Harshen Timbira

Harshen Timbira
Dangin harshen	Default Harshen Timbira
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	–

Timbira ci gaba ne na yare na ƙungiyar harshen Arewacin Jê na harsunan Jê ̣( Macro-Jê ) da ake magana da shi a Brazil . Yaruka daban-daban sun bambanta sosai don wani lokaci ana ɗaukar yaruka daban. Babban nau'ikan, Krahô / ˈkrɑː h oʊ / [ (Craó), da Canela / kæ ˈ nələ / [ 1 (Kanela), suna da masu magana guda 2000, kaɗan daga cikinsu suna jin Portuguese. Pará Gavião yana da masu magana 600-700. Krẽje, duk da haka, ya kusan ƙarewa, tare da masu magana 30 kawai a cikin 1995.

Timibir ya kasance mai tuntuɓar harsuna daban-daban na Tupi-Guarani na ƙananan Tocantins - yankin Mearim, kamar Guajajára, Tembé, Guajá, da Urubú-Ka'apór. Ararandewára, Turiwára, Tupinamba, da Nheengatu ma an yi magana a yankin. Wasu mutanen yankin kuma ana tunawa da Anambé da Amanajé.

Iri

Ire-iren harsunan Timbira sun haɗa da:

• Canela (an raba zuwa Apànjêkra da Mẽmõrtũmre (aka Ràmkôkãmẽkra)), masu magana 2,500 a cikin Maranhão
• Kraho, masu magana 2,000 a cikin Tocantins
• Krĩkatí, ana magana a cikin Terra Indígena Krikati, Maranhão
• Pykobjê, masu magana 600 a Terra Indígena Governador kusa da Amarante, Maranhão
• Parkatêjê, masu magana 12 in Terra Indígena Mãe Maria, Bom Jesus do Tocantins, Pará
• Kỳikatêjê, 9 jawabai in Terra Indígena Mãe Maria, Bom Jesus do Tocantins, Pará
• Krẽje, ƙarƙashin masu magana 30 a Maranhão da Pará

Loukotka (1968)

Loukotka (1968) ya raba kabilar Timbira zuwa rukuni biyu, Timbirá ( Canela ) da Krao . Yawancin suna ƙarƙashin Timbira:

Timbira ( Canela )

• Mehin, Tajé (Timbirá)
• Kreapimkatajé (Krepúnkateye)
• Krenjé ( Krẽyé )
• Remkokamekran (Remako-Kamékrere, Merrime)
• Aponegicran (Apáñekra)
• Krenkatajé (Canella, Kenkateye)
• Sakamekran (Chacamecran, Mateiros)
• Purekamkran, Makamekran (Pepuxi)
• Apinagé, Karaho (Carauau)
• Menren (Gaviões, Augutjé - kalmomi kaɗan kawai da aka sani)
• Meitaje

Krao

• Krahó, Krikati ( Kỳikatêjê )
• Piokobjé (Bucobu, Pukobje, Paicogê)
• Kapiekran

Ramirez et al. (2015)

Ramirez et al. (2015) ya ɗauki Timbira-Kayapó a matsayin yare mai ci gaba, kamar haka:

Canela-Krahô ↔ Gavião-Krĩkati ↔ Apinajé ↔ Kayapó ↔ Suyá-Tapayuna ↔ Panará-Kayapó do Sul

Baya ga Kapiekran, duk nau'ikan Krao ana gane su ta ISO. Ƙarƙashin ƙungiyar Timbira, Loukotka ya haɗa da yarukan da aka ce da yawa waɗanda ba a rubuta komai don su: Kukoekamekran, Karákatajé, Kenpokatajé, Kanakatayé, Norokwajé (Ñurukwayé). Poncatagê (Põkateye) ma ba za a iya gane su ba.

Wani babban taron gama gari don rarrabuwa, kodayake yanki maimakon harshe, shine Western Timbira (Apinayé kaɗai) vs Timbira ta Gabas (Canela, Krikatí, Krahô, Gavião, da sauransu).

Gurupy kogi ne, wani lokaci ana amfani da shi don komawa zuwa Krenye .