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Harshen Jino

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
kayan sawan mutanan jino

Harshen Jino (Jinuo 基諾語; [1] autonyms: tɕy˦no˦, ki˦ɲo˦) ya ƙunshi nau'in yaren Loloish guda biyu waɗanda mutanen Jino na Yunnan, China ke magana dashi.

Gabaɗaya, akwai kusan adadin mutanen Jinuo 28,320 da ke zaune a kasar Sin.[2] Kimanin kashi 70-80% na mutanen Jinuo na iya magana da ko wanne daga cikin nau'in Jino sosai.[3] Harshen Jino ya ƙunshi yaruka biyu na Youle Jino da Buyuan Jinuo, [4] kuma ba sa fahimtar juna.

Buyuan Jino mutane 21,000 ne ke magana da shi;[8] galibin masu magana da harshe daya ne, wanda ke nufin suna jin Buyuan Jino ne kawai.[1] Babu rubutaccen fom na hukuma. Yawancin mutanen Jino kuma suna magana ɗaya daga cikin yaren Tai ko Sinanci. Lambar ISO 639-3 na nau'in Jino sune "jiu" na Youle Jino da "jiy" na Buyuan Jino.[5] Lambobin Glottocode na nau'in Jino sune "youl1235" na Youle Jino [6]da "buyu1238" na Buyuan Jino.[7]

Ba a tabbatar da ainihin rarrabuwar Jino a cikin reshen Loloish na dangin Sino-Tibet ba. An rarraba Jino a matsayin harshen Kudancin Loloish (Hanoish) ta Ziwo Lama (2012), [8] amma a matsayin harshen Loloish ta tsakiya ta Bradley (2007).[9] Hakanan ana rarraba Jino a matsayin harshen Loloish na Kudancin a cikin Satterthwaite-Phillips' (2011) ƙididdigar ƙididdigar phylogenetic na harsunan Lolo-Burmese.[10]

Amfani da Jino yana raguwa da sauri: a cikin 1980s, 70-80% na mutanen Jino sun yi amfani da Jino; a shekara ta 2000, kasa da kashi 50 cikin 100 na jama'a na iya jin Jino.[11]

Majalisar kasar ta amince da al'ummar Jino a ranar 6 ga watan Yuni 1979 a matsayin 'yan tsiraru na karshe da aka amince da su a kasar Sin.[12]

A tarihi, an tsara al’ummar Jino a matsayin al’adar aure, kuma “Jino” na nufin “saukarwa daga kawu,” kuma yana nufin muhimmancin ɗan’uwan uwa a cikin al’ummomin ma’aurata.[13]

Ta fuskar harshe, Jino ya yi kama da sauran harsunan da ke karkashin reshen harsunan Tibeto-Burman, saboda al'ummar Jino sun kaura daga arewa maso yammacin lardin Yunnan zuwa yankunan da suke a yanzu, amma ba a san lokacin da kuma hanyoyin da za a bi na wannan hijirar ba. ,[14]

Rarraba yankuna

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ana magana da Jino a garin Jinuo (Tuni na Jinuo), wanda ke cikin birnin Jinghong na lardin Sipsongbanna Dai mai cin gashin kansa na lardin Yunnan na kasar Sin.[13]

Sautunan sauti

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Akwai tonemes biyar a Buyuan Jino. Gai ya yi imanin cewa aikin sautin sauti yana bambanta ma'anoni na lexical da ma'anoni na nahawu.[15]

  1. /˥/ (sautin babban matakin, 55): yana son rage wasula ta hanyar sauti
  2. /˦/ (sautin matsakaici, 44): ƙasa da 55, ko da yake har yanzu yana girma
  3. /˧˩/ (ƙarashin sautin faɗuwa, 31)
  4. /˧˥/ (sautin tashi, 35)
  5. /˥˧/ (sautin faɗuwa mai girma, 53)

/˥˧/ (53) ana ganin sautin yana da wuyar bambancewa yayin sauraron mai magana.[7]

Tsarin rubutu

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Jino ba shi da tsarin rubutu na hukuma, amma ya ƙirƙiri tsarin alamomi da yawa don rufe sadarwa a yanayi daban-daban.[1] Jino ya yi amfani da allunan katako da aka zana ko kuma bamboo don rubuta basussuka tsakanin ƙauyuka.

  1. 1.0 1.1 http://endangeredlanguages.com/lang/4330
  2. https://asiaharvest.org/people-group-profiles/#china
  3. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas
  4. http://id.nii.ac.jp/1085/00001317/
  5. https://www.ethnologue.com/language/jiy
  6. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/jino1236
  7. 7.0 7.1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glottolog
  8. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jino_language#CITEREFLama2012
  9. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jino_language#cite_ref-11
  10. http://purl.stanford.edu/wv919xj7158
  11. https://books.google.com/books?id=2Xln94QUnnkC&q=jinuo+language&pg=PA193
  12. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61451-253-0
  13. 13.0 13.1 https://books.google.com/books?id=oZCOAwAAQBAJ&q=jino+language&pg=PA122
  14. https://books.google.com/books?id=jsNTAwAAQBAJ&q=jino+language&pg=PA18
  15. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jino_language#cite_ref-15