Gidaje
gidaje ( wani lokacin rukunin gidaje, haɓaka gidaje, yanki ko al'umma) rukuni ne na gidaje da sauran gine-ginen da aka gina azauna tare a Madaidaicin tsari na iya bambanta daga ƙasa zuwa ƙasa.
Shahararrun a ko'ina cikin Amurka da Ingila, galibi suna kunshe da iyali guda ɗaya da aka raba, rabin ("duplex") ko gidaje masu tasowa, tare da mallakar kowane gidaje. Yawan gine-gine ya dogara da ka'idojin tsarawa na gida.
A cikin manyan biranen Asiya, kamar Hong Kong, Kuala Lumpur, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Singapore, Seoul, Taipei, da Tokyo, wani yanki na iya kasancewa daga gidaje masu zaman kansu zuwa manyan gine-ginen hasumiya tare da ko ba tare da kayan kasuwanci ba; a Turai da Amurka, waɗannan na iya ɗaukar nau'ikan gidaje masu tsawo, ko tsofaffin layuka na gidaje masu alaƙa da Juyin Juya Halin Masana'antu, gidaje masu rarraba ko ƙananan gidaje tare da ƙananan filayen filayen filaye na ƙasa da ke ke kewaye da su, kuma suna yawanci ba tare da irin waɗannan wuraren kasuwanci ba.
A Tsakiyar Turai da Gabas, zama a cikin gidaje hanya ce ta rayuwa. Yawancin waɗannan gidaje sun samo asali ne a zamanin kwaminisanci saboda gina manyan gidaje wani muhimmin bangare ne na tsare-tsaren gini a ƙasashen kwaminisancin a Turai. Za a iya samun su a yankunan karkara da birane.
Dangane da haka, yawanci ana gina gida gidaje ta dan kwangila ɗaya, tare da ƙananan salon gida ko ƙirar gini, don haka suna da kama da juna.
Ci gaban gidaje "sau da yawa ana gina shi a kan wani yanki na ƙasa ta hanyar mai ginawa ɗaya kuma ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar gudanarwa ɗaya. " [1] A cikin Ƙasar Ingila, kalmar tana da faɗi sosai kuma tana iya haɗawa da komai daga manyan gidaje masu tallafin gwamnati har zuwa ƙarin kasuwa, gidajen da ke ƙarƙashin jagorancin masu haɓakawa. Irin waɗannan kadarorin galibi ana tsara su ne don rage yawan zirga-zirga da samar da sararin samaniya a cikin wuraren shakatawa da kayan lambu.
Magana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Amfani da kalmar ƙila ya samo asali ne daga wani yanki na gidaje da ake ginawa a kan abin da ya kasance mallakar ƙasa yayin da birane da birane suka faɗaɗa cikin da kuma bayan ƙarni na 19. An yi amfani da shi a shekara ta 1901.[1] Rage jimlar zuwa "ƙaddara" ta zama ruwan dare gama gari a Ƙasar Ingila da Ireland (musamman lokacin da takamaiman sunan ƙasa ya rigaye), amma ba a cikin Amurka ba.s.
Nau'ikan gidaje
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Akwai nau'ikan gidaje daban-daban da masu haɓaka gidaje ke amfani da su.[2] Kowane ɗayan nau'ikan gidaje daban-daban za su sami halaye na musamman, kewayon yawa, yawan raka'a, da bene.[2]
- Ɗaya daga cikin gidaje: Wannan nau'in gidaje za a raba shi daga wasu nau'ikan gidaje. Wannan nau'in naúrar yana da ƙananan yawa. Lawns wani zaɓi ne ga irin wannan ƙirar, tare da wurare na jama'a da masu zaman kansu. Ɗaya daga cikin masu rarraba na iya samun hawa uku.
- Ana kiranta da: Gida, Gida, Villa, ko Bungalow .
- Duplex, Triplex: Irin wannan gidaje na iya samun gidaje biyu ko uku a cikin ginin da aka raba. Rukunin na iya kasancewa tare ko rabuwa dangane da wurin duplex. A duplex kuma zai sami zaɓi don yadi don kiyaye su sirri sarari. Irin wannan gidaje zai ba da damar samun gidaje masu yawa idan aka kwatanta da raka'a guda ɗaya. Duplex, da Triplex na iya lissafin raka'a 2-3, kuma suna da hawa 3.
- Sau da yawa ana kiransu: Semi-detached, Double House, Accessory unity, Ancillary unit, Carriage unit, ko Twin Home.
- Babban gida, Multiplex: Babban gida, multiplex na iya zuwa a cikin siffofi da yawa, yana iya samun ɗayan ko matakin muli. Kamar duplex, yana iya samun bene da yawa, har zuwa bene 3. Hakanan yana iya lissafin raka'a 5. Irin wannan gidaje za su sami mafi girma fiye da gidaje guda ɗaya.
- Yawancin lokaci ana kiransu: Quadruplex, Mansion townhomes, baya zuwa baya rabin, ko Babban gida.
- Sauran nau'ikan: Side Attached, Stacked Rowhouse, Small Apartment, Low-rise Apartment, Mid-rise Apartments, Kasuwanci a kan Kasuwanci, High-Rise Apartment.[2]
Asiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Hong Kong
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Saboda yawan jama'a da kuma kulawar gwamnati game da amfani da ƙasa, tsarin gidaje na Hong Kong mafi yawanci shine gidaje masu tsawo, wanda zai iya zama mallakar jama'a, mallakar masu zaman kansu, ko kuma masu zaman kansu. Saboda oligopoly na Masu haɓaka ƙasa (wani lokacin ana kiranta hegemony na ƙasa, Sinanci) a cikin yankin, da kuma tattalin arzikin sikelin ci gaban taro, akwai yanayin sabon ci gaban hasumiya mai zaman kansa tare da 10 zuwa sama da hasumiyoyi 100, daga 30 zuwa 70 hawa.
Gidajen jama'a suna ba da gidaje masu araha ga waɗanda ke da ƙarancin kuɗi, tare da haya waɗanda aka tallafawa sosai, waɗanda ayyukan kuɗi kamar haya da caji da aka tattara daga wuraren ajiye motoci da shaguna a ciki ko kusa da dukiya suka biya. Suna iya bambanta a sikelin, kuma yawanci suna cikin yankuna masu nisa ko ƙananan yankuna na yankin, amma fadada birane ya sanya wasu daga cikinsu a cikin zuciyar birni. Kodayake wasu raka'a an ƙaddara su ne kawai don haya, wasu daga cikin gidaje a cikin kowane ci gaba an ware su don sayarwa a farashin da ke ƙasa da na ci gaban masu zaman kansu.
Gidajen Gidaje masu zaman kansu galibi suna da tarin gine-gine masu tsawo, sau da yawa tare da Cibiyar cin kasuwa ko kasuwa idan akwai manyan ci gaba. Mei Foo Sun Chuen, wanda Mobil ta gina, shine farkon (1965) kuma mafi girma (ginshiƙai 99) misali na irin sa. Tun daga tsakiyar shekarun 1990s, masu haɓaka masu zaman kansu suna haɗa wuraren shakatawa ciki har da wuraren kulob din, wato wuraren yin iyo, kotunan wasan tennis da ɗakunan aiki a cikin ci gaban kasuwa. Misalai na baya-bayan nan za su sami gidajen silima, ɗakunan rawa, ɗakunan sigari.
Ci gaban da aka samu na yau da kullun na iya samar da 'tasirin bango (Sinanci: 屏風效應) ', wanda ke shafar yaduwar iska, wanda ke haifar da rikice-rikice. Ci gaban cikawa zai kasance ana yin sa ne ta hanyar ƙananan masu haɓakawa tare da ƙarancin kuɗi. Wadannan za su kasance karami a sikelin, kuma ba su da saurin tasirin bango.
Pakistan
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Idan aka ba da halin tsaro da karancin wutar lantarki a Kudancin Asiya, an haɓaka 'al'ummomin da aka katange' tare da makamashi da kayan more rayuwa na zamani (tsaron tsaro na awanni 24, makarantu, asibitoci, sashen kashe gobara, siyayya, gidajen cin abinci da cibiyoyin nishaɗi) kamar Bahria Town da DHA a duk manyan biranen Pakistan. Birnin Bahria shine mafi girman ƙungiyar gidaje masu zaman kansu a Asiya.[3] Bahria ta fito ne daga mujallu na kasa da kasa da hukumomin labarai kamar su GlobalPost, Newsweek, Los Angeles Times da Emirates 24/7, wanda ake kira fuskar Pakistan mai wadata.[4][5][6][7] Al'ummomin da aka rufe a Pakistan an yi niyya ne ga manyan matsakaitan aji da manyan aji, kuma galibi suna da kariya daga matsalolin tilasta bin doka.
Turai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Jamhuriyar Czech da Slovakia
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Siffofin gidaje na iya bambanta a cikin Jamhuriyar Czech da Slovakia. A lokacin mulkin kwaminisanci na Czechoslovakia, gina manyan gidaje (Czech: sídliště, Slovak: sídlisko) wani muhimmin bangare ne na tsare-tsaren gine-gine a kasar, saboda gwamnati tana son samar da gidaje masu yawa na sauri da araha ga kowa da kowa,] da kuma rage farashi ta hanyar amfani da zane-zane a duk fadin kasar. Har ila yau, sun nemi samar da "tattaunawa" a cikin mutanenta.
Yawancin gine-gine a cikin gidajen gidaje na Czech da Slovak sune ake kira <i id="mw0A">paneláks</i>, kalma ce ta magana a cikin Czech da Slovaki don babban ginin tsarin panel wanda aka gina da ƙarfe, wanda aka riga aka matsa, kamar waɗanda ke cikin tsohuwar Czechoslovakia (yanzu Jamhuriyar Czech & Slovakia) da sauran wurare a duniya. Manyan gidaje na gine-Ginin bangon kankare (paneláks) yanzu sun mamaye titunan Prague, Bratislava da sauran garuruwa. Ana iya samun irin wannan gidaje mafi girma a Tsakiyar Turai a Petržalka (yawan jama'a kusan 130,000), wani ɓangare na babban birnin Slovak na Bratislava .
Mutanen da ke zaune a cikin wadannan gidaje galibi suna mallakar gidaje ne na kowannensu, musamman saboda kasancewar galibin gidajen ya tafi daga mallakar jama'a na gwamnati zuwa na sirri, kamar yadda gwamnati ta sayar da su ga mafi yawan mazaunan gidaje a kan ƙananan farashi mai alama bayan faduwar gurguzu[1]. Haka kuma mutane na iya yin hayar gidaje, yawanci ta hanyar dillalan gidaje da masu gidaje masu zaman kansu, kodayake wasu gidaje har yanzu mallakar jihar ne kuma galibi ana amfani da su don gidajen jama'a. Yawancin lokaci ana samun cuɗanya da azuzuwan zamantakewa a waɗannan gidaje.[8][9][10]
Biritaniya da Ireland
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A Burtaniya da Ireland, gidaje sun zama ruwan dare tun lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, yayin da yawan jama'a masu arziki suka bukaci gidaje masu girma da yawa tare da karuwar amfani da mota wanda tituna masu tasowa ba su dace ba.
Hukumomin gidaje ne suka samar da gidaje (kwanan nan, ƙungiyoyin gidaje) ko kuma masu haɓaka masu zaman kansu. Tsohon ya kasance hanyar samar da gidaje na jama'a wanda ke haifar da gidaje masu cike da Gidajen majalisa da aka fi sani da "gidan majalisa". Wannan na ƙarshe na iya komawa ga gidaje masu girma na matsakaicin aji har ma da matsakaicin matsayi.
Matsalolin da aka haifar ta farkon yunƙurin da aka yi na manyan hasumiya mai ɗumbin yawa sun mayar da mutane baya ga wannan salon rayuwa. Sakamakon bukatar filaye ya ga garuruwa da birane da yawa sun karu don karuwar yawan jama'a. Wannan ya kasance a cikin kuɗin da ake kashewa a yankunan karkara da filayen kore. Kwanan nan, an yi wani yunƙuri don magance wannan matsala ta hanyar hana ci gaban kasuwanci a bayan gari tare da ƙarfafa sake yin amfani da filin launin ruwan kasa ko wuraren da aka gina a baya don gina gidaje. Duk da haka, buƙatun gidaje na ci gaba da hauhawa, kuma a cikin Burtaniya aƙalla ya haifar da wani gagarumin rikicin gidaje.
Arewacin Amurka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Amurka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Hanyoyin gidaje a Amurka sun haɗa da gidaje, ɗakunan gidaje, da Gidajen jama'a. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida][ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span>]
Gidajen
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]-
Park Island, Hong Kong -
Eunpyeong New Town, Seoul -
Tianducheng, Hangzhou -
Different housing estates Zhubei, Hsinchu County, Taiwan -
A housing project Saigon Pearl in Ho Chi Minh City -
Changjon Street Apartment Complex, Pyongyang -
World City in Minato, Tokyo, it is categorized as "Big Scale Mansions" by the Japanese Building Standard Act
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- ↑ "housing development". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 17 September 2016.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Housing Type Sheets" (PDF). 2005. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 August 2014. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "corridor" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Asia's Largest Real Estate Builder Bahria Town Website". 23 February 2013. Retrieved 2013-04-23.
- ↑ "Pakistani expats' new realty check". Emirates247.com. 14 December 2013.
- ↑ "Happiness for some in Pakistan's gated communities". Archived from the original on 20 March 2016.
- ↑ "Bahria Town, Gateway to Paradise". Newsweek Pakistan. 10 December 2013.
- ↑ "Pakistan gated community sparks controversy". Los Angeles Times. 6 October 2011.
- ↑ O'Sullivan, Feargus (2020-09-30). "Prague's Communist-Era Apartments Get a Second Life". Bloomberg CityLab (Even though this publication is mainly about Prague, it applies just as well to Slovakia and the Czech Republic as a whole). Bloomberg L.P. Archived from the original on 2020-10-04. Retrieved 2025-02-10.
- ↑ Reynolds, Matt (2005-03-10). "Still standing" (Even though this publication was mainly about Prague and the Czech Republic, it applies just as well to Slovakia). The Prague Post. Archived from the original on 2005-03-12. Retrieved 2025-02-10.
- ↑ Kleknerova, Zuzana; Holub, Petr; Vojir, Ales (2005-03-15). "Zachrante nase panelaky, tlaci na EU Cesko" [Save our panelaks, Czechia pressures the EU]. iHNed.cz (Even though this publication was mainly about the Czech Republic, it applies just as well to Slovakia. Also note that this publication was a news article about saving paneláks from becoming "criminal ghettos" in the Czech Republic by pressuring the European Union (EU), some information may only be half-truth) (in Cek). Archived from the original on 2006-08-22. Retrieved 2020-05-03.