Injinia.
 engineering | |
|---|---|
field of work (en)  , branch of science (en) , academic discipline (en) da course of study (en) | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
applied science (en) |
| Bangare na |
science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (en) |
| Is the study of (en) |
technique (en) da technology |
| Karatun ta |
engineering (en) |
| Hashtag (en) | Engineering |
| Tarihin maudu'i |
history of engineering (en) |
| Uses (en) |
physics (en) da kimiya |
| Stack Exchange site URL (en) | https://engineering.stackexchange.com |
| Nada jerin |
list of engineering branches (en) |
Injiniya Mutum ne mai aikin ƙirkira. Injiniyoyi, ƙwararru ne waɗanda ke ƙirƙira, ƙira, tantancewa, ginawa da gwaje-gwajen injuna, tsarin hadaddun tsarin, tsari, na'urori da kayan aiki don cika manufofin aiki da buƙatu yayin la’akari da iyakokin da aka sanya ta hanyar amfani, tsari, aminci da farashi.[1][2] Kalmar injiniya (Latin ingeniator,[3] asalin Ir. a cikin lakabin injiniya a kasashe kamar Belgium da Netherlands) an samo su daga kalmomin Latin ingeniare ("don tsarawa, tsarawa") da kuma ingenium ("wayo" [4][5] Abubuwan cancantar asali na injiniyan ƙwararrun ƙwararrun lasisi yawanci sun haɗa da digiri na farko na shekaru huɗu a cikin horon injiniya, ko a wasu hukunce-hukuncen, digiri na biyu a cikin horon injiniya da shekaru huɗu zuwa shida na aikin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun nazari (wanda ya ƙare a cikin rahoton aikin. ko kasida) da nassi na jarrabawar hukumar injiniya.
Ayyukan injiniyoyi suna samar da hanyar haɗin kai tsakanin binciken kimiyya da aikace-aikacen su na gaba ga bukatun ɗan adam da kasuwanci da ingancin rayuwa.[6]
Ma'ana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 1961, taron Ƙungiyoyin Injiniya na Yammacin Turai da Amurka ta Amurka sun bayyana "ƙwararren injiniya" kamar haka:[7].
ƙwararren injiniya ya ƙware ta hanyar iliminsa na asali da horo don amfani da hanyar kimiyya da hangen nesa don bincike da magance matsalolin injiniya. Ya/ta za ta iya ɗaukar alhakin kai tsaye don haɓakawa da aikace-aikacen kimiyyar injiniya da ilimi, musamman a cikin bincike, ƙira, gini, masana'antu, kulawa, sarrafawa, da kuma cikin ilimin injiniyan. Ayyukansa/ta galibin hankali ne kuma daban-daban ba na tunani na yau da kullun ko na zahiri ba. Yana buƙatar yin amfani da tunani na asali da hukunci da ikon kula da aikin fasaha da gudanarwa na wasu. Iliminsa/ta zai kasance kamar sanya shi/ta iya kusanci da ci gaba da ci gaba a reshensa na kimiyyar injiniya ta hanyar tuntubar sabbin ayyukan da aka buga a duniya baki ɗaya, haɗa irin waɗannan bayanan, da yin amfani da su kai tsaye. Don haka an sanya shi / ta a matsayin don ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban kimiyyar injiniya ko aikace-aikacen sa. Iliminsa da horon da ya yi za su kasance kamar yadda zai iya samun cikakkiyar yabo na kimiyyar injiniya tare da cikakken fahimtar abubuwan musamman na reshensa. A lokacin da ya dace zai iya ba da shawarwarin fasaha na fasaha da kuma ɗaukar alhakin jagorancin ayyuka masu mahimmanci a reshensa.
Fanni da Kwarewa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tsari
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Injiniyoyin haɓaka sabbin hanyoyin fasaha. A lokacin aikin ƙirar injiniya, nauyin injiniya zai iya haɗawa da ayyana matsaloli, gudanarwa da taƙaita bincike, nazarin ma'auni, ganowa da nazarin mafita, da yanke shawara. Yawancin lokacin injiniya yana amfani da bincike, ganowa, nema, da kuma canja wurin bayanai.[8] Lallai, bincike ya nuna injiniyoyi suna kashe kashi 56% na lokacinsu wajen gudanar da ayyuka daban-daban, gami da 14% na neman bayanai.[9]
Dole ne injiniyoyi su auna zaɓin ƙira daban-daban akan cancantar su kuma su zaɓi mafita mafi dacewa da buƙatu da buƙatu. Mahimmancin aikinsu na musamman shine ganowa, fahimta, da fassara maƙasudin ƙira don samar da sakamako mai nasara. Kyakkyawar ƙwarewar warware matsalolin matsala ce mai mahimmanci ga injiniyoyi.
Bincike
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Injiniyoyin suna amfani da dabarun binciken injiniya a gwaji, samarwa, ko kiyayewa. Injiniyoyi na nazari na iya kula da samarwa a masana'antu da sauran wurare, tantance musabbabin gazawar tsari, da gwada fitarwa don kiyaye inganci. Hakanan suna kimanta lokaci da farashin da ake buƙata don kammala ayyukan. Injiniyoyin kulawa suna da alhakin manyan abubuwa ko duka ayyuka. Binciken injiniya ya ƙunshi aikace-aikacen ƙa'idodin nazarin kimiyya da matakai don bayyana kaddarorin da yanayin tsarin, na'ura ko tsarin da ake nazari. Binciken injiniya yana ci gaba ta hanyar rarraba ƙirar injiniya zuwa hanyoyin aiki ko gazawa, yin nazari ko ƙididdige kowane ɓangaren aiki ko tsarin gazawar a ware, da sake haɗa abubuwan. Suna iya nazarin haɗari.[10][11][12][13]
Yawancin injiniyoyi suna amfani da kwamfutoci don samarwa da tantance ƙira, don kwaikwaya da gwada yadda na'ura, tsari, ko tsarin ke aiki, don samar da ƙayyadaddun bayanai don sassa, don lura da ingancin samfura, da sarrafa ingantaccen tsari.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ National Society of Professional Engineers (2006). "Frequently Asked Questions About Engineering". Archived from the original on 22 May 2006. Retrieved 21 September 2006. "Science is knowledge based on our observed facts and tested truths arranged in an orderly system that can be validated and communicated to other people. Engineering is the creative application of scientific principles used to plan, build, direct, guide, manage, or work on systems to maintain and improve our daily lives."
- ↑ Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Manual Labor (2006). "Engineers". Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2006–07 Edition (via Wayback Machine). Archived from the original on 23 September 2006. Retrieved 23 September 2006.
- ↑ Pevsner, N. (1942). "The Term 'Architect' in the Middle Ages". Speculum. 17 (4): 549–562. doi:10.2307/2856447. JSTOR 2856447. S2CID 162586473.
- ↑ "engineer". Oxford Dictionaries. April 2010. Oxford Dictionaries. April 2010. Oxford University Press. 22 October 2011
- ↑ Oxford Concise Dictionary (1995).
- ↑ Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Manual Labor (2006). "Engineers". Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2006–07 Edition (via Wayback Machine). Archived from the original on 23 September 2006. Retrieved 23 September 2006.
- ↑ Christensen, Steen Hyldgaard; Christelle Didier, Andrew Jamison, Martin Meganck, Carl Mitcham, and Byron Newberry Springer. Engineering Identities, Epistemologies, and Values: Engineering Education and Practice in Context, Volume 2, p. 170, at Google Books
- ↑ Eide, A.; R. Jenison; L. Mashaw; L. Northup (2002). Engineering: Fundamentals and Problem Solving. New York City: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.
- ↑ Robinson, M. A. (2010). "An empirical analysis of engineers' information behaviors". Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 61 (4): 640–658. doi:10.1002/asi.21290. S2CID 15130260.
- ↑ Hartford, D.N.D. and Baecher, G.B. (2004) Risk and Uncertainty in Dam Safety. Thomas Telford
- ↑ International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD) (2003) Risk Assessment in Dam Safety Management. ICOLD, Paris
- ↑ British Standards Institution (BSIA) (1991) BC 5760 Part 5: Reliability of systems equipment and components – Guide to failure modes effects and criticality analysis (FMEA and FMECA).
- ↑ Baecher, G.B.; Pate, E.M.; de Neufville, R. (1979). "Risk of dam failure in benefit/cost analysis". Water Resources Research. 16 (3): 449–456. Bibcode:1980WRR....16..449B. doi:10.1029/wr016i003p00449.