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Cocin Orthodox na Eritrea

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Cocin Orthodox na Eritrea
Classification
  • Cocin Orthodox na Eritrea
Sunan asali ተዋህዶ ቤተ ክርስትያን ኤርትራ

Cocin Orthodox Tewahedo (Tigrinya: ቤተ ክርስትያn ተዋህዶ ኤርትራ, romanized: beta kristyan tawahdo ertra)[1][2] ɗaya ne daga cikin Cocin Orthodox na Gabas mai hedkwata a Asmara, Eritrea.[3][4] Paparoma Shenouda III na Alexandria, Paparoma na Coptic Orthodox Church ne ya ba shi autocephaly, bayan Eritiriya ta sami 'yancin kai daga Habasha a 1993. Don haka, Cocin Eritrea ya ba da fifikon girmamawa ga Cocin 'yan Koftik.[5][6] Majiyoyi sun bambanta akan adadin kiristoci a cikin jama'ar Eritriya, tare da mafi yawan alkaluman kusan kusan rabin,[7][8] ko da yake wasu majiyoyi sun ba da rahoton dan kadan fiye da 60%. Kusan kashi 90% na Kiristocin Eritiriya mabiya addinin Orthodox ne. Sauran jama’a kusan musulmi ne.[9][10]

Tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cewar littafin Encyclopedia na Katolika (1917 edition) labarin akan Henoticon: a kusa da 500 AD bishop a cikin Patriarchates na Alexandria, Antakiya da Urushalima sun ƙi yarda da koyarwar "yanayi biyu" da Majalisar Chalcedon ta zartar a cikin 451, don haka sun rabu da kansu daga sauran kiristanci tun wancan lokacin.[11][12] Wannan taron na Kirista na daban ya zama sananne da Oriental Orthodoxy.[13][14] Cocin Orthodox na Gabas, waɗanda a yau sun haɗa da Cocin Coptic Orthodox na Alexandria, Cocin Apostolic Armeniya, Cocin Orthodox na Syria,[15][16] Cocin Orthodox na Siriya na Malankara na Indiya, Cocin Orthodox Tewahedo na Habasha, Cocin Orthodox Tewahedo Church, da Ikilisiyar Orthodox Tewahedo ta Eritrea.[17][18] Ikilisiya, ana kiranta da "Ban Kaledonia". Waɗannan majami'u da kansu suna kwatanta Kiristi a matsayin miaphysite, amma na waje sukan kwatanta su a matsayin monophysite.[19][20]

Jesuit na wucin gadi

Ignatius na Loyola (1491-1556) ya so ya gwada aikin tuba, amma hakan bai faru ba. Maimakon haka, Paparoma Paul III ya aika João Nunes Barreto [pt] a matsayin sarki na Gabashin Indiya,[21] tare da Andrés de Oviedo a matsayin bishop; kuma daga wakilan Goa (wanda Oviedo ya biyo baya) ya tafi Habasha.[22][23]

Autocephaly bayan 'yancin kai na Eritrea

Sarkin Eritrea na farko mai cin gashin kansa shi ne Abune Phillipos, wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 2002 kuma Abune Yacob ya gaje shi. Mulkin Abune Yacob a matsayin sarki na Eritiriya ya kasance ɗan gajeren lokaci, domin ya rasu bai daɗe da hawansa karagar mulki ba,[24] kuma Abune Antonios ya gaje shi a matsayin sarki na 3 na Eritriya.[25] An zabi Abune Antonios ne a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2004, kuma ya hau gadon sarauta a matsayin shugaban Cocin Orthodox na Orthodox na Eritrea a ranar 24 ga Afrilu 2004. Paparoma Shenouda III ya jagoranci bikin a Asmara, tare da Majalisar Dattawa mai tsarki na Cocin Orthodox na Eritrea da Coptic Orthodox na 'yan Koftik. Wakilan coci.[26]

A cikin watan Agustan 2005, Abune Antonios, Shugaban Cocin Orthodox na Eritrea, an tsare shi ga wani gagarumin aikin biki. A wata wasika mai dauke da kwanan wata 13 ga watan Janairun 2006, an sanar da Patriarch Abune Antonios cewa, bayan wasu tarukan da aka yi na Majalisar Dattijai na cocin, an tsige shi a hukumance. A wata rubutacciyar amsa da aka yi ta yadawa, Paparoma ya yi watsi da dalilan korar sa, ya kuma nuna shakku kan sahihancin majalisar, sannan ya kori wasu mutane biyu da suka sanya hannu kan wasikar ranar 13 ga watan Janairun 2006, ciki har da Yoftahe Dimetros, wanda shugaban ya bayyana cewa shi ne ke da alhakin gudanar da cocin. tashin hankali na baya-bayan nan. Patriarch Antonios ya kuma daukaka kararsa zuwa Majalisar Dokokin Ikilisiyar Orthodox na Eritrea da Coptic Orthodox Church na Alexandria. Majalisar dattawan Eritiriya ta sauke Abune Antonios bisa zargin gwamnatin Eritrea; har zuwa 2006 yana tsare a gida.[27]

Akidoji

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cikin gamayya tare da dukkanin Orthodox na Gabas, Orthodox na Gabas, da majami'un Orthodox na Yammacin Yamma; Cocin Katolika da Tsohuwar Ikklisiyoyin Katolika na Union of Utrecht, Ikilisiyar Orthodox Tewahedo ta Eritrea tana da'awar imani da sacraments bakwai na baftisma, tabbatarwa, eucharist, ikirari, shafewar marasa lafiya, auren aure, da umarni masu tsarki. Yana kallon hudun farko da cewa “wajibi ne ga kowane mumini”[28]

Ikilisiya tana riƙe da bangaskiyar Kirista ta dā a cikin Haƙiƙanin kasancewar Kristi a cikin Eucharist yana bayyana cewa " Gurasar da aka keɓe da ruwan inabi sune jiki da jinin Kristi. muna cin naman Ubangijinmu mai albarka kuma muna shan jininsa mai daraja a ƙarƙashin nau'in gurasa da giya."[29]

Kamar yadda yake a cikin sauran al’adun Kiristanci na Gabas, igiyar aure tana iya wargajewa, amma bisa dalilin zina. Don kiyaye ayyukan bangaskiya, an hana membobin coci su auri mutanen da ba sa cikin tarayyar Orthodox. Membobin Ikklisiya waɗanda ke yin bikin farar hula kawai ba a ɗaukar su a matsayin aure na sacramentally.[30]

Harshen liturgical

Harshen liturgical na al'ada na Cocin Orthodox na Eritrea shine Geʽez. Wannan shi ne yaren Kiristocin Aksumawa na farko na yankin. Ko da yake Geʽez ba shi da sauran masu magana da yaren, har yanzu ana amfani da harshen don ayyukan liturgical na coci da bukukuwa. Amma ana yin sibket ko wa’azin a yaren Tigrinya na gida[31]. A halin yanzu ana maye gurbin Geʽez da Tigrinya, a matsayin babban yare don hidimar coci.[32]

Canon Littafi Mai Tsarki

Canon Littafi Mai-Tsarki na Cocin Tewahedo ya ƙunshi littattafai 81, gami da kusan duka waɗanda sauran Kiristocin Orthodox da na Gabas suka yarda da su; Banda shi ne Littattafan Maccabees, aƙalla wasu daga cikinsu an yarda da su a cikin Orthodox na Gabas da sauran majami'un Orthodox na Gabas, amma ba a cikin majami'un Orthodox ba (littattafan Meqabyan, waɗanda aka karɓa a maimakon haka, suna da suna mai alaƙa da etymologically, amma. maimakon abun ciki daban-daban). Canon Orthodox na Eritriya da na Habasha Orthodox na Habasha iri ɗaya ne.[33][34]

Canon mai kunkuntar kuma ya ƙunshi Anuhu, Jubilee, da littattafai guda uku na Meqabyan; Canon Mai Faɗaɗi ya haɗa da duk littattafan da aka samo a cikin kunkuntar Canon, da kuma Littattafai biyu na Alkawari, Littattafai huɗu na Sinodos, Littafin Clement, da Didascalia;[35][36]

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church". World Council of Churches. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
  2. ↑ Melton, J. Gordon; Baumann, Martin (21 September 2010). Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, 2nd Edition [6 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 993. ISBN 978-1-59884-204-3.
  3. ↑ "2019 Report on International Religious Freedom: Eritrea"
  4. ↑ Eritrean Orthodox Church". Lisan Tewahedo. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
  5. ↑ ወግዓዊት ዌብ ሳይት ኦርቶዶክስ ተዋሕዶ ቤተ ክርስቲያን ኤርትራ – ቀዳሚ ገጽ". www.lisantewahdo.org. Retrieved 2022-09-03
  6. ↑ Eritrea Religion Profile". The Association of Religion Data Archives (the ARDA). Retrieved 2025-06-02.
  7. ↑ Eritrean Orthodox Church (Oriental Orthodox) Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com
  8. ↑ Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 2015-04-02. Archived from the original on 2017-10-26. Retrieved 2025-06-02.
  9. ↑ Ph.D, Mussie Tesfagiorgis G. (29 October 2010). Eritrea. ABC-CLIO. p. 157. ISBN 978-1-59884-232-6.
  10. ↑ Catholic Encyclopedia: Henoticon". www.newadvent.org. Retrieved 2022-09-03.
  11. ↑ Winkler 1997, p. 33-40.
  12. ↑ "The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (EOTC". prairienet.org. Archived from the original on 2008-09-21. Retrieved 2008-09-14
  13. ↑ Brock 2016, p. 45-52.
  14. ↑ Official Consecration of His Reverend Abune Qerlos, 5th Patriarch of Eritrea". Ministry of Information of Eritrea. 13 June 2021. Retrieved 2021-06-15
  15. ↑ The Sacramental Theology". prairienet.org. Archived from the original on 2008-09-07. Retrieved 2008-09-14.
  16. ↑ "Orthodox patriarch of Eritrea sacked". 2006-02-01. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-02-05.
  17. ↑ "Abune Qerlos Elected as 5th Patriarch". Ministry of Information of Eritrea. 13 May 2021. Retrieved 2021-06-13.
  18. ↑ NgCheong-Lum, Roseline; Orr, Tamra (15 April 2020). Eritrea. Cavendish Square Publishing, LLC. pp. 83–84. ISBN 978-1-5026-5578-3.
  19. ↑ Eritrea Imposes New Controls on Orthodox Church". Compass Direct News. 2006. Retrieved 2007-01-05
  20. ↑ Fahlbusch, Erwin; Lochman, Jan Milič; Bromiley, Geoffrey William; Mbiti, John S.; Pelikan, Jaroslav; Barrett, David B.; Vischer, Lukas (1999). The Encyclopedia of Christianity. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 121. ISBN 978-90-04-11695-5.
  21. ↑ Daoud, Marcos; Hazen, Blatta Marsie (1991). "The Liturgy of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church". Ethiopian Orthodox Church. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
  22. ↑ Hable Selassie, Sergew (1997). The Church of Ethiopia – A panorama of History and Spiritual Life. Addis Abeba, Ethiopia: Berhanena Selam. p. 66.
  23. ↑ Hable Selassie, Sergew (1997). The Church of Ethiopia – A panorama of History and Spiritual Life. Addis Abeba, Ethiopia: Berhanena Selam. p. 66.
  24. ↑ Mary Cecil, 2nd Baroness Amherst of Hackney (1906). A Sketch of Egyptian History from the Earliest Times to the Present Day. Methuen. p. 399. Prayers 7 times a day are enjoined, and the most strict among the Copts recite one of more of the Psalms of David each time they pray. They always wash their hands and faces before devotions, and turn to the East
  25. ↑ Kosloski, Philip (16 October 2017). "Did you know Muslims pray in a similar way to some Christians?". Aleteia. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
  26. ↑ Binns, John (28 November 2016). The Orthodox Church of Ethiopia: A History. I.B.Tauris. p. 58. ISBN 9781786720375. The king presided, overruled the bishops who were committed to the more usual position that Sunday only was a holy day, and decreed that the Sabbatarian teaching of the northern monks became the position of the church.
  27. ↑ The Sabbath: A Hallowed and Holy Day". Coptic Orthodox Diocese of the Southern United States. Since the first century, Christians made Sunday the Christian Sabbath and kept Saturday as the Jewish Sabbath
  28. ↑ The Sabbath: A Hallowed and Holy Day". Coptic Orthodox Diocese of the Southern United States. Since the first century, Christians made Sunday the Christian Sabbath and kept Saturday as the Jewish Sabbath.
  29. ↑ Platt, Thomas Pell (1834). "The Ethiopic Didascalia: Or, the Ethiopic Version of the Apostolical Constitutions, Received in the Church of Abyssinia". Assemble yourselves together in the church, evening and morning; offer up praises, and sing; and read the Psalms of David, the sixty-second, and moreover the hundred and fortieth. And especially on the Jewish Sabbath, and on the first day of the week, the Christian Sabbath, which is the day of His holy resurrection, offer up praises and thanksgivings and glory to the Lord, who hath created all things by his Son Jesus Christ, whom he sent unto us, who was pleased to suffer according to his will, and was buried in the tomb, and rose again from the dead.
  30. ↑ "Apostolic Constitutions (Book VIII)". XXXIII. I Peter and Paul do make the following constitutions. Let the slaves work five days; but on the Sabbath day and the Lord's day let them have leisure to go to church for instruction in piety. We have said that the Sabbath is on account of the creation, and the Lord's day of the resurrection. Let slaves rest from their work all the great week, and that which follows it — for the one in memory of the passion, and the other of the resurrection; and there is need they should be instructed who it is that suffered and rose again, and who it is permitted Him to suffer, and raised Him again. Let them have rest from their work on the Ascension, because it was the conclusion of the dispensation by Christ. Let them rest at Pentecost, because of the coming of the Holy Spirit, which was given to those that believed in Christ. Let them rest on the festival of His birth, because on it the unexpected favour was granted to men, that Jesus Christ, the Logos of God, should be born of the Virgin Mary, for the salvation of the world. Let them rest on the festival of Epiphany, because on it a manifestation took place of the divinity of Christ, for the Father bore testimony to Him at the baptism; and the Paraclete, in the form of a dove, pointed out to the bystanders Him to whom testimony was borne. Let them rest on the days of the apostles: for they were appointed your teachers to bring you to Christ, and made you worthy of the Spirit. Let them rest on the day of the first martyr Stephen, and of the other holy martyrs who preferred Christ to their own life.
  31. ↑ Скончался Предстоятель Эритрейской Церкви: новость ОВЦС". Отдел внешних церковных связей. Московского Патриархата
  32. ↑ Tamrat, Taddesse (1972). Church and State in Ethiopia, 1270-1527. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821671-1. OCLC 653228.
  33. ↑ Abir, Mordechai (28 October 2013). Ethiopia and the Red Sea: The Rise and Decline of the Solomonic Dynasty and Muslim European Rivalry in the Region. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-28090-0.
  34. ↑ "ሊቀ ጳጳስ ብፁዕ አቡነ ባስልዮስ 6ይ ፓትርያርክ ኦርቶዶክስ ተዋሕዶ ቤተ ክርስቲያን ኤርትራ ኮይኖም ተመሪጾም!". lisantewahdo.org.
  35. ↑ Issue 122 – Circumcision and the Copts | the British Orthodox Church". britishorthodox.org
  36. ↑ Abune Basilyos Elected as Patriarch of Eritrean Orthodox Church". Orthodoxy Cognate PAGE. 9 December 2024
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