Harshen Bilen
Yaren Bilen (blina b(ɨ)lina ko blin b(ɨ)lin) mutanen Bilen ke magana a ciki da wajen birnin Keren na ƙasar Eritrea. Shi ne kawai yaren Agaw (Central Cushitic) da ake magana da shi a Eritrea. Kimanin mutane 72,000 ne ke magana da shi[1]
Tafsirin Suna
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]"Blin" shine rubutun Ingilishi wanda masu magana da harshen suka fi so, [ana buƙatar magana] amma Bilin da Bilen ana amfani da su sosai. Bilin shine sunan tunani wanda aka yi amfani da shi ba bisa ka'ida ba a cikin bugu na farko na Turanci na ISO 639-3, amma Blin kuma an jera shi azaman daidai suna ba tare da fifiko ba. A cikin jerin Ingilishi na ISO 639-2, an jera Blin a matsayin farko a cikin jerin Ingilishi da Faransanci, lokacin da aka jera Bilin azaman madadin suna a cikin jerin Ingilishi, kuma Bilen shine madadin sunan a cikin jerin Faransanci. Rahoton Ethnologue ya lissafa Bilen a matsayin sunan da aka fi so, amma kuma Bogo, Bogos, Bilayn, Bilin, Balen, Beleni, Belen, Bilein, Bileno, North Agaw a matsayin madadin sunayen.
Fassarar sauti
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ba a bayyana ko Bilen yana da sautin ba. Yana iya samun lafazin farar sauti (Fallon 2004) kamar yadda fitattun kalmomi ko da yaushe suna da babban sautin, amma ba duka kalmomi suna da irin wannan saƙon ba.
Vowels
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]| Wasula | Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | Samfuri:IPA link | Samfuri:IPA link | Samfuri:IPA link | |
| Mid | Samfuri:IPA link | Samfuri:IPA link | Samfuri:IPA link | |
| Low | Samfuri:IPA link |
Bakake Lura: /tʃ/ ana samunsa a cikin lamuni, kuma matsayin /ʔ/ a matsayin sautin waya bai tabbata ba.
/r/ yawanci ana gane shi azaman famfo ne lokacin da yake tsaka-tsaki da trill lokacin da yake matsayi na ƙarshe.
| Ejective consonant | Voiced allophone | Gloss |
|---|---|---|
| /laħátʃʼɨna/ | [laħádʒɨna] | 'to bark' |
| /kʼaratʃʼna/ | [kʼaradʒna] | 'to cut' |
| /kʷʼakʷʼito/ | [ɡʷaʔʷito] | 'he was afraid' |
Tsarin rubutu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ge'ez abugida Duba kuma: Rubutun Geʽez § Daidaituwa zuwa wasu harsuna An fara samar da tsarin rubutu na Bilen daga masu mishan da suka yi amfani da Geʽez abugida kuma an buga rubutu na farko a shekara ta 1882. Ko da yake ana amfani da rubutun Geʽez don harsunan Semitic, wayoyin Bilen sun yi kama da juna (wasulan wasali 7, labiovelar da ejective consonants). ). Don haka rubutun yana buƙatar ɗan gyare-gyare kaɗan kawai (ƙarin baƙaƙe don ŋ da ŋʷ) don sanya shi dacewa da Bilen. Wasu ƙarin alamun da ake buƙata don rubuta Bilen tare da wannan rubutun suna cikin kewayon Unicode "Ethiopic Extended" maimakon kewayon "Ethiopic".
| IPA | e | u | i | a | ie | ɨ/- | o | ʷe | ʷi | ʷa | ʷie | ʷɨ/- | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| h | ሀ | ሁ | ሂ | ሃ | ሄ | ህ | ሆ | ||||||
| l | ለ | ሉ | ሊ | ላ | ሌ | ል | ሎ | ||||||
| ħ | ሐ | ሑ | ሒ | ሓ | ሔ | ሕ | ሖ | ||||||
| m | መ | ሙ | ሚ | ማ | ሜ | ም | ሞ | ||||||
| s | ሰ | ሱ | ሲ | ሳ | ሴ | ስ | ሶ | ||||||
| ʃ | ሸ | ሹ | ሺ | ሻ | ሼ | ሽ | ሾ | ||||||
| r | ረ | ሩ | ሪ | ራ | ሬ | ር | ሮ | ||||||
| kʼ | ቀ | ቁ | ቂ | ቃ | ቄ | ቅ | ቆ | ቈ | ቊ | ቋ | ቌ | ቍ | |
| ʁ | ቐ | ቑ | ቒ | ቓ | ቔ | ቕ | ቖ | ቘ | ቚ | ቛ | ቜ | ቝ | |
| b | በ | ቡ | ቢ | ባ | ቤ | ብ | ቦ | ||||||
| t | ተ | ቱ | ቲ | ታ | ቴ | ት | ቶ | ||||||
| n | ነ | ኑ | ኒ | ና | ኔ | ን | ኖ | ||||||
| ʔ | አ | ኡ | ኢ | ኣ | ኤ | እ | ኦ | ||||||
| k | ከ | ኩ | ኪ | ካ | ኬ | ክ | ኮ | ኰ | ኲ | ኳ | ኴ | ኵ | |
| x | ኸ | ኹ | ኺ | ኻ | ኼ | ኽ | ኾ | ዀ | ዂ | ዃ | ዄ | ዅ | |
| w | ወ | ዉ | ዊ | ዋ | ዌ | ው | ዎ | ||||||
| ʕ | ዐ | ዑ | ዒ | ዓ | ዔ | ዕ | ዖ | ||||||
| j | የ | ዩ | ዪ | ያ | ዬ | ይ | ዮ | ||||||
| d | ደ | ዱ | ዲ | ዳ | ዴ | ድ | ዶ | ||||||
| dʒ | ጀ | ጁ | ጂ | ጃ | ጄ | ጅ | ጆ | ||||||
| ɡ | ገ | ጉ | ጊ | ጋ | ጌ | ግ | ጎ | ጐ | ጒ | ጓ | ጔ | ጕ | |
| ŋ | ጘ | ጙ | ጚ | ጛ | ጜ | ጝ | ጞ | ⶓ | ⶔ | ጟ | ⶕ | ⶖ | |
| tʼ | ጠ | ጡ | ጢ | ጣ | ጤ | ጥ | ጦ | ||||||
| tʃʼ | ጨ | ጩ | ጪ | ጫ | ጬ | ጭ | ጮ | ||||||
| f | ፈ | ፉ | ፊ | ፋ | ፌ | ፍ | ፎ | ||||||
| z | ዘ | ዙ | ዚ | ዛ | ዜ | ዝ | ዞ | ||||||
| ʒ | ዠ | ዡ | ዢ | ዣ | ዤ | ዥ | ዦ | ||||||
| tʃ | ቸ | ቹ | ቺ | ቻ | ቼ | ች | ቾ | ||||||
| ɲ | ኘ | ኙ | ኚ | ኛ | ኜ | ኝ | ኞ | ||||||
| sʼ | ጸ | ጹ | ጺ | ጻ | ጼ | ጽ | ጾ | ||||||
| pʼ | ጰ | ጱ | ጲ | ጳ | ጴ | ጵ | ጶ | ||||||
| p | ፐ | ፑ | ፒ | ፓ | ፔ | ፕ | ፖ | ||||||
| v | ቨ | ቩ | ቪ | ቫ | ቬ | ቭ | ቮ | ||||||
| IPA | e | u | i | a | ie | ɨ/- | o | ʷe | ʷi | ʷa | ʷie | ʷɨ/- | |
Harafin Latin A cikin 1985 ƙungiyar 'yantar da jama'ar Eritrea ta yanke shawarar yin amfani da rubutun Latin don Bilen da duk wasu harsunan da ba na Yahudawa ba a Eritrea. Wannan babban yanke shawara ne na siyasa: rubutun Geʽez yana da alaƙa da Kiristanci saboda amfani da liturgical. Ana ganin haruffan Latin a matsayin mafi tsaka tsaki kuma na zamanai. A cikin 1993 gwamnati ta kafa wani kwamiti don daidaita harshen Bilen da kuma rubutun da aka yi a Latin. "Wannan ya rushe al'adar shekaru 110 na rubuta Blin a cikin rubutun Habasha." (Fallon, Bilen Orthography [2])
Tun daga 1997, tsarin haruffa shine:
e, u, i, a, e, o, b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z, ñ, nw, th, ch, sh, kh, kw, kw, qw, gw. Ƙimar su tana kama da IPA baya ga masu zuwa:
| Letter | Value |
|---|---|
| é | ɨ |
| c | ʕ |
| j | dʒ |
| q | kʼ |
| x | ħ |
| y | j |
| ñ | ŋ |
| th | tʼ |
| ch | tʃʼ |
| sh | ʃ |
| kh | x |