Harshen Kobon

Harshen Kobon
Dangin harshen	Harshen Kobon
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	kpw
Glottolog	kobo1249

Kobon yana yaren pandanus, wanda ake magana yayin girbi karuka.

Rarraba yanki

Ana magana da Kobon a Lardin Madang da Lardin Highland ta Yamma, a arewacin Dutsen Hagen .

Fassarar sauti

Wasula

Wasulan monophthongal dune

Kawai /i a u/</link> kuma diphthongs suna faruwa ne da farko, ban da ɓangarorin ƙididdiga, wanda ke bambanta /a~e~o~ö/. /e o/</link> faruwa syllable-da farko a cikin kalma. Duk wasula (ciki har da diphthongs) suna faruwa sillable-medially (a cikin syllables CVC), sillable-ƙarshe kuma a ƙarshen kalmomi. Yawancin jerin wasali suna faruwa, gami da wasu masu wasula iri ɗaya.

Consonants

Kobon yana bambanta gefen alveolar /l/</link> , a palatal lateral /ʎ/</link> , wani mai jujjuyawar subreflex a gefe mai ƙarfi /𝼈 /</link> ( ɭ̆</link> ), da kuma trill mai banƙyama /r̝/</link> , ko da yake frication a kan karshen yana da sauyi.

Consonants na Kobon da allunan su

	Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Farin ciki
hanci	m ⟨ m ⟩	n ⟨ n ⟩	ɲ ⟨ ⟩	ŋ ⟨ ŋ ⟩
lenis obstrument	mb [p~b~mb~mpʰ] ⟨ b ⟩	nd [tʰ~d~nd~ntʰ] ⟨ d ⟩	ndʑ [dʑ~ɲdʑ~ɲtɕ] ⟨ j ⟩	ŋɡ [k~ɡ~ɣ~ŋɡ~ŋkʰ] ⟨ g ⟩
fortis obstrument	f [f~ɸ~β~v~ʋ~p̚] ⟨ p ⟩	s ⟨ s ⟩	tɕ [tɕ~dʑ] ⟨ c ⟩	x [kʰ~kx~x~ɣ] ⟨ k ⟩
na gefe		l [l~ɬ] ⟨ l ⟩	ʎ ⟨ ⟩
rhotic		r [ɾ̝̊~ɾ̥~ɾ~r̝̊~r̥~r] ⟩ ⟨	( [ɭ~ɽ~ɽ̊] ⟨ ƚ ⟩
kusanta	w ⟨ w ⟩		j ⟨ y ⟩		ħ [h] ⟨ h ⟩

Za a iya sanya sautin toshewar murya bayan wasula, dangane da baƙaƙen da ya gabata, kuma ba su da murya-da farko. Liquid banda /ʎ/</link> karkata zuwa ga ibadar ƙarshe . Misali, karshe /d/</link> ni [ntʰ]</link> kuma na karshe /l/</link> yana nufin [ɬ]</link> . ( /w/</link> da /j/</link> ba ya faruwa a matsayi na ƙarshe, yayin da hanci da /ʎ/</link> riƙe murya.) Baƙaƙe marasa murya banda /s/</link> da /h/</link> ana ba da zaɓi tsakanin wasulan.

⟨ƚ⟩ is sublaminal retroflex. It has been described as a lateral flap, [𝼈 ].

Duk baƙaƙe suna faruwa ne da farko, ko da yake /ŋ/</link> Kalma kawai ke faruwa-da farko a cikin kalma ɗaya ta mimetic. Duk baƙaƙe amma /h j w/</link> faruwa syllable- da kalma-ƙarshe. Tari yana faruwa a yawancin (C) VC. CV(C) kalmomi, da farko a cikin ɗimbin yawancin kalmomin CCV(C) monosyllabic. Rukunin farko da aka tabbatar sune /bɽ, xɽ, fr, xl/</link> .

Allophones matsayi na Kobon

	kalma-da farko	intervocalically	kalma-karshe
⟨ r ⟩	Ɗauki	da ~ r	ɾ̥~ɾ̝̊~r̥~r̝̊~ɾ~r
⟨ ƚ ⟩	ɽ		ɗ~ɽ~ɽ̊
⟨ ⟩	l		da ~l
⟨ ku ⟩	kʰ~k͜x~x </br> kuma ɣ intervocalically
⟨ p ⟩	da ~ f	β~ʋ (occa. v)	ɗ~p̚
⟨ c ⟩	Ƙarfafawa	tɕ~d͡ʑ	Ƙarfafawa
⟨ g ⟩	ɡ~k	ɡ~ɣ, ɡɡɡ	Ƙƙarƙa
⟨ j ⟩	dʑ	d͡ʑ, ɲ͡d͡ʑ	ɲ͡ ba
⟨ ⟩	d	d, n ɗ	n͜tʰ (occa. tʰ)
⟨ ⟩	b (babu p)	b, m ɓ	m pʰ

A cikin magana, abubuwan da ke toshe lenis na baki ne [b d dʑ ɡ~ɣ]</link> lokacin da hanci ko wani toshewar lenis ya zo a cikin ma'anar da ta gabata, kuma an riga an sanya shi [mb nd ɲdʑ ŋɡ]</link> in ba haka ba, tare da wasu sauye-sauye bayan /h/</link> . Yawancin lokaci suna baka a cikin gungu na tsakiya bayan wani baƙar fata. In ba haka ba allphones a cikin teburin da ke sama suna da yawa a cikin bambancin kyauta .

Nahawu

Maɗaukaki, dual, da jam'i an bambanta su a cikin karin magana na sirri da kalmomin dangi.