Ekiti

Ekiti (sauraraⓘ) (Yarbanci: Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkìtì) jiha ce a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya, Jihar Kwara ta yi iyaka da Arewa da tsawon kilomita 61, Jihar Kogi ta yi iyaka da Arewa da tsawon kilomita 92, Jihar Ondo ta yi iyaka da Kudu da Kudu maso Kudu, sannan Jihar Osun ta yi iyaka da Yamma da tsawon kilomita 84. An sanya wa mutanen Ekiti suna—ƙabilar Yarabawa da ta fi yawan jama'ar jihar—An cire Jihar Ekiti daga wani yanki na Jihar Ondo a shekarar 1996 kuma babban birninta shi ne birnin Ado-Ekiti.

Ƙungiyar tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan jihohi kuma mafi ilimi da ke da mafi yawan farfesoshi a Najeriya, Ekiti ita ce ta 31 mafi girma a yankin kuma ta 30 mafi yawan jama'a tare da kimanin yawan jama'a kusan miliyan 3.5 a shekarar 2022. A fannin yanayin ƙasa, jihar ta rabu tsakanin dazuzzukan ƙasa na Najeriya a mafi yawan jihar da kuma dajin Guinea mai bushewa—savannah mosaic a arewa. Daga cikin yanayin jihar akwai ƙabilar acraeas ta ƙarya, biri mona, buffalo na daji, da kuma aku masu launin toka tare da ɗaya daga cikin ƙabilar chimpanzee ta ƙarshe da ta rage a Najeriya-Cameroon tare da ƙungiyar chimpanzee kusan 20 a cikin Dajin Ise da ke fuskantar barazanar tsaro. A watan Maris na 2022, Jihar Ekiti ta zama jiha ta farko a Najeriya da ta rungumi bishiyar jiha a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin alamominta na hukuma. A Ranar Dajin Duniya ta 2022, Gwamna Kayode Fayemi ya sanar da cewa an zaɓi Obeche (Triplochiton scleroxylon) a matsayin Itacen Jiha saboda shahararsa a yankin da kuma mahimmancin muhalli, tattalin arziki da al'adu.

Jihar Ekiti ta zamani ta kasance tana zaune ne tsawon ƙarni da yawa tsakanin mutanen Ekiti, wani ƙaramin rukuni na Yarabawa, tare da tsiraru na ƙaramin rukuni na Iyabobi na Iyabo, da kuma ƙaramin rukuni na Yarabawa YagbaEkiti. A fannin addini, yawancin al'ummar jihar (~90%) Kiristoci ne, tare da ƙananan kabilun Musulmi da na gargajiya da ke da kusan kashi 5% da 5%, bi da bi.[an yi hasashe]

A lokacin kafin mulkin mallaka, yankin da yanzu ake kira Jihar Ekiti ya kasance ƙarƙashin ikonsa, kamar sauran ƙabilu a ƙasar Yarabawa ta yanzu, ta hanyar ƙungiyar Ibadan mai tsattsauran ra'ayi wadda ta kai ga rugujewar ikon mulkin mallaka (Ibadan) a shekarun 1890, kuma a ƙarshe, ƙasar Ekiti wadda ta kafa ƙungiyar Ekiti a rabin ƙarshe na shekarun 1800. Daga 1877 zuwa 1893, ƙungiyar Ekiti Confederacy (EkitiParapo) ta yi yaƙi da Oyo-Ibadan a lokacin Yaƙin Ekiti Parapo (wanda aka fi sani da Yaƙin Kiriji) wanda Fabunmi Okemesi-Ekiti ya jagoranta tare da sauran ƙungiyoyin Yarabawa ta Gabas da sauran ƙungiyoyin Yamma na Yarabawa; Yaƙin ya ƙare da rikicin da Birtaniya ta yi da 'yan ƙasar kafin yankin ya zama mallakin Birtaniya kuma ya shiga cikin yankin 'yantar da 'yan asalin ƙasar Birtaniya wanda daga baya ya haɗu ya zama 'yan asalin ƙasar Birtaniya a shekarar 1914. Bayan samun 'yancin kai a shekarar 1960, yankin da yanzu ake kira Ekiti ya kasance wani ɓangare na Yankin Yamma bayan samun 'yancin kai har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin kuma yankin ya zama wani ɓangare na Jihar Yamma. A shekarar 1976, an raba Jihar Yamma kuma gabashin jihar ya zama Jihar Ondo. Shekaru ashirin bayan haka, an raba yankin arewa maso yammacin Jihar Ondo (wanda a lokacin ake kira Yankin Ekiti) don samar da Jihar Ekiti.[4]

A fannin tattalin arziki, Jihar Ekiti ta dogara ne akan noma, galibi dawa, shinkafa, koko, da rogo. Manyan ƙananan masana'antu sune sare itatuwa da yawon buɗe ido. Ekiti tana da matsayi na goma sha uku mafi girma a cikin ƙasar kuma ana ɗaukarta a matsayin zuciyar ƙasar mutanen Ekiti.

Tarihi

Ekiti jiha ce mai zaman kanta kafin mamayar Birtaniya. Tana ɗaya daga cikin jihohin Yarbawa da yawa a cikin abin da ake kira Najeriya a yau. Mutanen Ekiti a matsayin ƙasa da gundumomi na kabilar Yarbawa suna bin diddigin wasu daga cikin zuriyarta ga Oduduwa, uba kuma kakan kabilar Yarbawa duk da cewa dalili mai kyau ya nuna wanzuwar mutanen asali a yankin Ekiti kafin shigowar sarauta daga Ile Ife na yanzu yayin da wannan masarauta ta girma da yalwa.

Akwai manyan makarantu guda biyu na tunani game da tarihin Ekiti. Na farko shine labarin da ya haɗa asalin Ekiti da Ife. Labarin ya ce Olofin, ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yan Oduduwa, yana da 'ya'ya 16 kuma a cikin hanyar neman sabuwar ƙasar da za a gina, duk sun yi tafiya daga Ile-Ife yayin da suke tafiya ta Iwo-Eleru (Kogon Toka) a Ijare kuma sun tsaya a wani wuri da ake kira Igbo-Aka (dajin tururuwa) kusa da Ile-Oluji.

Olofin, yara 16 da wasu mutane da aka ƙaunace su sun ci gaba da tafiyarsu, amma lokacin da suka isa wani wuri mai kyau da faɗi, Owa-Obokun (Sarkin ƙasar Ijesha) da Orangun na Ila suka yanke shawarar zama a ƙasar Ijesha da Igbomina ta yanzu a jihar Osun.[11] Yayin da sauran yara 14 suka yi tafiya zuwa gaba kuma daga baya suka zauna a ƙasar Ekiti ta yanzu. Sun gano cewa akwai tsaunuka da yawa a wurin kuma suka ce da harshen mahaifiyarsu cewa wannan "Ile olokiti" ƙasar tuddai ce. Saboda haka, daga baya aka haɗa Okiti da Ekiti. Don haka Ekiti ta samo sunanta ta cikin tuddai.

Wannan tarihin na iya bayyana tarihin wasu masarautu a Ekiti ta yanzu, amma ba dukkan Ekiti ba ne wanda ya ƙunshi manyan garuruwa 131, tare da masarautunsu da al'ummomin mallakar filaye da yawa ba tare da sarauta ba kwata-kwata. A gaskiya ma, sarakunan da suka mamaye Gabas sun ci gaba da mulkin mallaka da kuma canza 'yan asalin ƙasar, suna bambanta yaren Ekiti bayan sun haɗu da harshen Ife/Oyo na Yarabawa a cewar Samuel Johnson, sanannen masanin tarihi na farkon Jihohin Yarabawa da Harkokinsu.[10]

Mazhabar tunani ta biyu kan asalin Ekiti ta fi yiwuwa kuma ta dogara ne akan tarihi na gaske. An ce Oduduwa, kakan Yarabawa, ya yi tafiya zuwa Ife [Ife Ooyelagbo] inda ya haɗu da mutanen da suka riga suka zauna a can. Daga cikin dattawan da ya haɗu da su a garin akwai Agbonniregun [Stetillu], Obatala, Orelure, Obameri, Elesije, Obamirin, Obalejugbe kawai don ambaton kaɗan. An san cewa zuriyar Agbonniregun [Baba Ifa] sun zauna a Ekiti, misalai sune Alara da Ajero waɗanda 'ya'yan Ifa ne. Orunmila [Agbonniregun] da kansa ya yi mafi yawan rayuwarsa a Ado. Saboda haka, muna da kalmar 'Ado ni ile Ifa' [Ado shine gidan Ifa]. Tun daga lokacin Ekiti sun zauna a wurin da suke a yanzu.

Babu wanda zai iya bayar da takamaiman kwanan wata ga waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru saboda rashin tushe a rubuce, amma mutane sun rayu a Ekiti tsawon ƙarni da yawa. A rubuce yake cewa Obas na Ekiti sun sami mulki mai wadata a ƙarni na 13. Misali shine mulkin Ewi Ata na Ado-Ekiti a cikin shekarun 1400.

Game da Ekitis, Samuel Johnson ya faɗi haka:

"A tarihi, Ekitis suna cikin asalin ƙasar Najeriya waɗanda mayaƙa daga Gabas (mutanen Yoruba daga Ile Ife) suka mamaye. "Kalmar Ekiti tana nufin "Tudun", kuma an samo ta ne daga yanayin tsaunuka masu tsauri na wannan ɓangaren ƙasar. Lardi ne mai faɗi kuma mai ruwa sosai, gami da kabilu da iyalai da yawa har zuwa kan iyakar Nijar, gabas. Sun bambanta kansu da Ijesas, musamman a harkokin siyasa." (Samuel Johnson, Tarihin Yarabawa, 1921). Ana kyautata zaton cewa kakannin mutanen Ekiti waɗanda suka zo haɗuwa da mutanen asali a ƙasar sun yi ƙaura daga Ile Ife, gidan ruhaniya na mutanen Yarabawa. A cewar majiyoyin tarihin Yarabawa na baki da na zamani, Oduduwa, kakan Yarabawa ya yi tafiya zuwa Ife [Ife Ooyelagbo] inda ya haɗu da mutanen da suka riga suka zauna a can. Daga cikin dattawan da ya haɗu da su a garin akwai Agbonniregun [Stetillu], Obatala, Orelure, Obameri, Elesije, Obamirin, Obalejugbe kawai don ambaton kaɗan. An san cewa zuriyar Agbonniregun [Baba Ifa] sun zauna a Ekiti, misalai sune Alara da Ajero waɗanda 'ya'yan Ifa ne, Orunmila [Agbonniregun] da kansa ya yi mafi yawan rayuwarsa a Ado. Saboda haka, muna da kalmar 'Ado ni ile Ifa' [Ado shine gidan Ifa]. Tun daga lokacin Ekiti ta zauna a wurin da take a yanzu. An raba ƙasar Ekiti ta farko zuwa gundumomi 16 (kuma ana kula da ita har zuwa yau), kowannensu yana da nasa Owa ko Sarki (Owa kalma ce ta gama gari a cikinsu) waɗanda huɗu ne mafi girma, wato: — (1) Owore na Otun, (2) Ajero na Ijero, (3) Ewi na Ado da (4) Elekole na Ikole. Waɗannan su ne ƙananan sarakunan Ekiti: — (5) Alara na Aramako, (6) Alaye na Efon Alaye, (7) Ajanpanda na Akure, (8) Ologotun na Ogotun, (9) Olojudo na Ido, (10) Attah na Aiyede, (11) Oloja Oke na Igbo Odo, (12) Oloye na Oye, (13) Olomuwo na Omuwo, (14) Onire na Ire, (15) Arinjale na Ise da (16) Onitaji na Itaji. Wani lokaci ana rarraba Orangun na Ila a tsakaninsu, amma shi Ekiti ne kawai cikin tausayi, kasancewarsa ɗan iyali daban.

An kafa jihar Ekiti ta zamani daga wani ɓangare na Ondo a shekarar 1996.[15] Kafin wannan, ta kasance wani ɓangare na Lardin Ondo a Yankin Yammacin Najeriya. Duk da cewa ɓangaren da ba na Ekiti ba na yankin ya fi rinjaye a fannin yanki, Akure wanda a lokacin ake ɗaukarsa a matsayin garin Ekiti shine hedikwatar lardin Ondo.

Yanayin ƙasa

Jihar galibi yanki ne na tsaunuka, wanda ke hawa sama da mita 250 (ƙafa 820) sama da matakin teku. Tana kan wani yanki da ke ƙarƙashin duwatsu masu kama da juna. Gabaɗaya yanki ne mai cike da tsaunuka na ƙasar tare da yanayin ƙasa mai kama da na gargajiya wanda ya ƙunshi tsoffin filayen da aka karya ta hanyar amfanin gona masu gefe-gefe waɗanda za su iya faruwa a lokaci ɗaya ko a cikin rukuni ko tuddai. Irin waɗannan duwatsun da ke ɓoye amfanin gona suna wanzuwa galibi a Aramako, Efon-Alaiye, Ikere-Ekiti, Igbara-odo-ekiti da Okemesi-Ekiti. Jihar tana cike da tsaunuka masu tsauri, waɗanda suka shahara sune Tuddan Ikere-Ekiti a kudu, Tuddan Efon-Alaiye a iyakar yamma da Tuddan Ado-Ekiti a tsakiya.

Yanayi da ciyayi

Jihar tana da yanayi mai zafi tare da yanayi biyu daban-daban. Waɗannan su ne lokacin damina (Afrilu-Oktoba) da lokacin rani (Nuwamba-Maris). Zafin jiki yana tsakanin 21° zuwa 28°C tare da babban danshi. The southwesterly wind and the northeast trade winds blow in the rainy and dry (Harmattan) seasons respectively. Tropical forest exists in the south, while savannah occupies the northern peripheries.

Garuruwa da sassan gudanarwa

Kananan Hukumomi

Duba kuma: Jerin kauyukan jihar Ekiti

Ekiti State consists of sixteen Local Government Areas. Su ne:

Ado-Ekiti

Ikere

Oye

Aiyekire (Gbonyin)

Efon

Ekiti Gabas

Ekiti Kudu-maso-Yamma

Ekiti West

Emere

Ido-Osi

Ijero

Ikole

Ilejemeje

Irepodun/Ifelodun

Ise/Orun

Moba

Jerin Shugabannin Kananan Hukumomi na Yanzu.

1 Ise/Orun: Hon. Olumide Falade 2 Gbonyin: Hon. Sade Akinrinmola 3 Emure: Hon. Oludare Paul Awopetu 4 Ido-Osi: Hon. Chief Ayodeji Arogbodo 5 Oye: Hon. Tayo Ogundare 6 Irepodun/Ifelodun: Hon. Dapo Olagunju 7 Ado-Ekiti: Hon. Deji Ogunsakin 8 Ikere: Hon. Bola Alonge 9 Ekiti Kudu Maso Yamma: Hon. Lanrewaju Omolase 10 Efon: Hon. Bolaji Jeje 11 Ilejemeje: Hon. Ganiyu Bakare 12 Ijero: Hon. Abiodun Dada 13 Ekiti Gabas: Hon. Samuel Adeniyi 14 Ekiti West: Hon. Kolawole Omotunde 15 Moba: Hon. Adeniyi Adebayo 16 Ikole: Hon. Adesola Adeyanju

Alƙaluma

'Yan Ekiti suna da alaƙa da al'adu iri ɗaya kuma suna magana da yaren Yarbawa da aka sani da Ekiti. Yanayin kamanceceniya na Ekiti yana ba jihar wani abu na musamman a tsakanin jihohin tarayya. Ana iya ganin ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin yarukan Ekiti na yaren Yarbawa da al'ummomin kan iyaka ke magana da wasu jihohi. Misali, mutanen yankin Ado ba sa magana da yare ɗaya da mutanen yankin ƙaramar hukumar Ijero, yayin da mutanen yankin Ikole ke magana da wani abu daban da mutanen yankin Ikere. Al'ummomin da wuraren da suke zaune suka shafa sun haɗa da Otun (ƙasar Moba) wanda ke magana da yare kusa da wanda 'yan Igbominas ke magana a Jihar Kwara. Mutanen Oke-Ako, Irele, Omuo suna magana da yare iri ɗaya da na Yagba na Jihar Kogi.[an buƙaci ambato]

Addini

Kimanin kashi 85% Kirista ne, tare da kusan kashi 10% Musulmi da kashi 5% na Yarbawa na gargajiya (Oniṣeṣe). Lardin Anglican na Ondo a cikin Cocin Najeriya ya haɗa da Diocese uku na Ekiti Oke (2004) waɗanda Bishop Isaac Olatunde Olubowale (2004) ya jagoranta, Ekiti West (2005) wanda Bishop Rufus Victor Ajileye Adepoju (2017) ya jagoranta, da Ekiti (1996) wanda Bishop Andrew Olushola Ajayi (2022) ya jagoranta.

Katolika 446,475 (2021) a cikin Diocese na Ekiti (1972 a matsayin Ado-Ekiti), wani ɗan majalisa na Archdiocese na Ibadan, tare da parishes 63 a ƙarƙashin Bishop Felix Femi Ajakaye (2010).

Harsuna

Harsunan Jihar Ekiti da LGA ta lissafa:

Ilimi

Jihar Ekiti tana gudanar da tsarin ilimi na 6-3-3-4 da ake amfani da shi a Najeriya. Ilimin firamare yana ƙarƙashin kulawar Hukumar Ilimi ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Jihar Ekiti wadda galibi ke haɗin gwiwa da UBEC don tabbatar da haɓaka ƙarfin ɗan adam da kayayyakin more rayuwa kamar yadda aka tsara a cikin Manufofin Ilimi na Ƙasa da Ƙasa. Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Jiha tana tsara rajista da kulawa a makarantun masu zaman kansu da na gwamnati daga matakin farko zuwa sakandare kamar yadda ya dace a duk faɗin Najeriya.

Makarantar Emmanuel (yanzu Emmanuel Nursery da Firamare) da aka kafa a 1896 ita ce makarantar farko kuma mafi tsufa a Jihar Ekiti. Makarantar Nursery da Firamare ta Saint Joseph, Ado-Ekiti, Makarantar Firamare ta St. Louis, Ikere-Ekiti, Makarantar Nursery da Firamare ta Catford, Ado-Ekiti, da Makarantar Ma'aikata ta EKSU suna cikin makarantun firamare mafi shahara a Jihar Ekiti. Manyan makarantun sakandare a Jihar Ekiti sun haɗa da amma ba'a iyakance ga Makarantar Christ's, Ado Ekiti, Kwalejin Petoa City, Ado-Ekiti, Makarantar Sakandare ta Anglican Diocesan ta Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Kwalejin New Creation, Ado Ekiti da Kwalejin Notre Dame, Usi-Ekiti.

Jami'o'i biyar ne kawai a Jihar Ekiti wadanda suka hada da: Jami'ar Afe Babalola, Ado-Ekiti wacce aka kafa a shekarar 2009 wacce ke da babban harabarta a babban birnin Jihar Ekiti, tana daya daga cikin manyan jami'o'i masu zaman kansu a Najeriya. Jami'ar Jihar Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Jami'ar Tarayya Oye-Ekiti, da Jami'ar Venite Iloro Ekiti da kuma sabuwar Jami'ar Ilimi, Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Bamidele Olumilua da aka kafa Ikere-Ekiti su ne jami'o'in gwamnati a Jihar Ekiti. Sauran manyan makarantu a Jihar Ekiti su ne Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Crown Polytechnic Ado-Ekiti, Kwalejin Fasaha ta Lafiya, Ijero-Ekiti.

Ekiti tana da tarihi mara tantama kuma ba za a iya musantawa ba na samun mafi girman masana'antu a fannin ilimi tare da farfesoshi 11 a cikin iyali 13. Wannan wani abu ne na musamman a duniya. "Bincike ya nuna cewa Ekiti tana da mafi yawan mutane masu ilimi a kowace murabba'in kilomita a duniyar baƙar fata". Babu shakka, Ekiti, a matsayinta na ƙabila, tana da mafi yawan farfesoshi a Najeriya. "Ekiti Land ta kasance "mafificiyar hanya kuma tushen ruwan ilimi ga baƙar fata... Tarihi ya nuna cewa Ekiti ta samar da likitoci shida waɗanda ke aiki a cikin jiragen ruwa tsakanin 1500 da 1830... kafin a kafa makarantar farko a Najeriya (Ilesanmi, Dele Alaba, 2023).

Tafki a Jihar Ekiti

An gabatar da kudurin gina kananan hukumomi 18 (LCDAs) a Jihar Ekiti

Gwamnatin Jihar Ekiti a shekarar 2014, kafin tsohon Gwamna Fayemi ya sauka daga mulki, za ta samar da karin LCDA 18 bisa ga shawarwarin Kwamitin Farin Takarda da gwamnati ta kafa. Duk da haka, Gwamna Ayo Fayose ya soke wannan. [ana buƙatar ambato]

Adadin Jama'a

Manszarta

Ekiti