Djaru harshe

Djaru harshe
Dangin harshen	abu; abstract entity (en) ; languoid (en) ; language (en) ; human language (en) ; Australian Aboriginal languages (en) ; Pama–Nyungan (en) ; Desert Nyungic (en) ; Ngumpin–Yapa (en) ; Ngumbin (en) ; Djaru harshe; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	ddj
Glottolog	jaru1254

Djaru (Tjaru) yare ne na Pama-Nyungan da ake magana a yankin kudu maso gabashin Kimberley na Yammacin Australia . Kamar yadda yake tare da mafi yawan harsunan Pama-Nyungan, Djaru ya haɗa da lambobi guda ɗaya, biyu da jam'i. Djaru kuma ya haɗa da abubuwa na yaren kurame a cikin ƙamus (wani hali na yau da kullun na yarukan Aboriginal na Australiya gabaɗaya). Sunayen a cikin Djaru ba su haɗa da nau'ikan jinsi ba, kuma ban da sauye-sauye, ana samar da kalmomi ta hanyar tushen, haɗuwa ko sake maimaitawa. kalma a cikin Djaru yana da ɗan 'yanci (kuma alama ce ta harsunan Aboriginal na Australiya) kuma yana da ikon raba kalmomi masu suna. Harshen Djaru yana da ƙananan kalmomi, idan aka kwatanta da yawancin harsuna, don haka yana amfani da tsarin 'preverb' da kalmomi masu rikitarwa don ramawa. Djaru kuma yana da harshen gujewa. ^[2] gujewa, wani lokacin ana kiransu 'harsunan surukarta', rajista ne na musamman a cikin harshe da ake magana tsakanin wasu dangin (yawanci mutum mai aure da surukarta) - irin waɗannan rajista sun zama ruwan dare a duk yarukan Australiya.

Yawan masu magana da Djaru ya ragu sosai tun daga ƙarshen karni na 19 lokacin da fararen mazauna suka shiga yankin Djaru kuma suka kashe mazaunanta. Mutanen Djaru tun daga lokacin sun karbi wasu fannoni na rayuwar yamma (aiki da rayuwa a gonaki da garuruwa) kuma sun ƙaura daga aikin yau da kullun na wasu hanyoyin rayuwa na gargajiya. sakamakon haka, yaren Djaru yana fuskantar matsin lamba na raguwar yawan masu magana, karuwar dogaro da Turanci tsakanin masu magana da shi, da kuma gwamnatin fari ta Australiya wacce ta saba adawa da amfani ko ilimi na kowane harshe na Australiya na asali.

Fasahar sauti

Kalmomin farko na kalma a cikin Djaru na iya zama kowane ma'ana ko rabin sautin ban da maɓallin alveolar /ɾ/ ko gefen palatal /ʎ/. Kalmar na iya ƙare da kowane sautin sai dai ga rabin sautin.

Matsi yana faruwa a kan sashi na farko na kalma, kuma a kan sashe na farko na morpheme na biyu. Harshen da aka jaddada yana da mahimmanci a cikin farar, amma damuwa a cikin Djaru, kamar yadda yake tare da farar, ba shi da mahimmanci. , damuwa da farar ba su da wani muhimmin abu game da ma'anar kalma.

Djaru ta ƙunshe da wani daga cikin fricatives (misali [f], [v], [ʃ], [ð]) ko affricates (misali[pf], [ts]); waɗannan nau'ikan sauti ba sa samuwa a kowane harshe na Aboriginal na Australiya.

Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

Fonoems
	bakinsa	alveolar	retroflex	baki	mai tsaro
tsayawa	b	d	Abin da ya faru	ɟ	ɡ
hanci	m	n	Ƙarshen	ɲ	ŋ
gefen		l	Sanya	ʎ
murfin / murfin		ɾ	Sanya
sassan sautin				j	w

Manazarta

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Djaru harshe". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :02

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Djaru harshe". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[:02-2] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :02

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