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Denaʼina harshe

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
kayan tanaina Wanda aka bayar a shekarar 1846
Tafkin tanaina
tawirar yankin tanaina

 

Mutumin Dena
Mutane Dena'ina
Harshe Dena'ina Qenaga
Kasar Dena'ina Ełnena

Dena'ina /dɪˈnaɪnə/, kuma Tanaina, yare ne na Athabaskan na yankin da ke kewaye da Cook Inlet . Yana da bambancin ƙasa a Alaska a matsayin kawai yaren Alaska Athabaskan don haɗawa da yankin da ke kan iyaka da ruwan gishiri. Yawancin lokaci ana rarrabe yare huɗu:

  1. Upper Inlet, ana magana da shi a cikin Eklutna, Knik, Susitna, Tyonek
  2. Outer Inlet, ana magana da shi a Kenai, Kustatan, Seldovia
  3. Iliamna, ana magana da shi a Pedro Bay, Tsohon Iliamna, yankin Tafkin Iliamna
  4. Inland, ana magana a Nondalton, Ƙauyen Lime

Daga cikin yawan mutanen Denaʼina kusan mutane 900, mambobi 75-95 ne kawai ke magana da Denaʼina. James Kari ya yi aiki mai yawa a kan harshe tun 1972, gami da fitowarsa tare da Alan Boraas na rubuce-rubucen da aka tattara na Peter Californsky a 1991. Joan M. Tenenbaum ta kuma gudanar da bincike mai zurfi kan harshe a cikin shekarun 1970s.

Sunan kabilanci

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kalmar ina-language text" typeof="mw:Transclusion">dena"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwKw" title="Tanaina-language text" typeof="mw:Transclusion">Dena'ina ta ƙunshi dena, ma'ana 'mutum' da kuma adadi mai yawa na ɗan adam ina. Duk da yake apostrophe wanda ya haɗu da ɓangarorin biyu na wannan kalma yawanci yana nuna tsayawa, yawancin masu magana suna furta wannan tare da diphthong, don haka syllable na biyu na kalmar yana da alaƙa da Turanci 'shekaru' (kamar yadda yake a cikin tsohuwar rubutun Tanaina).  

Fasahar sauti

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Denaʼina yana ɗaya daga cikin harsuna bakwai na Alaska Athabaskan wanda ba ya rarrabe sautin sauti.

Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Harshen Denaʼina a cikin rubutun rubutu, tare da kwatankwacin IPA.

Labari Dental Palatal Velar Rashin ƙarfi Gishiri
fili gefen Mai sibilant
Hanci Ya kam a yi amfani da shiYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya Ya kasan a cikinYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya
Plosive da Affricate
Rashin lafiya
fili p (Shin) Ya kamat a yi amfani da shiYa ƙunshiSanya t͡ɬ SwidthAn tsara shiSanya Sashen t͡s ya faruYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya t͡ʃ ShaanYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya Sanya Ƙadq da itaSanya Sunan ʔ ake cikiYanayinSanya
da ake nema th zama hakaYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya SashenYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya SashenYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya SashenYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya Ƙadkh daYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya A cikin shekara taYanayinSanya
fitarwa tʼ yayaWannan shi ne abin da ya faruSanya Sunubiyar TsaroWannan ya shafiSanya Sunubiyar TsaroYanayinSanya SunubiyarYanayinSanya Sunubi kʼYanayiSanya qʼ'Abin da za a yi amfani da shiYanayiSanya
Fricative ba tare da murya ba (f) __hau__ Ƙasashen ɬ aka yi amfani da suYin amfani da shiSanya s da aka yiYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya SashenYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya ShinYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya χ yi amfani da shiYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya h kamata a yi amfani da shiWannan shi ne kumaSanya
murya SanyaYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya z Z Z ZuwaYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya SashinSanya ɣ yi amfani da shiYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya ʁ yi amfani da shi a matsayinYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya
Kusanci SanyaYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya (Abin da ke cikin ƙasa) [ƙananan-alpha 1][lower-alpha 1] j zama hakaYa kamata a yi amfani da shiSanya (w)


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