Haƙƙoƙin Mata a Koriya ta Arewa

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Haƙƙoƙin Mata a Koriya ta Arewa
women's rights by country or territory (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙasa Koriya ta Arewa
Kungiyar mata a Koriya ta Arewa

Hakkokin mata a Koriya ta Arewa sun bambanta a tarihi. A cikin tarihi na baya-bayan nan, manyan abubuwan da suka faru a karni na 20, irin su Rarraban Koriya da kuma daga baya na shekara ta 1990s yunwar Koriya ta Arewa sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita dangantakar jima'i.

Mahallin tarihi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kafin shekara ta 1945, a Koriya ta Arewa, mata suna da 'yanci kadan. Ana sa ran za su haifi magada maza su raya su; don tabbatar da ci gaba da layin iyali. Mata ba su da damar shiga cikin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, ko siyasa ta al'umma. A cikin al'ummar Koriya ta gargajiya, ba a la'akari da ilimin ilimi da mahimmanci ga mata, kuma kadan ne kawai suka sami ilimi na yau da kullun. A karni na 19, Kiristoci masu wa’azi a kasashen waje ne suka kafa makarantun ’yan mata, don haka suka ba wa ’yan Koriya mata damar samun ilimin zamani. Akwai 'yan kebantawa ga wadannan iyakoki. Misali, an yi kira ga ’yan shaman mata su yi maganin cututtuka ta wajen korar aljanu, su yi addu’a don ruwan sama a lokacin fari, ko kuma su yi duba da duba. [1]

Matsayin zamantakewa da matsayin mata ya canza sosai bayan shekara ta 1945. Ranar 30 ga Yuli, 1946, hukumomi a arewacin layi na talatin da takwas sun zartar da Dokar Daidaiton Jima'i. Kundin tsarin mulki na shekara ta 1972 ya tabbatar da cewa "matansu suna da matsayi daidai da zamantakewa da 'yancin maza." Kundin tsarin mulki na 1990 ya tanadi cewa jihar ta samar da yanayi daban-daban domin ci gaban mata a cikin al’umma. Bisa ka'ida, dokar Koriya ta Arewa ta goyi bayan daidaiton jima'i.

Akwai kalubale da yawa duk da haka. Ko da yake sabon tsarin ya sa mata su kasance daidai gwargwado a cikin ma'aikata a wajen gida da kuma samun damar samun ilimi, an ci gaba da daukar mata a matsayin kasa da maza. Misali shi ne fifikon da namiji mai karfi, da nauyin da ke kan mata don yin mafi yawan ayyukan gida, da kuma bambancin jinsin da aka tabbatar ta hanyar yadda ake raba maza da mata a matakin firamare da manyan makarantun gaba da sakandare. Wasu fannonin manhajojin karatu na yara maza da mata su ma sun bambanta, tare da mai da hankali kan ilimin motsa jiki ga yara maza da kuma tattalin arzikin gida ga 'yan mata. Koyaya, a cikin tsarin jami'a na shekaru hudu, matan da suka shahara a fannin likitanci, ilmin halitta, da harsunan waje da adabi suna da yawa musamman.

Koriya ta Arewa ta kasance wata al'umma mai kishin addini, kuma rawar da mata ke takawa a fannin iyali da na jama'a ya canza sau da yawa daga karshen yakin duniya na biyu zuwa yau. Bayan yakin, mata sun shiga cikin tattalin arzikin gurguzu da yawa, kuma sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sake gina kasar. Amma yayin da tattalin arzikin ya inganta a cikin shekarun baya, mata ba su da bukatuwa a cikin ma'aikata, kuma an sami yunƙurin yin wasu ayyuka na gargajiya.

An bai wa ma’aikatan jihar abinci kuma yawancin iyalai za su iya rayuwa a kan hakan. Amma a lokacin yunwar Koriya ta Arewa na shekarun 1990, wadannan rarrabuwa, wadanda aka fi sani da Tsarin Rarraba Jama'a, sun bushe kuma iyalai sun nemi wani wuri don tallafin kudi. Maza, duk da cewa ba a biya su, har yanzu ana bukatar su halarci ayyukan gwamnati. Gwamnatin da ke fama da kudaden kudi ta dogara kacokan akan aikin ƴancin da suke samu daga mazaje kuma da wuya ta daina wannan al'ada nan ba da jimawa ba.

Domin maza su sami ’yanci daga aiki, a zahiri dole ne su biya ma’aikacin su albashin su sau 20 zuwa 30 na wata-wata, a basu damar yin wasu ayyuka masu fa’ida, kamar aikin gyara. Ana buƙatar wannan biyan kudi ko da mutum ba zai iya cin abincin da zai ci ba, idan ba haka ba za a yanke musu hukuncin daurin kurkuku. Shigar da mata ke yi a kasuwannin kwadago a halin yanzu ba shi da tabbas, saboda tsarin tattalin arziƙin launin toka mara ka'ida wanda ya karu tun bayan yunwar. A cewar kungiyar kare Hakkin bil adama ta Human Rights Watch, mata ‘yan kasuwa a sassan da ba na yau da kullun ba suna da rauni ga cin zarafi da cin zarafi, kuma "aiwatar da ƙa'idoji da ƙa'idoji game da ayyukan kasuwa ba bisa ka'ida ba ne kuma jami'an gwamnati na iya neman cin hanci da cin zarafi da kuma tilasta mata ba tare da wani hukunci ba."[1][2][3]

Cin zarafin mata[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ko da a cikin mafi kaskanci na tsarin songbun, tsarin kabilanci na Koriya ta Arewa, mata suna fuskantar tashin hankali na musamman. Ya zama ruwan dare ga masu fama da talauci su koma karuwanci da shan muggan kwayoyi, har ma wadanda suka yi nasarar tserewa daga kasar ta China suna fuskantar cin zarafi ko fataucinsu.[4]

Karuwanci a Koriya ta Arewa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Yunwar da aka yi a shekarun 1990 ta canza al'ummar Koriya ta Arewa sosai cewa har yanzu duniya tana ƙoƙarin fahimtar fa'ida da zurfin wannan canji. Lokacin da bayan yunwar, miliyoyin mutanen Koriya ta Arewa sun fahimci duk wata dabarar rayuwa da ta dace don ciyar da kansu. Wadanda ba su canza ba, kuma jihar ba ta ciyar da su ba, sun mutu. Ga dubban matan Koriya ta Arewa, karuwanci ita ce dabarar rayuwa ta hanya ta ƙarshe don ciyar da kansu, kuma galibi, 'ya'yansu.

A Koriya ta Arewa Kim Il Sung, cinikin jima'i bai ganuwa ga duniyar waje. Hakan ya fara canzawa lokacin da masu safarar Sinawa da johns suka tilastawa dubban mata 'yan gudun hijira shiga cikin cinikin jima'i. A ƙarshen babban yunwa, karuwanci ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a cikin Koriya ta Arewa. Haka kuma ya zama mai tsari da farauta, inda jami’an jahohin ke taka rawar gani wajen ganin an ba su kariya da kariya.

A Hamheung a shekara ta 2008, an zargi wasu manyan jami'an jam'iyyar da laifin kula da wani gidan shayi da kuma sayar da jima'i, da kuma kare shi daga tsoma bakin 'yan sanda. A cikin Hyesan a shekara ta 2009, an kama manajan wani masaukin gwamnati da jami’an jam’iyyar tsakiya ke yi wa jama’a hidima da laifin yin lalata da mata da ‘yan mata, wasu a tsakiyar shekarun su. Kudin Koriya ta Arewa na shekara ta 2009 “sake fasalin” ya kori Karin mata cikin cinikin jima'i. A shekara ta 2010, "manjoji ma'aurata" sun shirya karuwanci a Chongjin wadanda suka dace da abokan ciniki, galibi sojoji, da masu yin jima'i, yawancin daliban jami'a mata, da kuma wasu lokuta matan da suka dogara da kwayoyi. A shekara ta 2014, an zargi manajan wata masana'anta ta Koriya ta Arewa da ke China da laifin korar mata ma'aikatan masana'anta.

Rahotannin ba su nuna cewa jihar da sane ta zaɓi yin haƙuri ko riba daga cinikin jima'i a matsayin al'amari na siyasa. Jami’an tsaro lokaci-lokaci suna murkushe sana’ar jima’i, amma babu makawa, lokacin da hukumomi masu cin hanci da rashawa suka yi yunkurin ‘yan sanda wani ciniki mai fa’ida, hukumomi sukan fara ganin wannan sana’ar wata hanya ce ta kara musu albashi. Mafi mahimmanci, a cikin al'ummar da jami'ai ke zama doka, inda ake aiwatar da doka ba bisa ka'ida ba, kuma inda jihar ke samun riba daga kasuwanci a kalla a fakaice, zai yi wuya a iya bambanta tsakanin cin hanci da rashawa da manufofin jihohi. A yau, jaridar Daily NK ta ruwaito cewa, ’yan kasuwa masu alaka da su na karuwa da karuwanci da jami’an da ke da alaka da su.

Wani dan Koriya ta Arewa da ya sauya sheka ya sanar da Ha Tae-kyung, dan majalisa na jam'iyyar Saenuri kuma mawallafi kwararre a Koriya ta Arewa, cewa karuwai kusan 500 ne a birninsu, mai yawan jama'a mutum 400,000.

"Idan [mu] ya dogara da lissafin lissafi mai sauƙi kuma muka sanya yawan mutanen Koriya ta Arewa a matsayin miliyan 20, za mu iya ɗauka cewa ya kamata a sami karuwai kusan 25,000 a Koriya ta Arewa," Ha ya gaya wa Sieff..[5][6]

Duba kuma[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  • Mata a Koriya ta Arewa

Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "North Korea - The Role of Women". countrystudies.us. Retrieved 2016-11-15.
  2. ↑ News, Je Son Lee for NK; network, part of the North Korea (14 February 2015). "Ask a North Korean: are women treated equally in your society?". the Guardian.
  3. ↑ "North Korea: Kim Il-Sung's Birthday No Celebration for Women". 13 April 2017.
  4. ↑ "North Korea's War on Women". Weekly Standard. 2015-04-27. Archived from the original on 2016-08-14. Retrieved 2016-11-15.
  5. ↑ "In North Korea, prostitution used to be a survival strategy. Now, it's just another racket". freekorea.us. 3 August 2015. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
  6. ↑ "Does North Korea have sex trade and drug problem?". The Korea Observer (in Turanci). 2015-02-04. Archived from the original on 2016-11-23. Retrieved 2016-11-22.

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

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