Maizefield
Maizefield, sau da yawa a cikin gida ana kiransa Maizeland, [1] [2] gida ne mai tarihi a kan Titin Kasuwa ta Yamma ( Hanyar Jiha ta New York 199 ) a ƙauyen Red Hook, New York, Amurka. Babban ginin bulo ne na fili, a cikin salon Tarayya, tare da bayyanannun tasirin Ingilishi na Georgian, wanda aka gina a ƙarshen karni na 18. A cikin 1973 an jera shi a cikin National Register of Historic Places .
Janar David Van Ness, wani jami'in Sojan Nahiyar Nahiyar ne ya mamaye gidan a lokacin Yaƙin Juyin Juya Hali kuma daga baya Birgediya Janar na Rundunar 'Yan Sandan Dutchess County, ɗan majalisar jiha kuma Sanata wanda shine mai kula da Garin Red Hook na farko. [3] Ba a sani ba ko an gina gidan ne kafin mallakarsa; ya sayar da kadarorin jim kaɗan kafin mutuwarsa a cikin 1810s. Aaron Burr ya boye a can na dan wani lokaci jim kadan bayan ya kashe Alexander Hamilton a wani fage .
An canza gidan sau da yawa tun daga lokacin, gami da ƙara babban reshe a gefen kudu. A tsakiyar karni, an gina wani katafaren gida na Victoria a kusurwar kudu maso yammacin gidan. Daga baya bincike ya gano cewa Alexander Jackson Davis ne ya tsara shi. Yawancin fitattun iyalai na gida sun zauna a gidajen biyu tun daga lokacin, kuma sun kasance masu zaman kansu.
Gine-gine da filaye
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Gidan yana kan 5 acres (2.0 ha) da yawa a gefen arewa na Kasuwar Yamma, a gefen gabas na ƙauyen, kusan 400 metres (1,300 ft) yamma da mahaɗa tare da Broadway ( US Route 9 ) a tsakiyar gari. Ƙasar da ke kewaye gabaɗaya matakin ne. Makarantar Sakandare ta Red Hook, wani babban gini makamancin haka akan wani yanki mafi girma, yana gabas tare da wasu wuraren zama akan manyan kuri'a.
A kudu, a fadin Kasuwar Yamma, akwai unguwannin zama tare da kananan gidaje akan kananun kuri'a. Arewacin kayan shine filin waƙa da filin ƙwallon ƙafa mai alaƙa da Makarantar Sakandare ta Red Hook zuwa arewa maso yamma. Bayan yamma, a iyakar yammacin ƙauyen, akwai titin makarantar, wasu wuraren ajiye motoci da filin ƙwallon ƙafa .
Babban bangon bulo, mai buɗewa biyu kusa da kusurwar yamma, yana gudana tare da iyakar kudu na kadarar. Filaye biyu na katako, kusan tsayi iri ɗaya, suna zayyana iyakokin gabas da yamma. Shigar kuri'a ta hanyar titin mota ne a gabas wacce ta haɗu da titin shiga makarantar sakandare, daura da wata hanyar shiga da ke gefen kudu na ginin makarantar. Titin titin ya nufi kudancin gidan, yana kaiwa ga motoci a gabas da yamma. Dogayen bishiyar inuwa da balagagge da shingen shinge na bangon gidan da ke kudu da yamma, tare da wasu bishiyoyin da ke kan iyaka da arewa da gabas.
Babban gida
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A kan tsaunukan gabas da kudu babban gidan yana tsaye a kan ɗan ƙaramin tsayi, shimfidar shimfidar wuri. Kula da shrubbery yana gaban tagogin labari na farko. Babban shingen gidan yana fuskantar da bulo da aka shimfida a cikin harshen Ingilishi ta kowane bangare sai yamma, wanda ake yin shi da dutse. Yana da tsayin benaye uku, faɗin bays biyar da zurfin huɗu, kusan 55 by 40 feet (17 by 12 m), kuma sama da wani lebur rufin da aka soke da bulo bulo guda hudu a sasanninta. Tsawo daga gefen yamma na fuskar kudu wani reshe ne mai benaye biyu, mai rabin-octagonal tare da rufaffiyar rufin da bulo mai bulo ɗaya ya huda; zuwa gabasnsa wata karamar baranda ce, rufaffiyar rufaffiyar, shimfidar rufaffiyar baranda mai hawa daya. Verandas an makala su a arewa da yamma; na farko kuma yana da lebur rufin amma ba a rufe.
A labarin farko na facade na gabas (gabas), tagogi biyu masu rataye biyu shida sama da shida a kowane gefen babban ƙofar tsakiya. Suna da kewayon fili, tare da sills na dutse da ƙwanƙolin bulo. Tsakanin su da takwarorinsu na bene na biyu akwai ginshiƙan katako, masu siffar rectangular tare da ƙirar festoon a kan bays na waje da elliptical tare da yanayin faɗuwar rana akan waɗanda ke kusa da cibiyar.
Sama da ƙofar shiga, a tsakiyar labari na biyu, akwai taga Palladian wanda ke da silin dutse da sarƙoƙi mai rataye sama da shida sama da shida, fasalin da yake raba shi da sauran tagogin. Wannan taga yana da kewayen katako tare da gyaggyarawa . An saita jujjuyawar sa tare da taga mai muntins guda biyu, ɗayan yana yin daidai da baka mai madauwari kusa da tsakiyar ɗayan kuma yana haskaka sama zuwa ga babban dutsen katako da aka ƙera a tsakiyar baka. Gilashin da ke gefe guda biyu suna da fitilun tsaye guda uku da ke gefensu ta filaye masu santsi mai santsi wanda aka lulluɓe da filaye mai faɗi . A ɓangarorin, sauran tagogin suna kama da waɗanda ke ƙasa sai dai don saman bulo mai laushi.
Frieze a sama yana ba da hanya zuwa cornice da aka gyara tare da manyan tubalan. A samansa akwai tagogin bene na uku, kowane murabba'i mai ɗaki mai ɗaki biyu sama da uku tare da silin dutse, da kewayen katako na fili da ginshiƙan bulo. A tsakiyar akwai biyu, saita dan kadan kusa tare. Tassin bel na dutse a sama da su ya tashi daga saman rufin, wanda aka lullube shi da dutse.
Ƙarƙashin ƙasa a cikin ƙasa yana fallasa ginshiƙi na reshe. Matakan tubali suna kaiwa zuwa baranda a gefen gabas. Rufin da aka kafa a hankali yana goyan bayan gaba da ginshiƙai biyu masu santsi a tsakiya tare da ginshiƙi iri ɗaya a kowane gefe, sama da faffadan frieze mai faɗi da ƙwanƙwasa cornice.
Katangar gabas tana da cikakken taga mai tsayi a wani bangare da ke amsa tagar Palladian a tsakiyar facade na gabas. Tagar tsakiya mai kashi 15 da aka zana ta hanyar juzu'i mai ma'amala mai ma'ana tare da muntins masu haskakawa uku tana gefe da tagogi guda 10 guda biyu wanda aka sawa tare da transoms mai aiki biyu. Waɗannan su ne ƙararrakin kofofin Faransanci waɗanda suke matsuguni, waɗanda ke aiki azaman ƙofar sakandare. A saman su a kan labari na biyu akwai tagogi uku masu magani iri ɗaya da waɗanda ke fuskar gabas, biyu a tsakiyar bays ɗaya kuma a kusurwa, barin bay a tsakanin su babu kowa. Wannan jeri kuma yana biye da sash mai rataye biyu fiye da shida sama da cornice akan labari na uku.
A kan reshe, duk tagogi suna da magani iri ɗaya da waɗanda ke kan labari na biyu, sai dai ɗaya a gefen kudu na ginshiƙan da aka fallasa. An saita shi da taga mai a hankali a hankali na bangarori biyu tare da fafuna takwas kowanne. Ita ma, tana saman ta da bulo da aka zube. Gidan masarar da aka gyara a kan babban shinge yana ci gaba a kan rufin rufin da aka haye; rufin shingled yana da sashin ja kusa da gindinsa. Wani sashe mai haɗe-haɗe kusa da babban shingen kudu maso yamma yana goyan bayan bututun fuka-fuki. A gefen yamma na reshe, wani matakan katako yana saukowa daga bene na biyu; kari na zamani mai hawa daya yana kan hawan yamma kawai zuwa arewa.
Aikin bene daga gefen arewa na ƙari na yamma. Gabashinsa kawai, a gefen arewa na babban shingen, veranda ce mai faɗi da faɗi. Kamar takwarorinsa na kudu, rufin rufin sa a hankali yana samun goyan bayan ginshiƙan katako madauwari guda biyu masu santsi wanda aka ɗaure shi da filaye mai faɗi. Ba kamar veranda na kudu ba, ba a rufe shi gaba ɗaya.
Babban kofar shiga yana da matsuguni mai kama da veranda na arewa da kudu. An haɗe ginshiƙai masu santsi masu santsi waɗanda ke sama da cikakken entablature da kafaffen rufin a hankali. Fitilar ƙarfe a kan sarƙa yana rataye daga ƙasa. Yana haskaka kofa biyu na katako mai fenti guda shida tare da fitilun gefe. An tsara shi ta hanyar pilasters, tare da frieze na triglyphs da metopes a sama da cornice mai haƙori .
Yana buɗewa a kan babban falo wanda ya ƙare kaɗan kafin ya isa bangon yamma. Yawancin kammalawa a bene na farko, kamar ƙofofi, firamiyoyi, cornices, da adon filasta a cikin rufin daga gyare-gyaren gidan na tsakiyar ƙarni na 19 ne. Mafi girman yanki na asali da ya saura shi ne gunkin mantelpiece a cikin parlour na arewa maso gabas, wanda aka yi masa ado da kayan ado da kwandunan 'ya'yan itace. Nadawa masu rufe ciki har yanzu suna kan dukkan tagogin. A saman bene, kofofin, firam ɗin da datsa murhu suma na asali ne.
Gine-gine
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wani shingen katako wanda ba a fenti ba ya raba kusurwar kudu maso yammacin gidan. Ofaya daga cikin kuri'a biyun da ke cikinta shine farkon ginin gidan tarihi na Maizefield. Yanke bangon bulo guda biyu suna ba da damar shiga ta, gabas zuwa gaba da tafiya zuwa yamma zuwa titin mota.
Ginin waje gida ne mai hawa biyu, uku-biyu-daya- biyu na katako na katako akan harsashin dutse da aka fallasa. Yana gefe a cikin allo a tsaye da bat kuma an sama shi da rufin da aka lulluɓe da shingles, an huda shi da bulo na bulo guda biyu a tsakiya. Hawan kudu (gaba) wani babban falo ne mai tsayi mai tsayi wanda aka binne shi ta hanyar giciye .
Duk tagogi iri ɗaya ne, sun haɗa da manya, haɗe-haɗe, tagogi guda uku da aka ƙera tare da gyare-gyaren sills na katako da ginshiƙan katako, an raba su da ƴan ƙaramin fili na katako na fili. Pilasters suna tashi daga teburin ruwa na katako a harsashi zuwa kunkuntar filaye a ƙasan rufin. Maƙallan da aka sanya akai-akai suna goyan bayan eaves overhanging, waɗanda aka jaddada ta hanyar gutters suna tafiyar da tsayin su.
Gidan portico yana rufe bakin tsakiya guda ɗaya kawai. Rufinsa yana goyan bayan ginshiƙan katako masu murabba'i huɗu masu santsi, biyu masu yanci a gaba da biyu tsunduma tare da babban shinge a baya. Dukansu suna da manyan jakunkuna da tarkace . Ana manne hasken lantarki ɗaya a tsakiyar rufin. Wuraren lafazin sama da madaidaicin layin rufin babban tubalan na ci gaba da kewaye da portico. Wani yanki mai gangarewa na rufin da ke sama da shi na gaba yana samar da kasan wani shingen da aka ajiye tare da annuri a cikin gable.
Bangarorin biyu suna nuna taga ɗaya tare da magani iri ɗaya kamar waɗanda ke gaba a tsakiyar kowane labari. A ƙarshen arewa akwai reshe mai ɗaki ɗaya mai tausayi. Bayan shi, a bayan kuri'a, akwai garejin katako na katako, kuma mai tausayi.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]David Van Ness ya zo abin da daga baya ya zama Red Hook daga gundumar Columbia zuwa arewa, inda ɗan'uwansa Peter ya gina Lindenwald, daga baya gidan Shugaba Martin Van Buren kuma a yau Alamar Tarihi ta Kasa, a wajen Kinderhook . Daga ƙarshe ya koma kudu zuwa abin da yake a yau ƙauyen Upper Red Hook a arewacin garin, ya auri ɗiyar fitaccen manomi Jacob Heermance, [3] kuma ya zauna a can, a ƙarshe ya zama mai kula da gidan waya. [1] A lokacin Yaƙin Juyin Juya Hali, ya yi aiki a matsayin hafsa a cikin sojojin Nahiyar, inda ya kai matsayin kyaftin. A cikin 1778 an ƙara masa girma zuwa manyan a cikin Dutchess County Militia
Bayan juyin juya halin, tare da zuwan 'yancin kai na Amurka, Van Ness ya shiga hidimar jama'a. An zabe shi a Majalisar Dokoki ta Jiha a 1790, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai zabe a zaben shugaban kasa na 1792 . A shekara mai zuwa aka kara masa girma zuwa birgediya janar, na biyu a matsayin kwamandan mayakan. Ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai kula da gidan waya, kuma tun da ya kawo take tare da shi, ƙananan ƙauyuka a kan mararraba, wanda a baya ake kira Hardscrabble, ya zama sananne daga nan a matsayin Red Hook . [1]
Tun daga 1789 ya fara samun dukiya a ƙauyen Red Hook, sa'an nan kuma wani ɓangare na garin Rhinebeck, a mararrabar abin da yake a yau Hanyoyi 9 da 199 . Siyayyarsa sun kai 364 acres (147 ha) ta 1797, gami da ƙasar da Maizefield ke tsaye a kai. Babu tabbas ko gidan yana nan kafin siyan sa ko kuma ya gina shi; Ko ta yaya, an yi imanin an gina shi a wani lokaci na gaba a wannan lokacin, a kusa da 1795 a farkon.
A lokacin da aka gina shi, Maizefield yana da wasu bambance-bambance daga gidan na yanzu. Zane mai launi na ruwa wanda bai ƙare ba yana nuna ainihin bayyanarsa. Rufin da ke gefe yana saman gidan, kuma babu kari a arewa ko kudu. Akwai, duk da haka, wani reshe na yamma. Har ila yau, zanen yana nuna gine-gine da yawa, ciki har da sito Dutch, amma ba gidan da ke kan kusurwar kudu maso yammacin yanzu ba.
Tsarin ciki na gidan yana wakiltar hutu tare da salo na baya. Gidajen da ’yan’uwa majagaba na Turai suka gina a yankin sun hana rufin rufin rufin rufin su don su kiyaye zafi a cikin dogon lokacin sanyi. Amma wannan zamanin ya ƙare a ƙarshen karni na 18, kuma zuriyar waɗancan mazaunan, waɗanda suka fi samun wadata a rayuwarsu kuma sun ƙware a cikin ɗanɗanonsu, suna son zama a cikin ƙanƙantattun gidaje, mafi ƙayatattun gidaje, don haka sun gina manyan sifofi kamar waɗanda ke cikin Maizefield. . Wannan canjin ya faru ba tare da wani ingantaccen ingantaccen dumama gida ba; don haka dakunan murhu huɗu sun zama dole don kiyaye gidan sosai a lokacin hunturu.
Tare da cikakken gidan, a cikin 1800 Van Ness ya koma ofishin zaɓe. A wannan karon ya yi aiki a Majalisar Dattawan Jiha ; a shekara ta gaba ya yi ritaya daga matsayinsa a cikin mayakan. Bayan ya koma rayuwa ta sirri, Maizefield ya ɗan taka rawa a sakamakon rikicin siyasar Amurka a farkon ƙarni na 19. A cikin 1804, ɗan'uwan Van Ness William, abokin tarayya kuma abokin siyasa na Mataimakin Shugaban kasa Aaron Burr, ya ɗauki wasiƙun sirri tsakanin Burr da Alexander Hamilton, abokin hamayyar Burr na yuwuwar neman shugabancin. A cikin wasiƙun, Burr ya buƙaci gafara da bayani daga Hamilton don maganganun game da Burr da aka danganta masa a wani abincin dare na Claverack a shekarar da ta gabata. Lokacin da amsoshin Hamilton sun kasa isa ga Burr, maimakon haka ya bukaci gamsuwa . Van Ness shi ne na biyu na Burr a cikin duel mai zuwa, wanda ya faru a tsakiyar lokacin rani a bakin kogin Hudson a cikin abin da ake kira Weehawken, New Jersey, kusa da gidajensu a Manhattan . Harbin Burr ya kashe Hamilton, kuma Van Ness ya ɓoye Burr na ɗan lokaci a Maizefield. [4]
Gina Maizefield da Van Ness na sake fasalin ƙaramin ƙauyen kusa da kusa kamar yadda Red Hook ya taimaka wajen haɓaka ƙauyen nan gaba, kuma a cikin 1812 majalisar dokokin jihar ta kirkiro Garin Red Hook ta hanyar rarraba abin da yake a lokacin Rhinebeck daidai gwargwado, ta amfani da tsohuwar iyakar bayar da ƙasa don ƙirƙirar layin tsakanin garuruwan biyu a yau. Van Ness, ɗaya daga cikin 'yan ƙasar da wataƙila sun nemi majalisar dokoki don rabuwa, ya kasance mai kula da garin Rhinebeck a wani lokaci. Don haka aka zaɓe shi a matsayin mai kula da sabon garin, kuma ya maimaita aikinsa na farko a matsayin mai zaɓe a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na wannan shekarar .
Bai rike ofishin ba, kuma a 1815 ya sayar da Maizefield, ya yi ritaya zuwa birnin New York inda ya mutu bayan shekaru uku. Masu mallakar na gaba, da yawa daga cikinsu, kamar Van Ness, membobin fitattun iyalai ne na gida, sun fara canza kadarorin. An kara reshen kudu da kuma veranda daga baya a cikin karni lokacin da suka shahara. A wani lokaci kuma, an maye gurbin rufin gabobin tare da labari na uku na yanzu da haɗin rufin lebur. Yawancin ainihin datsa na ciki an maye gurbinsu da sabbin salo a cikin 1830s.
Wadanda suka mallaki daga baya suma sun fara raba kadarorin, wanda hakan ya kara habaka ci gaban kauyen. A cikin 1849, wani mai shi ya gina a kan kadarorin ƙaramin gida a kudu maso yamma. Ƙarni daga baya, bincike a cikin wani littafi mai suna ya nuna cewa mai zanen da aka ba da izini shine Alexander Jackson Davis .
A cikin 1880s wani tallace-tallace na sayar da gidan ya kira shi "Maizeland". [2] Wannan sunan har yanzu shine mafi rinjaye a cikin amfanin gida, [1] [3] kodayake har yanzu ana amfani da sunan Maizefield. [4] Maizefield shine sunan da mai gidan a shekarun 1960 ya yi amfani da shi, wanda ya sa aka jera shi a cikin National Register a ƙarƙashin wannan sunan.
Babban canji na ƙarshe ga gidan ya zo a cikin 1930s, lokacin da aka cire reshen yamma. A cikin shekarun 1960, mai shi ya gyara shi a shirye-shiryen gabatar da shi ga Rijista. Babu wasu muhimman canje-canje tun lokacin, kuma ya kasance wurin zama mai zaman kansa.
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Rajista na Kasa na Lissafin Wuraren Tarihi a cikin gundumar Dutchess, New York
Magana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "History of the Town of Red Hook". Town of Red Hook. Archived from the original on December 5, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2014.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "New advertisements". The Cultivator and Country Gentleman. XLV (1447): 720. October 21, 1880. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "About Us". Heermance Farm. 2014. Archived from the original on December 10, 2014. Retrieved December 7, 2014.
Hanyoyin hadi na waje
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Media related to Maizefield at Wikimedia CommonsSamfuri:National Register of Historic Places in New York