Fasahar Carbon
 Fasahar Carbon |
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Fasahar Carbon rukuni ne na fasaha masu tasowa kuma masu tasowa waɗanda ke saurin canza mai da iskar gas zuwa ƙarancin kuzari. Haɗe, waɗannan fasahohin suna ɗaukar tsarin tattalin arzikin carbon madauwari don sarrafawa da rage sawun carbon, yayin inganta hanyoyin nazarin halittu da masana'antu. Yana ginawa akan ka'idodin tattalin arziki na madauwari don sarrafa iskar carbon: don rage yawan iskar carbon da ke shiga sararin samaniya, don sake amfani da iskar carbon a matsayin abincin abinci a masana'antu daban-daban, don sake sarrafa carbon ta hanyar sake zagayowar carbon ta yanayi tare da makamashin halittu, da kuma cirewa. carbon da adana shi. Fasahar Carbon tana ba da zaɓi na uku don yanayin yanayi da manufofin muhalli a matsayin madadin kasuwancin binary kamar yadda aka saba da canji mai tsauri.
Ana iya samun nasarar sarrafa carbon ta hanyar mafita na tushen yanayi kamar sake dazuzzuka da dazuzzuka, ko ta dabarun fasaha. Ana samun fasahohin da ake samu daga Carbon Capture, Utility and Storage (CCUS), zuwa fasahohin da ba su da kyau kamar makamashin halittu tare da kama carbon da adanawa, kama iskar carbon kai tsaye, da haɓakar yanayin yanayi, biofuels, da biochar daga sharar da ke wanzuwa a cikin ayyukan yau.
Ƙa'idoji
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tattalin arzikin carbon madauwari tsarin rufaffiyar madauki ne wanda ya ƙunshi 4Rs-Rage, Sake amfani da shi, Maimaituwa, da Cire kuma yana amfani da su don sarrafa hayaƙin carbon.
Rage
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ingancin makamashi, rage haɓɓakawa, sarrafawar SCADA na zamani, hankali na wucin gadi, da sanya samfuran mabukaci su zama kore suna daga cikin dabarun da ake amfani da su don sarrafa sakin ƙurar carbon. Yana dacewa da damar da za'a rage amfani da burbushin mai ta hanyar musanya tare da ƙananan makamashin carbon kamar makamashin nukiliya, makamashin ruwa, makamashin halittu, da abubuwan da ba za'a iya fitar da carbon ba.
Sake amfani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana iya sake amfani da carbon ta hanyar haɗa rafukan CO don samar da makamashi, acikin sarrafa sharar gida da masana'anta.[1] Ana iya sake amfani da shi acikin man fetur, ingantaccen dawo da mai, sinadarai, makamashin halittu, abinci da abubuwan sha.
CO2 can be reused in building materials and provides a form of long-term CO2 storage.
Maimaituwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana iya canza CO₂ ta hanyar sinadarain halitta zuwa samfura daban-daban kamar takin zamani, siminti, biofuels, vodka, carbon nanotubes, kayan shafa, robobi, methanol, lu'u-lu'u, sutura, kumfa, da wanki.
CO₂ kuma ana canza shi zuwa wasu nau'ikan makamashi kamar man fetur na roba. Man fetur na hydrocarbon, roba yanada mahimmanci acikin masana'antar sufurin jiragen sama saboda ƴan ƙananan hanyoyin da ake samu.
Cire
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana kama fitar da iskar carbon duka a matakin konewa da kuma kai tsaye daga sararin samaniya, sannan a adana su zuwa cikin zurfin tsarin yanayin ƙasa. Misalai suna ɗaukar CO₂ daga masana'antar makamashin gawayi da iskar gas, makamashin hydrocarbon, da manyan masana'antu kamar masana'antar ƙarfe da siminti.
Shuka tsire-tsire, irin su mangroves, yana taimakawa wajen ragewa ta hanyar haɓaka photosynthesis. Bishiyoyin Mangrove suna cikin manyan shaguna na carbon shuɗi.
Carbon tech a duniya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Hukumar ta IEA ta kiyasta cewa ana hasashen matakan ingancin makamashi za su wakilci sama da kashi 40% na rage fitar da hayaki da ake bukata nan da shekarar 2040 don dacewa da yarjejeniyar Paris. IRENA ta kammala da cewa sabbin makamashi da matakan ingancin makamashi na iya yuwuwar isar da sama da kashi 90% na rage fitar da iskar carbon da ake buƙata a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar Paris.
A cewar Kwamitin Tsare-tsare na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Sauyin Yanayi, hanyoyin samar da fasahar carbon za su kama kusan iskar hayaki kamar yadda sabbin abubuwa za su ragu a karshen ƙarni. Har'ila yau, IEA ta lura cewa lokacin da aka samar da mai da iskar gas ta hanyar ingantaccen mai da mai, cikakken ƙarfin fitar da rai zai iya zama tsaka tsaki ko ma carbon-negative.
A cewar wani sabon rahoto da kamfanin bincike da tuntuɓa Wood Mackenzie, Kanada ita ce jagora a fasahar carbon tareda ayyukan da ke gudana wanda zai iya rage fitar da iskar gas na Kanada har zuwa 60% na burin 2030.