Denaʼina harshe

kayan tanaina Wanda aka bayar a shekarar 1846

Tafkin tanaina

tawirar yankin tanaina

 

Mutumin	Dena
Mutane	Dena'ina
Harshe	Dena'ina Qenaga
Kasar	Dena'ina Ełnena

Dena'ina /dɪˈnaɪnə/, kuma Tanaina, yare ne na Athabaskan na yankin da ke kewaye da Cook Inlet . Yana da bambancin ƙasa a Alaska a matsayin kawai yaren Alaska Athabaskan don haɗawa da yankin da ke kan iyaka da ruwan gishiri. Yawancin lokaci ana rarrabe yare huɗu:

1. Upper Inlet, ana magana da shi a cikin Eklutna, Knik, Susitna, Tyonek
2. Outer Inlet, ana magana da shi a Kenai, Kustatan, Seldovia
3. Iliamna, ana magana da shi a Pedro Bay, Tsohon Iliamna, yankin Tafkin Iliamna
4. Inland, ana magana a Nondalton, Ƙauyen Lime

Daga cikin yawan mutanen Denaʼina kusan mutane 900, mambobi 75-95 ne kawai ke magana da Denaʼina. James Kari ya yi aiki mai yawa a kan harshe tun 1972, gami da fitowarsa tare da Alan Boraas na rubuce-rubucen da aka tattara na Peter Californsky a 1991. Joan M. Tenenbaum ta kuma gudanar da bincike mai zurfi kan harshe a cikin shekarun 1970s.

Sunan kabilanci

Kalmar ina-language text" typeof="mw:Transclusion">dena"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwKw" title="Tanaina-language text" typeof="mw:Transclusion">Dena'ina ta ƙunshi dena, ma'ana 'mutum' da kuma adadi mai yawa na ɗan adam ina. Duk da yake apostrophe wanda ya haɗu da ɓangarorin biyu na wannan kalma yawanci yana nuna tsayawa, yawancin masu magana suna furta wannan tare da diphthong, don haka syllable na biyu na kalmar yana da alaƙa da Turanci 'shekaru' (kamar yadda yake a cikin tsohuwar rubutun Tanaina).  

Fasahar sauti

Denaʼina yana ɗaya daga cikin harsuna bakwai na Alaska Athabaskan wanda ba ya rarrabe sautin sauti.

Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

Harshen Denaʼina a cikin rubutun rubutu, tare da kwatankwacin IPA.

		Labari	Dental			Palatal	Velar	Rashin ƙarfi	Gishiri
			fili	gefen	Mai sibilant
Hanci		Ya kam a yi amfani da shiYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya	Ya kasan a cikinYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya
Plosive da Affricate Rashin lafiya	fili	p (Shin)	Ya kamat a yi amfani da shiYa ƙunshiSanya	t͡ɬ SwidthAn tsara shiSanya	Sashen t͡s ya faruYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya	t͡ʃ ShaanYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya	Sanya	Ƙadq da itaSanya	Sunan ʔ ake cikiYanayinSanya
	da ake nema		th zama hakaYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya	SashenYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya	SashenYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya	SashenYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya	Ƙadkh daYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya	A cikin shekara taYanayinSanya
	fitarwa		tʼ yayaWannan shi ne abin da ya faruSanya	Sunubiyar TsaroWannan ya shafiSanya	Sunubiyar TsaroYanayinSanya	SunubiyarYanayinSanya	Sunubi kʼYanayiSanya	qʼ'Abin da za a yi amfani da shiYanayiSanya
Fricative	ba tare da murya ba	(f)		__hau__ Ƙasashen ɬ aka yi amfani da suYin amfani da shiSanya	s da aka yiYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya	SashenYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya	ShinYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya	χ yi amfani da shiYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya	h kamata a yi amfani da shiWannan shi ne kumaSanya
	murya	SanyaYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya			z Z Z ZuwaYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya	SashinSanya	ɣ yi amfani da shiYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya	ʁ yi amfani da shi a matsayinYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya
Kusanci				SanyaYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya	(Abin da ke cikin ƙasa) [ƙananan-alpha 1]	j zama hakaYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya	(w)