Haske
 haske | |
|---|---|
production environment factor (en)  | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
electromagnetic wave (en) da optical radiation (en) |
| Amfani |
visual system (en) , Photosynthesis, fasaha da video art (en) |
| Karatun ta |
optics (en) |
| Has characteristic (en) |
spectrum (en) |
| Hannun riga da | duhu |
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Haske, haske mai ganuwa, ko radiation mai ganuwa shine radiation na lantarki wanda Idanun mutum zasu iya fahimta. Hasken da ake gani ya mamaye bakan da ake gani kuma yawanci ana bayyana shi azaman samun tsawo a cikin kewayon 400-700 nanometers (nm), wanda ya dace da mitoci na 750-420 terahertz. Yankin da ake gani yana zaune kusa da infrared (tare da tsawo wavelengths da ƙananan mitar) da ultraviolet (tare da gajeren wavelength da mafi girma mita), wanda ake kira gaba ɗaya radiation na gani.
A cikin kimiyyar lissafi, kalmar "haske" na iya nufin mafi girma ga radiation na lantarki na kowane tsawo, ko ana iya gani ko a'a. A wannan ma'anar, hasken gamma, X-rays, microwaves da Raƙuman rediyo suma haske ne. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ake kira hasken da ake gani.[1]
Hasken lantarki da haske mai ganuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Gabaɗaya, radiation electromagnetic (EMR) ana rarraba shi ta hanyar wavelength a cikin Raƙuman rediyo, microwaves, infrared, bakan da ake gani wanda muke fahimta a matsayin haske, ultraviolet, X-rays da gamma rays. Sunan "radiation" ya cire wutar lantarki, magnetic da filayen kusa.
Halin EMR ya dogara da tsawo. Manyan mita suna da gajeren wavelengths kuma ƙananan mita suna da tsawo wavelength. Lokacin da EMR ke hulɗa tare da ƙwayoyin halitta guda ɗaya da kwayoyin, halayensa ya dogara da adadin makamashi da yawa da yake ɗauka.
EMR a cikin yankin haske mai ganuwa ya ƙunshi Quanta (wanda ake kira photons) waɗanda ke a ƙarshen ƙarshen makamashi waɗanda ke iya haifar da tashin hankali na lantarki a cikin kwayoyin, wanda ke haifar da canje-canje a cikin haɗin ko ilmin sunadarai na kwayoyin. A ƙarshen ƙananan haske mai ganuwa, EMR ya zama marar ganuwa ga mutane (infrared) saboda photons dinsa ba su da isasshen makamashi na mutum don haifar da canjin kwayoyin na dindindin (canji a cikin tsari) a cikin kwayar halitta ta gani a cikin retinal na mutum, wanda canji ya haifar da jin daɗin hangen nesa.
Saurin haske
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An bayyana saurin haske a cikin iska daidai 299792458 / s (kimanin mil 186,282 a kowace dakika). Matsakaicin darajar saurin haske a cikin raka'a na SI ya samo asali ne daga gaskiyar cewa yanzu an bayyana mita dangane da saurin haske. Dukkanin nau'ikan radiation na lantarki suna motsawa a daidai wannan saurin a cikin iska.
masanan kimiyyar lissafi daban-daban sun yi ƙoƙari su auna saurin haske a cikin tarihi. Galileo ya yi ƙoƙari ya auna saurin haske a ƙarni na goma sha bakwai. Ole Rømer, masanin kimiyyar Danish, ya gudanar da gwaji na farko don auna saurin haske a cikin shekara ta 1676. Yin amfani da na'urar daukar hoto, Rømer ya lura da motsi na Jupiter da ɗaya daga cikin watanni, Io. Da yake lura da bambance-bambance a cikin bayyanar lokacin da Io ke zagayawa, ya lissafa cewa haske yana ɗaukar kimanin minti 22 don ratsa diamita na zagaye na Duniya.[2] Koyaya, ba a san girmansa a wannan lokacin ba. Idan Rømer ya san diamita na duniya, da ya lissafa saurin 227000000 / s.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Spectroscopy: A Measurement Powerhouse". nist.gov. National Institute of Standards and Technology. 16 Apr 2025. Retrieved 20 Dec 2025.
- ↑ Oldford, R. W; MacKay, R. J (2000). "Scientific Method, Statistical Method and the Speed of Light". Statistical Science. 15 (3): 254–278. doi:10.1214/ss/1009212817. MR 1847825. Archived from the original on 24 March 2017. Retrieved 21 August 2008.