Harshen Kaili

Harshen Kaili
Dangin harshen	Austronesian (en) ; Malayo-Polynesian (en) ; Western Malayo-Polynesian (en) ; Kaili–Pamona (en) ; Harshen Kaili; ; ; ; ;
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	kail1254

kaili yaren Austronesia gungu ne na reshen Celebci, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan yarukan Sulawesi ta Tsakiya . Zuciyar yankin Kaiili shine faffadan kwarin kogin Palu wanda ya taso kudu daga babban birnin Sulawesi ta tsakiya, Palu . Har ila yau, ana magana da Kaiili a cikin tsaunukan da ke tasowa a bangarorin biyu na wannan kwari, da kuma bakin tekun Makassar Strait da G

Yaruka

Yin la'akari mai kyau, yana yiwuwa a bambanta nau'in yanki guda goma sha shida na Kaili. Dangane da al'adar mutanen Kaili da kansu, kowane iri-iri ana kiran su da sunan wanda ba shi da tushe. Alal misali, a yankin Tawaeli a arewa maso gabashin Palu, masu magana da harshen Kaili suna amfani da rai a matsayin kalmar 'a'a,' yayin da masu magana a yankin Parigi da ke Tekun Tomini ke amfani da tara . Ana iya kiran waɗannan nau'ikan guda biyu a matsayin 'Kaili Rai' da 'Kaili Tara', ba tare da la'akari da ko mutum ya yi niyyar ɗaukar waɗannan nau'ikan a matsayin yare, yare, ko yare ba. Hakanan ana iya kiran waɗannan nau'ikan 'Tawaeli' da 'Parigi'.

Teburi mai zuwa shine jerin nau'in Kaili mafi ƙanƙanta, waɗanda aka gabatar ta hanyar ƙin yarda da madadin suna (s) waɗanda aka san kowanne da su.

Negator	Wasu suna (s)
ende	Tori Bara, Bara
tado	Zuwa Ri Io, Torio, Toriyu
inde	Ku Kanggon, Banja
da'a	Domin, Dombu
unde	Lalle, Lola
dapu	Ganti
ledo	Palu
doi	Mamboro, Kayu Malue
ija	Sigi
ado	Sibalaya
edo	Sidondo
ta	Palolo
rai	Tawaeli, Tawaeali-Sindue
raio	Kori
tara	Parigi, Pagi
ta'a	Sausu, Dolago-Sausu

Rarraba nau'ikan Kaili

Adriani (1914)

Masanin ilimin harshe Nicolaus Adriani ya gane harsuna takwas. ^[2] A cikin wannan farkon aikin, nau'ikan Kaili da yawa ba a san su ba tukuna ga marubucin.

Tawaeli ( Rai )
Palu ( Ledo )
Lole ( Unde )
Ganti ( Ndepuu )
Sigi ( Ija )
Pakuli ( Ado, Edo )
Parisi ( Tara )
Sausu ( Ta'a )

Annabi (1938)

Masanin ilimin harshe SJ Esser ya raba Kaili zuwa ƙungiyoyin yamma, tsakiya da gabas. ^[3] Esser bai sani ba ko sassansa suna wakiltar yaruka ko harsuna, amma Noorduyn ya kammala yana nufin yare ɗaya mai manyan yaruka uku. ^[4]

West Kaili ( Ende, Tado, Inde, Da'a, Unde, Ndepuu )
Central Kaili ( Ledo, Ado, Edo, Ija, Taa )
Gabas Kaili ( Rai, Tara, Ta'a )

Kruyt (1938)

Yin amfani da ilimin ɗan adam maimakon ma'aunin harshe, Alb. C. Kruyt ya raba mutanen wannan yanki zuwa 'zobe' ko 'da'ira' uku. ^[5]

Zoben Pakawa ( Ende, Tado, Inde, Da'a )
zoben Kaili ( Unde, Ndepuu, Rai, Tara, Ta'a, Doi, Ledo )
Zoben Sigi ( Ado, Edo, Ija, Taa )

Barr da Barr (1979)

Barr da Barr sun gane harshe ɗaya mai yarukan shida (sun kuma haɗa da Kulawi a matsayin yare na bakwai, amma sun bar Ende da Tado ba tare da la'akari ba tunda ba a magana da waɗannan nau'ikan a Sulawesi ta Tsakiya). ^[6]

Pekava ( Inde, Da'a )
Banava ( Unde, Ndepuu )
Tawaeli-Sindue ( Rai )
Parigi ( Tara, Ta'a )
Palu ( Doi, Ledo )
Sigi ( Ado, Edo, Ija, Taa )

Ethnologue (2009)

Ethnologue (ed na 16, 2009) ya san harsuna huɗu. A cikin wannan rarrabuwar kawuna, Kaili Ledo an fi ɗaukarsa a matsayin 'duk wani abu' rukunin 'yana jiran ƙarin bincike'.

Baras ( Ende )
Kaili Da'a ( Tado, Inde, Da'a )
Kaili Ledo ( Raio, Rai, Tara, Ta'a, Doi, Ledo, Ado, Edo, Ija, Taa )
Kaili Unde ( Unde, Ndepuu )

Bayanan kula

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Kaili". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
↑ Adriani, N., and Alb. C. Kruyt. De Bare’e-sprekende Toradja’s van Midden Celebes, vol. 3 (Batavia: Landsdrukkerij, 1914), pp. 350-351.
↑ Kruyt, Alb. C. De West-Toradjas op Midden-Celebes, vol. 1 (Amsterdam: Noord-Hollandsche, 1938), p. 46.
↑ Noorduyn, J. A Critical Survey of Studies on the Languages of Sulawesi (Leiden: KITLV Press, 1991), p. 76.
↑ Kruyt, Alb. C. De West-Toradjas op Midden-Celebes, vol. 1 (Amsterdam: Noord-Hollandsche, 1938), pp. 12-13.
↑ Barr, Donald, and Sharon Barr. Languages of Central Sulawesi (Ujung Pandang: Hasanuddin University, 1979), pp. 46-51.

Manazarta

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Harshen Kaili". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[2] Adriani, N., and Alb. C. Kruyt. De Bare’e-sprekende Toradja’s van Midden Celebes, vol. 3 (Batavia: Landsdrukkerij, 1914), pp. 350-351.

[3] Kruyt, Alb. C. De West-Toradjas op Midden-Celebes, vol. 1 (Amsterdam: Noord-Hollandsche, 1938), p. 46.

[4] Noorduyn, J. A Critical Survey of Studies on the Languages of Sulawesi (Leiden: KITLV Press, 1991), p. 76.

[5] Kruyt, Alb. C. De West-Toradjas op Midden-Celebes, vol. 1 (Amsterdam: Noord-Hollandsche, 1938), pp. 12-13.

[6] Barr, Donald, and Sharon Barr. Languages of Central Sulawesi (Ujung Pandang: Hasanuddin University, 1979), pp. 46-51.

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