Gurindji language
Gurindji yare ne na Pama-Nyungan wanda Gurindji da Ngarinyman ke magana a Yankin Arewa, Ostiraliya . Harshen Gurindji yana cikin haɗari sosai, tare da kusan masu magana 592 da suka rage kuma 175 ne kawai daga cikin waɗannan masu magana suka fahimci yaren. Akwai kuma game masu magana da yaren Ngarinyman 60. Gurindji Kriol yare ne mai gauraye wanda ya samo asali daga harshen Gurindji .
Patrick McConvell rubuta cewa: "Gurindji na gargajiya a yau ana magana ne kawai a cikin mahallin sirri tsakanin tsofaffi, kodayake ana amfani da shi a wasu lokuta a cikin jawabai da sababbin waƙoƙi. "
Patrick McConvell kuma ce: "An koyar da Gurindji a takaice na ɗan gajeren lokaci a matsayin batun a makarantar gida a cikin shekaru ashirin da biyar da suka gabata amma galibi ba ta da wani rawar da ta taka a cikin tsarin karatun ko a cikin ayyukan al'umma na hukuma. "
Harshen Gurindji ya aro kalmomi da yawa daga harsunan da ke kewaye da su kamar Gajirrabeng, Ngaliwurru, Jaminjung, Jaru, Miriwung, da Wardaman.
Rarraba[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Harshen Gurindji rarraba shi a ƙarƙashin dangin yarukan Pama-Nyungan - sabanin dangin yaren Non-Pama-Nyungan, kamar yadda 'yan asalin Australia suka kasu kashi biyu.
Gurindji ya ci gaba da rarraba shi a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Ngumpin-Yapa ta Pama-Nyungan .
"Gurindji wani bangare ne na reshen Ngumpin na Gabas na ƙungiyar Nyungan-Yapa. Harsunan Ngumpin ta Gabas suna daga cikin yarukan Pama-Nyungan na arewa, a cikin hulɗa da yarukan Non-Pama-Nyungan zuwa arewa, yamma, da gabas. "
Sashe na ƙarshe na reshen Gabashin Ngumpin wanda Gurindji yake wani ɓangare na shi ne reshen Kogin Victoria .
Yankin da aka rarraba[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Gurindji yana magana da kusan mutane 592, a cewar Ofishin Kididdiga na Australiya na 2006, a Yankin Arewa, Australia. Fiye haka, a cikin Gundumar Kogin Victoria inda aka zaɓi "Wattie Creek ko Dagaragu a matsayin makoma na tafiya. Daga baya, an kafa Kalkaringi kusan kilomita takwas a kan Kogin Victoria a matsayin gari don ba da sabis ga tashoshin da ke kusa. Gurindji da yawa sun koma Kalkaringi kuma yanzu duka Kalkaringi da Dagaragu suna gida ne ga Gurindji. Kalkaringi ya ƙunshi mafi yawan kayan aiki kamar Ofishin Al'umma, makarantar, wurin yanka, garage, da shaguna. Ofishin CDEP, da aka samu a Cibiyar Dagarelor.
Iri-iri[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Gurindji wani bangare ne na sarkar yaren da ke yamma, kuma ya haɗa da:
- Wanjdjirra
- Malngin
- Wurlayi
- Ngarinman
- Bilinarra
- Kartangarurru
Harsunan da aka samo[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Harshen yaro na Gurindji shine harshen gauraye Gurindji Kriol . Patrick McConvell [1] lura da sauya harsuna tsakanin shekarun 1960 zuwa 1980, kuma ana zaton ya fito ne daga kafa tashoshin shanu da wadanda ba 'yan asalin ƙasar ba. Gurindji Kriol ana magana shi ne ta hanyar Gurindji da ke ƙasa da shekaru 35, kamar yadda suke fahimtar Gurindji amma ba sa magana da shi a cikin al'adun gargajiya.