wani haɗari na lalata magada na dindindin[8].[7] Wannan saboda tushen kolin haƙoran farko da ya ji rauni yana kusa da ƙwayar haƙorin babban haƙori. Don haka, za a cire haƙoran farko na farko da aka yi gudun hijira idan aka gano ya shiga cikin ƙwayar haƙori mai girma. Idan haka ta faru, ya kamata a shawarci iyaye game da yiwuwar rikitarwa irin su enamel hypoplasia, hypocalcification, kambi / tushen diaceration, ko rushewa a cikin jerin fashewar hakori. Abubuwan da za su iya faruwa na iya haɗawa da necrosis na pulpal, shafewar ɓangaren litattafan almara da kuma tushen resorption. Necrosis shine mafi yawan rikitarwa kuma ana yin kima gabaɗaya bisa launi da aka ƙara tare da saka idanu na rediyo. Canjin launi na iya nufin cewa hakori yana da mahimmanci amma idan wannan ya ci gaba da yiwuwa ba shi da mahimmanci.[8]
Abubuwan haɗari[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Shekaru, musamman yara ƙanana[9][10][11] Matakin haƙora na farko (2-3 shekaru, lokacin da aikin motar yara ke haɓaka kuma fara koyon tafiya/gudu) Matakan haƙora gauraye (shekaru 8-10) Matsayin hakori na dindindin (shekaru 13-15) Namiji > Namiji[12] Season (Yawancin abubuwan da suka faru na rauni sun fi faruwa a lokacin rani idan aka kwatanta da hunturu) Wasanni, musamman tuntuɓar wasanni kamar ƙwallon ƙafa, hockey, rugby, ƙwallon kwando da wasan ƙwallon ƙafa Huda cikin harshe da lebe Horon soja[13] M canje-canje a cikin matsa lamba barometric, i.e. hakori barotrauma, wanda zai iya rinjayar suba divers da kuma aviators Malocclusion na Class II tare da haɓakar overjet da alaƙar kwarangwal na Class II da rashin iyawar lebe sune manyan abubuwan haɗari.
Rigakafi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Rigakafin gabaɗaya yana da ɗan wahala saboda yana da kusan yiwuwa a dakatar da hatsarori daga faruwa, musamman a cikin yaran da suke aiki sosai. Yin amfani da garkuwar danko akai-akai yayin wasanni da sauran ayyuka masu haɗari (kamar horar da sojoji) shine rigakafin mafi inganci ga raunin haƙora. An fi sanya su a kan manyan hakora saboda yana da haɗari mafi girma na raunin hakori idan aka kwatanta da ƙananan hakora. Garkuwan gumaka da kyau dole ne su kasance masu jin daɗi ga masu amfani, masu riƙewa, marasa wari, marasa ɗanɗano kuma kada kayan su zama masu cutarwa ga jiki. Duk da haka, binciken da aka yi a cikin mutane daban-daban masu haɗari don raunin hakora sun yi rahoton rashin yarda da mutane akai-akai don yin amfani da baki na yau da kullum yayin ayyukan. Bugu da ƙari, ko da tare da amfani da yau da kullum, tasiri na rigakafin raunin hakori bai cika ba, kuma raunin da ya faru na iya faruwa ko da lokacin da ake amfani da masu kare baki kamar yadda masu amfani ba koyaushe suna sane da mafi kyawun ƙira ko girma ba, wanda ba makawa ya haifar da rashin dacewa. Nau'in garkuwar danko: Hannun jarin da aka shirya Ba a ba da shawarar ba saboda baya daidaita haƙora kwata-kwata Rashin riƙewa Rashin dacewa Haɗarin ɓarna a lokacin wasanni na hulɗa da kuma rufewar hanyar iska wanda zai iya haifar da damuwa na numfashi Gyaran kai/Tafasa da cizo Iyakantattun masu girma dabam, wanda zai iya haifar da rashin dacewa
- Ana iya gyarawa cikin sauƙi idan an gurbata
- Mai arha
- Na al'ada
- An yi shi da ethylene vinyl acetate
- Mafi kyawun nau'in garkuwar danko
- Kyakkyawan riƙewa
- Mai ikon yin gini a cikin *yadudduka/lamination
- Mai tsada
Daya daga cikin muhimman matakai shi ne wayar da kan jama'a game da raunin hakori ga wadanda ke da hannu a cikin wasanni kamar wasan dambe da kuma a cikin yara 'yan makaranta inda suke cikin hatsarin kamuwa da ciwon hakori ta hanyar yakin neman ilimi mai zurfi da suka hada da laccoci, takarda, littattafai. rubuce-rubucen da ya kamata a gabatar da su ta hanya mai sauƙi.[14]
Gudanarwa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Gudanarwa ya dogara da nau'in raunin da ya faru da ko jariri ne ko haƙori mai girma. Idan an fitar da hakora gaba daya bai kamata a maye gurbinsu ba. Ya kamata a tsaftace wurin a hankali kuma a kawo yaron ya ga likitan hakori. Hakora na gaba na manya (wanda yawanci ke fitowa a kusan shekaru shida) ana iya maye gurbinsu nan da nan idan mai tsabta. Duba ƙasa da gidan yanar gizon Jagorar Trauma don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai. Idan haƙori ya yi rauni, a tabbatar cewa haƙori ne na dindindin (bai kamata a sake dasa haƙoran farko ba, maimakon haka sai a tsaftace wurin da ya ji rauni don barin babban haƙori ya fara fashewa). Ka kwantar da hankalin majiyyaci kuma ka kwantar da hankalinsu. Idan za'a iya samun haƙori, a ɗauko shi da rawanin (bangaren farin). Ka guji taɓa ɓangaren tushen. Idan haƙori ya ƙazantu, a wanke shi kaɗan (daƙiƙa goma) a ƙarƙashin ruwan sanyi mai sanyi amma kar a goge haƙorin. Sanya hakori baya cikin soket inda ya ɓace, kula da sanya shi daidai (daidai da sauran hakori) Ƙarfafa majiyyaci ya ciji a kan kyalle don riƙe hakori a matsayi. Idan ba zai yiwu a maye gurbin hakori nan da nan ba, da kyau, yakamata a sanya haƙorin a cikin madaidaicin gishiri na Hank, idan ba a samu ba, a cikin gilashin madara ko akwati tare da ruwan majiyyaci ko kuma a cikin kuncin majiyyaci (ajiya). Shi tsakanin hakora da ciki na kunci - lura wannan bai dace da yara ƙanana waɗanda zasu iya haɗiye haƙori ba). Ba a ba da shawarar safarar haƙori a cikin ruwa ba, saboda hakan zai lalata ƙananan ƙwayoyin da ke cikin haƙori. A nemi maganin haƙori na gaggawa nan da nan. Lokacin da haƙoran da suka ji rauni suna da zafi yayin da suke aiki saboda lalacewa ga ligaments na lokaci (misali, hakori subluxation), tsagewar wucin gadi na haƙoran da suka ji rauni na iya rage zafi da haɓaka iya cin abinci. Ya kamata a yi amfani da splinting kawai a wasu yanayi. Spliting a gefe da extrusive luxation yana da mummunan hasashen fiye da karyewar tushen. Dole ne a wanke haƙori na dindindin a hankali a ƙarƙashin ruwan famfo sannan a sake dasa shi nan da nan a cikin kwas ɗinsa na asali a cikin ƙashin alveolar sannan daga baya likitan haƙori ya tsage shi na ɗan lokaci. Rashin sake dasa hakoran da ya yi rauni a cikin mintuna 40 na farko bayan raunin da ya faru na iya haifar da mummunan hasashen hakori. Gudanar da hakora na farko da suka ji rauni ya bambanta da sarrafa hakora na dindindin; kada a sake dasa hakori na farko da ya yi rauni (don guje wa lalacewar crypt ɗin haƙori na dindindin). Wannan ya faru ne saboda kusancin koli na haƙori na farko zuwa madaidaicin hakori a ƙasa. Haƙori na dindindin zai iya wahala daga lalacewar haƙori, hakora masu tasiri da tashin hankali saboda rauni ga haƙoran farko. Ya kamata a ko da yaushe fifiko shine rage yuwuwar lalacewar hakora na dindindin. Ga sauran raunin da ya faru, yana da mahimmanci a kiyaye tsabtar wurin ta amfani da buroshin haƙori mai laushi da wankin baki kamar chlorhexidine gluconate. Ana kuma ba da shawarar abinci mai laushi da nisantar wasanni a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Ya kamata a nemi kulawar hakori da sauri.
Tashin hankali[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Haƙorin da ya sami rauni zai iya zama sako-sako saboda ligament na periodontal ya zama lalacewa ko karaya zuwa tushen hakori. Splinating yana tabbatar da cewa haƙori yana riƙe a daidai matsayi a cikin soket, yana tabbatar da cewa ba a sake samun rauni ba don ba da damar warkarwa. Tsaya na iya zama mai sassauƙa ko tauri. Ƙunƙarar sassauƙan sassauƙa ba sa cikar haƙoran da ke da rauni kuma har yanzu suna ba da izinin motsi na aiki. Sabanin haka, tsage-tsalle masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na hana haƙoran da ke da rauni gaba ɗaya.[15] Jagorar kasa da kasa na hakori na numfashi na hakori tsawo.
Matsaloli[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ba duk abubuwan da suka faru na rauni ba ne nan da nan kuma yawancin su na iya faruwa watanni ko shekaru bayan abin da ya faru na farko don haka yana buƙatar dogon lokaci. Rikice-rikice na yau da kullun sune necrosis na pulpal, shafewar pulpal, resorption tushe da lalacewa ga haƙoran magada a cikin raunin haƙora na farko. Mafi yawan rikitarwa shine ɓangaren litattafan almara necrosis (34.2%). 50% na hakori da ke da rauni da ke da alaka da avulsion sun sami resorption na tushen ankylotic bayan TIC na tsakiya (lokacin da ya wuce tsakanin abin da ya faru da kuma ganewar rikitarwa) na shekaru 1.18. Hakora waɗanda ke da abubuwan haɗari masu yawa kuma sun nuna suna da babbar dama ta ɓangaren ɓangaren litattafan almara (61.9%) idan aka kwatanta da hakora waɗanda suka sami rauni guda ɗaya (25.3%) a cikin binciken (1)
pulpal necrosis[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Pulp necrosis yawanci yana faruwa ko dai a matsayin ischemic necrosis (infarction) wanda ya haifar da rushewar samar da jini a farfajiyar apical ko azaman kamuwa da cuta mai alaƙa da kamuwa da cuta biyo bayan raunin haƙora (2). Alamomin pulpal necrosis sun haɗa da M launin toka to hakori wanda ba ya dusashe Alamomin rediyo na kumburin periapical Alamun asibiti na kamuwa da cuta: taushi, sinus, suppuration, kumburi Zaɓuɓɓukan jiyya za su zama hakar haƙori na farko. Don haƙori na dindindin, ana iya la'akari da maganin endodontic.
Tushen resorption[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Rushewar tushen bayan raunin haƙora mai rauni, ko yana tare da tushen tushe ko a cikin tushen tushen ya zama mabiyi na abubuwan warkar da rauni, inda aka yi asarar adadi mai yawa na PDL ko ɓangaren litattafan almara saboda sakamakon mummunan rauni.
Rushewar bugun jini[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
4-24% na hakora masu rauni za su sami wasu digiri na ɓacin rai wanda ke da alaƙa da asarar sararin samaniya ta hanyar rediyo da launin rawaya na rawanin asibiti. Ba a buƙatar magani idan yana da asymptomatic. Zaɓuɓɓukan jiyya za su kasance cirewar haƙori na farko na alamomi. Don alamar haƙori na dindindin, maganin canal sau da yawa yana da ƙalubale saboda ɗakin ɓangaren litattafan almara yana cike da kayan da aka lakafta kuma 'saukarwa' jin shiga ɗakin ɓangaren litattafan almara ba zai faru ba.
Lalacewar hakoran magaji[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Raunin hakori ga hakora na farko na iya haifar da lahani ga haƙoran dindindin. Lalacewar hakora na dindindin musamman a lokacin girma na iya haifar da sakamako masu zuwa:
- Rarraba rawani
- Odontoma-kamar rashin lafiya
- Sequestration na dindindin kwayoyin cuta
- Tushen diaceration
- Kame tushen samuwar
Bincike[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ciwon hakori ya fi kowa a cikin matasa, yana lissafin kashi 17% na raunin da aka samu ga jiki a cikin shekaru 0-6 idan aka kwatanta da matsakaicin 5% a duk shekaru. An fi lura da shi a cikin maza idan aka kwatanta da mata. Raunin hakora masu rauni sun fi zama ruwan dare a cikin hakora na dindindin idan aka kwatanta da hakora masu lalacewa kuma yawanci sun haɗa da haƙoran gaba na muƙamuƙi na sama. "Yankin baka ya ƙunshi kashi 1% na duka yanki na jiki, amma duk da haka yana da kashi 5% na duk raunin jiki. A cikin yara masu zuwa makaranta, raunin baki ya kai kashi 17% na duk raunin jiki. -3%, kuma yaduwa yana tsaye a 20-30%." Kusan kashi 30 cikin 100 na yaran da ke makarantun gaba da sakandare sun fuskanci rauni a hakora na farko. Raunin hakori wanda ya shafi hakora na dindindin yana faruwa kusan kashi 25% na yara a makaranta da 30% na manya. Lamarin ya banbanta a kasashe daban-daban da ma cikin kasar kanta. Hatsarin haƙori ya dogara ne da yanayin aikin mutum da kuma abubuwan da ke kewaye da su amma waɗannan su ne manyan abubuwan haɗari idan aka kwatanta da shekarun mutum da jinsi. Raɗaɗi shine mafi yawan abin da ke haifar da asarar ciyawa na dindindin a lokacin ƙuruciya. Ciwon hakori sau da yawa yana haifar da babban mawuyacin hali irin su pulpal necrosis, kuma yana da wuya a iya yin hasashen hasashen dogon lokaci na hakori da aka ji rauni kuma galibi yana haifar da matsalolin dawo da dogon lokaci.
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ https://dentaltraumaguide.org/injury-groups/permanent-teeth/
- ↑ "Permanent teeth – Dental Trauma Guide". Retrieved 2019-01-20.
- ↑ "Primary teeth – Dental Trauma Guide". Retrieved 2019-01-20.
- ↑ Flores MT, Andersson L, Andreasen JO, Bakland LK, Malmgren B, Barnett F, Bourguignon C, DiAngelis A, Hicks L, Sigurdsson A, Trope M, Tsukiboshi M, von Arx T (June 2007). "Guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries. II. Avulsion of permanent teeth". Dental Traumatology. 23 (3): 130–6. doi:10.1111/j.1600-9657.2007.00605.x. PMID 17511833.
- ↑ Tagar H, Djemal S (September 2017). "Oral surgery II: Part 1. Acute management of dentoalveolar trauma". British Dental Journal. 223 (6): 407–416. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.2017.805. PMID 28937097. S2CID 205668709.
- ↑ Durham J, Moore UJ, Hill CM, Renton T (December 2017). "Oral surgery II: Part 6. Oral and maxillofacial trauma". British Dental Journal. 223 (12): 877–883. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.2017.995. PMID 29269898. S2CID 19070108.
- ↑ Flores, Marie Therese (2002). "Traumatic injuries in the primary dentition". Dental Traumatology. 18 (6): 287–298. doi:10.1034/j.1600-9657.2002.00153.x. ISSN 1600-4469. PMID 12656861.
- ↑ Welbury RR, Duggal MS, Hosey MT, eds. (2007). Paediatric Dentistry (Third ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0071445085.
- ↑ Flores MT, Malmgren B, Andersson L, Andreasen JO, Bakland LK, Barnett F, Bourguignon C, DiAngelis A, Hicks L, Sigurdsson A, Trope M, Tsukiboshi M, von Arx T (August 2007). "Guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries. III. Primary teeth". Dental Traumatology. 23 (4): 196–202. doi:10.1111/j.1600-9657.2007.00627.x. PMID 17635351.
- ↑ "Guideline on Management of Acute Dental Trauma" (PDF). Council on Clinical Affairs. 2011.
- ↑ Jesus MA, Antunes LA, Risso P, Freire MV, Maia LC (January 2010). "Epidemiologic survey of traumatic dental injuries in children seen at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil". Brazilian Oral Research. 24 (1): 89–94. doi:10.1590/S1806-83242010000100015. PMID 20339720.
- ↑ Ivancic Jokic N, Bakarcic D, Fugosic V, Majstorovic M, Skrinjaric I (February 2009). "Dental trauma in children and young adults visiting a University Dental Clinic". Dental Traumatology. 25 (1): 84–7. doi:10.1111/j.1600-9657.2008.00711.x. PMID 19208016.
- ↑ Levin L, Zadik Y, Becker T (December 2005). "Oral and dental complications of intra-oral piercing". Dental Traumatology. 21 (6): 341–3. doi:10.1111/j.1600-9657.2005.00395.x. PMID 16262620.
- ↑ Leichter, Jonathan W.; Monteith, Brian D. (February 2006). "Prevalence and risk of traumatic gingival recession following elective lip piercing". Dental Traumatology (in Turanci). 22 (1): 7–13. doi:10.1111/j.1600-9657.2006.00332.x. ISSN 1600-4469.
- ↑ Hennequin‐Hoenderdos, Nl; Slot, De; Van der Weijden, Ga (February 2016). "The incidence of complications associated with lip and/or tongue piercings: a systematic review". International Journal of Dental Hygiene (in Turanci). 14 (1): 62–73. doi:10.1111/idh.12118. ISSN 1601-5029.