Harshen Jino

Harshen Jino (Jinuo 基諾語; autonyms: tɕy˦no˦, ki˦ɲo˦) ya ƙunshi nau'in yaren Loloish guda biyu waɗanda mutanen Jino na Yunnan, China ke magana.

Ire-Ire

Gabaɗaya, akwai kusan mutanen Jinuo 28,320 da ke zaune a kasar Sin. Kimanin kashi 70-80% na mutanen Jinuo na iya magana da ko wanne daga cikin nau'in Jino sosai. Harshen Jino ya ƙunshi yaruka biyu na Youle Jino da Buyuan Jinuo, kuma ba sa fahimtar juna.

Buyuan Jino mutane 21,000 ne ke magana da shi;[8] galibin masu magana da harshe daya ne, wanda ke nufin suna jin Buyuan Jino ne kawai. Babu rubutaccen fom na hukuma. Yawancin mutanen Jino kuma suna magana ɗaya daga cikin yaren Tai ko Sinanci. Lambar ISO 639-3 na nau'in Jino sune "jiu" na Youle Jino da "jiy" na Buyuan Jino. Lambobin Glottocode na nau'in Jino sune "youl1235" na Youle Jino da "buyu1238" na Buyuan Jino.

Rabewa

Ba a tabbatar da ainihin rarrabuwar Jino a cikin reshen Loloish na dangin Sino-Tibet ba. An rarraba Jino a matsayin harshen Kudancin Loloish (Hanoish) ta Ziwo Lama (2012), amma a matsayin harshen Loloish ta tsakiya ta Bradley (2007). Hakanan ana rarraba Jino a matsayin harshen Loloish na Kudancin a cikin Satterthwaite-Phillips' (2011) ƙididdigar ƙididdigar phylogenetic na harsunan Lolo-Burmese.

Tarihi

Amfani da Jino yana raguwa da sauri: a cikin 1980s, 70-80% na mutanen Jino sun yi amfani da Jino; a shekara ta 2000, kasa da kashi 50 cikin 100 na jama'a na iya jin Jino.

Majalisar kasar ta amince da al'ummar Jino a ranar 6 ga watan Yuni 1979 a matsayin 'yan tsiraru na karshe da aka amince da su a kasar Sin.

A tarihi, an tsara al’ummar Jino a matsayin al’adar aure, kuma “Jino” na nufin “saukarwa daga kawu,” kuma yana nufin muhimmancin ɗan’uwan uwa a cikin al’ummomin ma’aurata.

Ta fuskar harshe, Jino ya yi kama da sauran harsunan da ke karkashin reshen harsunan Tibeto-Burman, saboda al'ummar Jino sun kaura daga arewa maso yammacin lardin Yunnan zuwa yankunan da suke a yanzu, amma ba a san lokacin da kuma hanyoyin da za a bi na wannan hijirar ba. ,

Rarraba yankuna

Ana magana da Jino a garin Jinuo (Tuni na Jinuo), wanda ke cikin birnin Jinghong na lardin Sipsongbanna Dai mai cin gashin kansa na lardin Yunnan na kasar Sin.

Sautunan sauti

Akwai tonemes biyar a Buyuan Jino. Gai ya yi imanin cewa aikin sautin sauti yana bambanta ma'anoni na lexical da ma'anoni na nahawu.

1. /˥/ (sautin babban matakin, 55): yana son rage wasula ta hanyar sauti
2. /˦/ (sautin matsakaici, 44): ƙasa da 55, ko da yake har yanzu yana girma
3. /˧˩/ (ƙarashin sautin faɗuwa, 31)
4. /˧˥/ (sautin tashi, 35)
5. /˥˧/ (sautin faɗuwa mai girma, 53)

/˥˧/ (53) ana ganin sautin yana da wuyar bambancewa yayin sauraron mai magana.

Tsarin rubutu

Jino ba shi da tsarin rubutu na hukuma, amma ya ƙirƙiri tsarin alamomi da yawa don rufe sadarwa a yanayi daban-daban.[1] Jino ya yi amfani da allunan katako da aka zana ko kuma bamboo don rubuta basussuka tsakanin ƙauyuka.