Kararrawa
 kararrawa | |
|---|---|
family of musical instruments (en)  | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
percussion vessels (en) da work of art (en) |
| Sunan hukuma | Bells da Campane |
| Karatun ta |
campanology (en) |
| Described at URL (en) | mimo-db.eu… |
| Shape (en) |
bell-shaped (en) |
| Hornbostel-Sachs classification (en) | 111.242 |
| MCN code (en) | 8306.10.00 |
Ƙararrawa ita ce kayan buga wasiƙar kai tsaye. Yawancin karrarawa suna da sifar ƙoƙo mai rami wanda idan an buga shi yana girgiza cikin sautin ƙara guda ɗaya, tare da ɓangarorinsa suna samar da ingantaccen resonator. Ana iya yin yajin ta hanyar "clapper" na ciki ko "uvula", guduma na waje, ko - a cikin ƙananan karrarawa - ta wani ɗan ƙaramin yanki da ke kewaye a cikin jikin kararrawa ( kararrawa jingle).
Yawancin lokaci ana jefa ƙararrawa daga ƙarfe na kararrawa (nau'in tagulla) don ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun sa, amma kuma ana iya yin su daga wasu abubuwa masu wuya. Wannan ya dogara da aikin. Ana iya yin wasu ƙananan ƙararrawa kamar ƙararrawa na ado ko ƙararrawa daga simintin ƙarfe ko matsewar ƙarfe, gilashi ko yumbu, amma manyan karrarawa kamar coci, agogo da karrarawa na hasumiya galibi ana jefa su daga karfen kararrawa.
Kararrawar da aka yi niyya a ji a faffadan yanki na iya zuwa daga kararrawa guda daya da aka rataya a cikin turret ko kararrawa, zuwa gunkin kade-kade kamar zoben kararrawa na Ingilishi, carillon ko zvon na Rasha wanda aka kunna zuwa ma'auni gama gari shigar a cikin hasumiya mai kararrawa. Yawancin gine-gine na jama'a ko na cibiyoyi suna yin kararrawa, galibi kamar kararrawa don yin sautin sa'o'i da kwata.
A tarihi, kararrawa tana da alaƙa da ayyukan ibada, kuma har yanzu ana amfani da ita wajen kiran al'umma don hidimar addini[1]. Daga baya, an yi karrarawa don tunawa da muhimman abubuwan da suka faru ko mutane kuma an danganta su da ra'ayoyin zaman lafiya da 'yanci. Ana kiran binciken kararrawa campanology.[2]
Asali
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bell kalma ce gama gari ga ƙananan yarukan Jamusanci, wanda ke da alaƙa da Middle Low German belle da Dutch bel amma baya fitowa a cikin sauran harshen Jamusanci sai dai Bjalla Icelandic wanda kalmar lamuni ce daga Tsohuwar Ingilishi.[3] Ya shahara[4] amma ba shakka[3] yana da alaƙa da tsohuwar ma'anar kararrawa (Tsohon Turanci: bellan, 'don ruri, don yin ƙara mai ƙarfi') wanda ya haifar da tashin hankali.[5]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Farkon shaidar ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi na kararrawa tun daga karni na 3 BC, kuma an samo ta ne zuwa al'adun Yangshao na Neolithic China. An samo karrarawa da aka yi da tukwane a wuraren binciken kayan tarihi da yawa.[7] Kararrawar tukwane daga baya ta zama kararrawar karfe. A Yammacin Asiya, karrarawa na farko sun bayyana a cikin 1000 BC.[6] Ƙarfe na farko, tare da ɗayan da aka samo a Taosi sa kuma huɗu a cikin Erlitou site, an yi kwanan watan kusan 2000 BC.[8]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Ross 1911, pp. 687–691.
- ↑ Rubino, Anthony (2010-03-18). Why Didn't I Think of That?: 101 Inventions that Changed the World by Hardly Trying. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4405-0698-7.
- ↑ "bell, n.1", Oxford English Dictionary (1st ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1887
- ↑ Haweis 1878, p. 536.
- ↑ von Falkenhausen 1994, p. 132