Hakkin aiwatar da kai
 Hakkin aiwatar da kai |
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Hakkin aiwatar da kai a cikin dokar kare hakkin dan adam ta duniya an tsara shi ta hanyar da mutum zai iya cirewa cewa manufar kirkirar dokokin kasa da kasa ne da 'yan ƙasa za su iya kira kai tsaye a kotunsu na ƙasa.[1] Hakkin aiwatar da kai tsaye, ko haƙƙin da aka yi amfani da shi kai tsaye, haƙƙoƙi ne waɗanda daga ra'ayi na dokar kasa da kasa ba sa buƙatar canji zuwa dokar ƙasa. Hakkin yana da ɗaurewa kamar haka kuma alƙalai na iya amfani da dokar kasa da kasa kamar dai dokar ƙasa ce. Daga ra'ayi na dokar ƙasa, ana iya buƙatar cewa duk dokar ƙasa da ƙasa a haɗa ta cikin dokar ƙasa kafin ta zama mai inganci. Wannan ya dogara da al'adar shari'ar ƙasa.
Don yanke shawara ko doka tana aiwatar da kanta ko a'a, dole ne mutum kawai ya dubi dokar da ake tambaya, kuma al'adun ƙasa ba su ƙidaya ba. Dokar da ta ce ya kamata jihohi su tabbatar da 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki ga 'yan ƙasa tana aiwatar da kanta. Dokar da ya kamata jihohi su dauki dukkan matakan da suka dace don samar da isasshen aiki ba. Dokokin da ba su aiwatar da kansu na dokar kasa da kasa suna tilasta wa jihohi kawai su dauki matakai da ƙirƙirar ko canza doka. 'Yan ƙasa ko alƙalai na ƙasa ba za su iya kiran waɗannan dokoki ba (kuma su nemi aiki, kamar yadda a misalin da ya gabata) a kotun ƙasa. Wannan yana nufin cewa dokar kasa da kasa da ba ta aiwatar da kanta dole ne a canza ta zuwa dokar ƙasa don yin aiki.
Muhimmancin dokar kasa da kasa ya kasance gaskiyar ko doka tana aiwatar da kanta ko a'a. Jiha ba za ta iya kiran dokar kasa ba a matsayin dalilin da ya sa ba za ta mutunta wajibai na kasa da kasa ba. Idan akwai dokokin da ba su aiwatar da kansu ba, dole ne su canza dokar ƙasa ko kuma su dauki wasu matakai. Ya saba wa dokar kasa da kasa idan bai yi haka ba.[2] A wannan yanayin, alƙali na ƙasa zai iya yanke shawarar cewa ya kamata jiharsu ta canza dokar ƙasa ko ɗaukar wasu matakai. Ba za su iya soke dokar kasa da ta saba wa dokar kasa da kasa da ba ta aiwatar da kanta ba. Ba za su iya ayyana dokar ƙasa ba tare da amfani ba sai dai idan ta saba wa aiwatar da haƙƙin kasa da kasa.
Yawancin haƙƙin ɗan adam da ke cikin manyan yarjejeniyoyin haƙƙin ɗanɗano suna aiwatar da kansu kuma mutane na iya kiran su a cikin kotun ƙasa, [3] amma wannan shine mafi yawan haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa fiye da haƙƙin tattalin arziki da haƙƙin zamantakewa.
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Medellín da Texas
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Pieter Kooijmans, Internationaal publiekrecht in vogelvlucht, Wolters-Noordhoff, Groningen, 1994, p. 84-85.
- ↑ "[T]he general principle of international law is that a state cannot plead a rule or a gap in its own municipal law as a defence to a claim based on international law", M. Akehurst, A Modern Introduction to International Law, London: Harper Collins, 1991, p. 43. "The fact that a conflicting domestic provision is contained in the national constitution does not absolve the State Party concerned from international responsibility", A. Rosas, in D. Beetham, Politics and Human Rights, Oxford: Blackwell, 1995, p. 67.
- ↑ Article 1 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECPHR) states, "The High Contracting Parties shall secure to everyone within their jurisdiction the rights and freedoms defined in Section I of this Convention", which means that the rights are self-executing and do not need further legal transformation.