Harshen Enets

Ƙarƙashin
Onei baza
'Yan asalin ƙasar	Rasha
Yankin	Krasnoyarsk Krai, tare da ƙananan Kogin Yenisei
Ƙabilar	Mutane 260 Enets (ƙidayar jama'a ta 2010)
Masu magana da asali	(ƙidayar jama'a ta 2020) [1]
Iyalin harshe	Uralic Samyedic (babban) Enets-Nenets Ƙarƙashin
Lambobin harshe
ISO 639-3	Ko dai:enf - Forest Enetsenh - Tundra Enets
Glottolog	enet1250
ELP	Gidajen daji Jirgin Tundra
harsu Enets na yanzu.
Forest Enets an rarraba shi a matsayin mai haɗari sosai ta UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in DangerAtlas na Harsunan Duniya da ke cikin Haɗari

Enets yare ne na Samoyedic na Arewacin Siberia wanda ake magana a kan Lower Yenisei a cikin iyakokin Gundumar Taimyr, wani yanki na Krasnoyarsk Krai, Tarayyar Rasha. Enets cikin reshen Arewa na Harsunan Samoyedic, wanda shi ma reshe ne na dangin yaren Uralic. cikin 2010 kimanin mutane 40 sun yi iƙirarin cewa su masu magana da Enets ne, yayin da A cikin 2020, mutane 69 suka yi iƙirin cewa suna magana da Enet a cikin asali, yayin da mutane 97 suka amsa sanin Enets gabaɗaya.

Harsuna

Akwai yare biyu daban-daban, Forest Enets (Bai) da Tundra Enets (Madu ko Somatu), wanda za'a iya la'akari da harsuna daban-daban.

Forest Enets shine mafi ƙanƙanta daga cikin yarukan Enets guda biyu. A cikin hunturu na 2006/2007, kimanin mutane 35 sun yi magana da shi (6 a Dudinka, 20 a Potapova da 10 a Tukhard, ƙarami daga cikinsu an haife shi a 1962 kuma mafi tsufa a 1945). Yawancin waɗannan masu magana suna da Harsuna uku, tare da ƙwarewa a cikin Forest Enets, Tundra Nenets da Rasha, sun fi son yin magana da Tundra Nenet.

Harsunan biyu sun bambanta a cikin ilimin sauti da kuma a cikin ƙamus. An sami ƙarin bambancin a cikin bayanan Enets na farko daga ƙarni na 17 zuwa 19, kodayake ana iya sanya duk waɗannan nau'ikan a matsayin Tundra Enets ko Forest Enets .

Bambance-bambance na sauti:

• A wasu kalmomi, Forest Enets /s/ ya dace da Tundra Enets /ɟ/ (daga Proto-Samoyedic *ms, *ns, *rs da *rkj).
  • Forest mese - Tundra meɟe 'iska' (daga *merse < *märkjä);
  • Forest osa - Tundra uɟa 'nama' (daga *ʊnsa < *əmså);
  • Forest sira - Tundra silra 'snow';
  • Dajin judado - Tundra judaro 'pike';
  • Forest kadaʔa - Tundra karaʔa 'kakar';
• A wasu kalmomi, Forest Enets kalmar farko /na/ ya dace da Tundra Enets /e/ (daga Proto-Samoyedic *a- > *ä-).
• Wasu wasula + jerin sauka na Proto-Samoyedic suna da ra'ayoyi daban-daban a cikin Forest Enets da Tundra Enets.
• Forest Enets kalma-farko /ɟi/ ya dace da Tundra Enets /i/ .

An kirkiro rubutun harshen Enets a cikin shekarun 1980s kuma an yi amfani da shi don samar da littattafai da yawa. A cikin shekarun 1990s akwai jaridar gida tare da sakawa a cikin harsunan gida (ciki har da harshen Enets), Soviet Таймыр (Soviet Taimyr, zamani mai sauƙi Taymyr) da aka buga da kuma taƙaitaccen watsa shirye-shiryen Enets a rediyo na gida, wanda ya rufe a 2003, ya zama kari ga masu magana.

Rubutun kalmomi

An rubuta Enets ta amfani da haruffa na Cyrillic, kodayake ya haɗa da haruffan da ba a amfani da su a cikin haruffa ta Rashin ba.

A kuma	B	A cikin	G	D da	Ya kasance	Yã da ƙãra	Yamma da kuma
JI	Z Z	Kuma da	Y ya	K zuwa	L	M M	A'a da
Wannan shi ne wannan	Game da	P	R	Daga	Sanya	T.	Yana da shi
F	H x	C.	Ч ч	Sh.	Щ щ	Jiki	Ы
Ya yi	E E.	Y Y	Ni ni ne

A cikin 2019, an sake fasalin haruffa na Enets, kuma a cikin Afrilu 2020, an buga Enets na farko a cikin sabon sigar haruffa. Harshen ya ƙunshi haruffa masu zuwa:

A kuma	B	A cikin	G	D da	Ya kasance	Yamma da kuma	Yã da ƙãra
JI	Z Z	Kuma da	Y ya	K zuwa	L	M M	A'a da
Tun da yawa	Game da	Ruwa mai laushi	P	R	Daga	T.	Yana da shi
F	H x	C.	Ч ч	Sh.	Щ щ	JI	Ы
Ya kasance	E E.	Y Y	Ni ni ne	Har ila yau, har ila yau