Hal Roach
Harold Eugene "Hal" Roach Sr. (Janairu 14, 1892 - Nuwamba 2, 1992) ya kasance mai shirya fina-finai da talabijin na Amurka, darektan, marubucin allo, kuma mai shekaru ɗari, wanda shine wanda ya kafa Hal Roach Studios.
Roach ya kasance mai aiki a cikin masana'antar daga shekarun 1910 zuwa 1990 da aka sani da samar da nasarori da yawa ciki har da Laurel da Hardy franchise, fina-finai na farko na Harold Lloyd, fina-filimu na mai nishadantarwa Charley Chase, da kuma jerin gajeren fim din Our Gang.[1]
Rayuwa ta farko da aiki[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
haifi Roach a Elmira, New York, ga Charles Henry Roach, wanda aka haifi mahaifinsa a Wicklow, County Wicklow، Ireland, da Mabel Gertrude Bally, mahaifinta John Bally daga Switzerland. Gabatarwa daga ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka Mark Twain ya burge Roach a matsayin ɗalibin makarantar sakandare. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida][citation needed]
Bayan wani matashi mai ban sha'awa wanda ya kai shi Alaska, Roach ya isa Hollywood a 1912 kuma ya fara aiki a matsayin Ƙarin fim a cikin fina-finai marasa sauti. Bayan ya shiga cikin gado, a 1915 ya fara samar da gajeren fim din wasan kwaikwayo tare da abokinsa Harold Lloyd, wanda ya nuna halin da aka sani da Lonesome Luke . [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida][citation needed]
watan Satumbar 1916, Roach ta auri 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Marguerite Nichols, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayon a cikin shekarun 1930 da 1940, kuma ta mutu a watan Maris na shekara ta 1941. Suna da 'ya'ya biyu, Hal Roach Jr., wanda ya bi mahaifinsa a matsayin furodusa da darektan, da Margaret Roach.
sake yin aure a karo na biyu, a Kanal 1 ga Satumba, 1942, ga Lucille Prin, sakataren Los Angeles. Sun yi aure a gidan Kanar Franklin C. Wolfe da matarsa a Wright-Patterson Airfield a Dayton, Ohio, inda Roach ke aiki a lokacin yayin da yake aiki a matsayin babban jami'in Sojojin Sojan Amurka. Roach da Lucille suna da 'ya'ya hudu, Elizabeth Carson Roach (26 ga Disamba, 1945 - 5 ga Satumba, 1946), Maria May Roach (an haife ta a ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 1947), Jeanne Alice Roach (a haife ta 7 ga Oktoba, 1949), da Kathleen Bridget Roach (as haife ta 29 ga Janairu, 1951).
Nasara[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Da yake ba zai iya fadada ɗakunansa a Downtown Los Angeles ba saboda yanki, Roach ya sayi abin da ya zama Hal Roach Studios daga Harry Culver a Culver City, California. A cikin shekarun 1920 da 1930, ya yi amfani da Lloyd (babban mai samar da kudi har zuwa lokacin da ya tashi a 1923), Will Rogers, Max Davidson, yaran Our Gang, Charley Chase, Harry Langdon, Thelma Todd, ZaSu Pitts, Patsy Kelly kuma, mafi shahara, Laurel da Hardy. A cikin shekarun 1920, babban abokin hamayyar Roach shine mai gabatarwa Mack Sennett . A cikin 1925, Roach ya hayar da darektan kula da Sennett, F. Richard Jones. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida][citation needed]
Roach ya fitar da fina-finai ta hanyar Pathé Exchange har zuwa 1927, lokacin da ya kulla yarjejeniyar rarrabawa tare da Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Ya canza ɗakin fim dinsa zuwa sauti a ƙarshen 1928 kuma ya fara fitar da gajeren magana a farkon 1929. A cikin kwanaki kafin dubing, an halicci nau'ikan harsunan waje na wasan kwaikwayo na Roach ta hanyar sake yin kowane fim a cikin Mutanen Espanya, Faransanci, da kuma wani lokaci Italiyanci da Jamusanci. Laurel & Hardy, Charley Chase, da yaran Our Gang (wasu daga cikinsu ba su fara makaranta ba) ana buƙatar su karanta tattaunawar kasashen waje ta hanyar sauti, sau da yawa suna aiki daga allon baƙar fata da aka ɓoye a kan kyamara. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida
A cikin 1931, tare da sakin fim din Laurel & Hardy Pardon Us, Roach ya fara samar da siffofi masu tsawo na lokaci-lokaci tare da gajerun batutuwa. Wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu ba su da fa'ida fiye da siffofi, kuma Roach ya fitar da mafi yawansu a shekarar 1936. Lokacin da fim din Our Gang Janar Spanky bai yi yadda ake tsammani ba, Roach ya yi niyyar rushe Our Gang gaba ɗaya. MGM har yanzu tana son gajerun batutuwa na Our Gang, don haka Roach ya amince da samar da su a cikin guda-reel (minti 10).
cikin 1937, Roach ya ɗauki haɗin gwiwar kasuwanci tare da Vittorio Mussolini, ɗan mulkin kama-karya na Italiya Benito Mussolini, don kafa kamfanin samarwa da ake kira "R.A.M." (Roach da Mussolini). Roach ya yi iƙirarin cewa shirin ya shafi bankunan Italiya da ke ba da dala miliyan 6 wanda zai ba da damar ɗakin Roach don samar da jerin fina-finai 12. Takwas za su kasance don tantance Italiyanci kawai yayin da sauran hudu za su sami rarrabawar duniya. Fim na farko ga Italiya ya zama fim na wasan kwaikwayo na Rigoletto .
Wannan haɗin gwiwar kasuwanci aka gabatar tare da Mussolini ya tsoratar da MGM, wanda ya shiga tsakani kuma ya tilasta Roach ya sayi hanyarsa daga kasuwancin. Wannan kunya, haɗe da rashin aikin yawancin fina-finai na Roach na baya-bayan nan (sai dai sunayen Laurel & Hardy da Topper na 1937), ya haifar da ƙarshen kwangilar rarraba Roach tare da MGM. A watan Mayu 1938, Roach ya sayar da MGM da haƙƙin samarwa da kwangilar 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ga gajeren gajeren ga Our Gang. Roach ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar rarrabawa tare da United Artists a wannan lokacin.
Daga 1937 zuwa 1940, Roach ya mai da hankali kan samar da siffofi masu haske, ya watsar da ƙananan wasan kwaikwayo kusan gaba ɗaya. Yawancin sabbin fina-finai sun kasance ko dai farces masu ban sha'awa (kamar Topper da The Housekeeper's Daughter, 1939) ko kuma farashi mai tsayi (kamar Kyaftin Fury, 1939, da Miliyan daya K.Z., 1940). Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan Roach a cikin wasan kwaikwayo mai nauyi shine Of Mice and Men (1939), wanda 'yan wasan kwaikwayo Burgess Meredith da Lon Chaney Jr. suka taka muhimmiyar rawa. Laurel da Hardy comedies, da zarar manyan katunan zane na Roach studio, yanzu sun kasance mafi ƙarancin samfurin studio kuma an cire su gaba ɗaya a cikin 1940.
cikin 1940, Roach ya yi gwaji tare da matsakaicin matsakaici, yana gudana minti 40 zuwa 50 kowannensu. Ya yi jayayya cewa waɗannan "streamliners", kamar yadda ya kira su, za su kasance da amfani a cikin yanayi biyu inda babban jan hankali ya kasance mai tsawo. Masu baje kolin sun yarda da shi kuma sun yi amfani da ƙananan siffofi Roach don daidaita manyan takardun kudi biyu. Ya yi niyyar gabatar da sabon tsarin tare da jerin fina-finai huɗu na Laurel da Hardy, amma United Artists sun yi watsi da shi, wanda ya nace kan fina-fukkuna biyu na Laurel & Hardy a maimakon haka. United Artists sun ci gaba da sakin Roach ta hanyar 1943. A wannan lokacin, Roach ba shi da kamfani mai zama na taurari masu ban dariya kuma ya jefa fina-finai tare da sanannun 'yan wasan da aka nuna (William Tracy da Joe Sawyer, Johnny Downs, Jean Porter, Frank Faylen, William Bendix, George E. Stone, Bobby Watson, da sauransu).
yake fahimtar darajar ɗakin karatu na fim dinsa, a cikin 1943 Roach ya fara ba da lasisi ga farfado da tsofaffin kayan aikinsa don rarraba wasan kwaikwayo ta hanyar Film Classics, Inc. da rarraba fina-finai na gida.
Yaƙin Duniya na II da talabijin[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Roach ., wanda aka ba da izini a cikin Sojojin Sojojin Amurka a 1927, an kira shi zuwa aikin soja a cikin Signal Corps a watan Yunin 1942, yana da shekaru 50. An canza fitowar studio da ya kula da shi a cikin tufafi daga abubuwan nishaɗi zuwa fina-finai na horo na soja. An ba da hayar ɗakunan ga Sojojin Sama na Amurka, kuma Sashin Hotuna na Farko ya yi fina-finai 400 na horo, halin kirki da farfaganda a "Fort Roach". Mambobin ƙungiyar sun haɗa da Ronald Reagan da Alan Ladd. Bayan yakin gwamnati ta mayar da ɗakin studio ga Roach, tare da miliyoyin daloli na ci gaba.
shekara ta 1946, Hal Roach ya ci gaba da samar da fim din motsi, tare da tsohon dan wasan Harold Lloyd Bebe Daniels a matsayin mataimakin furodusa. Roach shine mai samar da Hollywood na farko da ya karɓi jadawalin samar da launi, yana yin layi huɗu a cikin Cinécolor, kodayake karuwar farashin samarwa bai haifar da karuwar kudaden shiga ba. A cikin 1948, tare da ɗakinsa mai zurfi a cikin bashi, Roach ya sake kafa ɗakinsa don samar da talabijin, tare da Hal Roach Jr., samar da jerin shirye-shirye kamar The Stu Erwin Show, Steve Donovan, Western Marshal, Racket Squad, The Public Defender, The Gale Storm Show, Rocky Jones, Space Ranger da My Little Margie, da masu samar da kansu da ke hayar kayan aiki don shirye-shiryen kamar Amos 'n' Andy, The Life of Riley da The Abbott da Costello Show. A shekara ta 1951, ɗakin studio yana samar da sa'o'i 1,500 na shirye-shiryen talabijin a shekara, kusan sau uku na fitowar fina-finai na shekara-shekara na Hollywood.
Tsoffin fina-finai na wasan kwaikwayo na Roach sun kasance farkon isowa a talabijin. Ayyukansa na Laurel da Hardy sun yi nasara a cikin talabijin, kamar yadda ya samar da Our Gang comedies daga 1929 zuwa 1938.
Shekaru na baya[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
shekara ta 1955, Roach ya sayar da abubuwan da yake da su a kamfanin samarwa ga ɗansa, Hal Roach Jr., kuma ya yi ritaya daga samarwa. Ƙaramin Roach ya rasa yawancin ƙwarewar kasuwancin mahaifinsa kuma an tilasta masa sayar da ɗakin studio a 1958 ga Kamfanin Scranton, wani ɓangare na kamfanin kera motoci na F. L. Jacobs Co. A ƙarshe an rufe ɗakin Roach a 1961.
Shekaru ashirin yawa, Roach Sr. wani lokaci yana aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan ayyukan da suka shafi aikin da ya gabata. A shekara ta 1983 an sake kunna sunan "Hal Roach Studios" a matsayin damuwa ta bidiyo, ta fara sabon filin fina-finai masu launi. Roach ya ba da ɗakin karatu na fim dinsa ga dalilin amma in ba haka ba bai shiga cikin sabon bidiyon bidiyo ba. Da yake da matukar karfi har zuwa tsufa, Roach ya yi la'akari da dawowar wasan kwaikwayo a shekara ta 96.
shekara ta 1984, an gabatar da Roach mai shekaru 92 tare da lambar yabo ta Kwalejin girmamawa. Tsoffin mambobin Our Gang Jackie Cooper da George "Spanky" McFarland sun gabatar da ga Roach mai ladabi, tare da McFarland yana godiya ga furodusa don hayar shi shekaru 53 da suka gabata. Wani karin memba na Our Gang, Ernie Morrison, ya kasance a cikin taron kuma ya fara tsaye ga Roach. Shekaru da suka gabata Cooper ya kasance mafi ƙanƙanta wanda aka zaba a kyautar Kwalejin don aikinsa a Skippy lokacin da yake ƙarƙashin kwangila tare da Roach. Kodayake Paramount ta biya Roach $ 25,000 don ayyukan Cooper a wannan fim ɗin, Roach ya biya Cooper kawai albashi na $ 50 a kowane mako.
ranar 21 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1992, Roach ya kasance baƙo a kan The Tonight Show tare da Johnny Carson, mako guda bayan ranar haihuwarsa ta 100, inda ya ba da labarin abubuwan da ya samu tare da taurari kamar Stan Laurel da Jean Harlow; har ma ya yi taƙaitaccen, nunawa mai ƙarfi na rawa na "humble hula". A watan Fabrairun 1992, Roach ya yi tafiya zuwa Berlin don karɓar kyautar girmamawa ta Berlinale Kamera don Rayuwa a bikin fina-finai na duniya na 42 na Berlin.
ranar 30 ga Maris, 1992, Roach ya bayyana a bikin bayar da Kyautar Kwalejin ta 64, wanda Billy Crystal ya shirya. Lokacin da Roach ya tashi daga masu sauraro zuwa gaisuwa tsaye, sai ya yanke shawarar ba da jawabi ba tare da makirufo ba, wanda ya sa Crystal ya yi ba'a "Ina tsammanin hakan ya dace saboda Mista Roach ya fara cikin fina-finai marasa sauti".