Katangese Gendarmerie
 Katangese Gendarmerie | |
|---|---|
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| Bayanai | |
| Iri |
armed forces (en)  |
| Ƙasa |
State of Katanga (en) |
| Tarihi | |
| Ƙirƙira | 11 ga Yuli, 1960 |
| Wanda yake bi |
Force Publique (en) |
Katangese Gendarmerie (Faransanci: Gendarmerie Katangaise), a hukumance rundunar sojojin Katanga (Faransanci: Forces Armées Katangaises), ita ce rundunar sojojin da ba a amince da ita ta Katanga a Afirka ta Tsakiya ba daga shekara ta 1960 zuwa shekarar 1963. An kafa sojojin ne bayan ballewar Katanga. daga Jamhuriyar Kongo tare da taimakon sojojin Belgium da tsoffin jami'an Rundunar Buga. Sojojin Belgium sun kuma ba da horo na farko ga Gendarmerie, wanda akasari ya kunshi Katangase amma yawancin Belgian da sojojin haya na Turai suka jagoranta. A tsawon wanzuwar Jihar Katanga, gendarmen sun yi ta gwabzawa da kabilu daban-daban da kuma Sojojin Kwango (ANC). A cikin Fabrairun shekarar 1961 Jandarma ta fara gudanar da jerin ayyuka da nufin murkushe 'yan tawayen kungiyar Générale des Baluba du Katanga (BALUBAKAT) a arewacin Katanga. Yakin neman zaɓe ya yi nasara sosai, amma yakin ya haifar da cin zarafi da kuma dakatar da gendares da dakarun Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Kongo (ONUC) suka yi a lokacin yakin Kabalo a cikin Afrilun shekarar 1961. ONUC ta fara kokarin kawar da sojojin haya na kasashen waje daga Gendarmerie. sannan suka kaddamar da Operation Rum Punch don kama su a watan Agustan shekarar 1961. Sun yi rikici da ONUC sau uku bayan haka, a cikin Operation Morthor (Satumban shekarar 1961), Operation UNOKAT (Disamban shekarar 1961), da Operation Grandslam (Disamban shekarar 1962). Operation Grandslam ya kawo karshen ballewar Katanga a watan Janairun shekarar 1963. Bayan rugujewar gwamnatin ‘yan awaren, da dama daga cikin jami’an Jandarma sun koma rayuwa ta farar hula ko kuma aka shigar da su cikin Sojojin Kongo. Duk da haka, kusan 8,000 sun ki yin hakan, kuma da yawa daga cikin wadannan sun rike makamai sun yi yawo a Arewacin Rhodesia, Angola da Katanga. Da yawa sun tsallaka kan iyakar Kongo zuwa Angola (a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Portugal) inda hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Portugal suka taimaka da horar da su. Sun shiga cikin hare-hare da dama da kuma yunkurin mamaye Kongo, musamman na Stanleyville a shekara ta 1966 da shekarar 1967.
Bayan shekara ta 1967, kusan gendarmes 2,500 sun kasance a Angola, inda aka sake tsara su a matsayin Jam'iyyar 'Yancin Kwango (FLNC) kuma suka yi yakin 'yancin kai na Angolan a gefen gwamnatin Portuguese a kan kungiyoyin kishin kasa na Angolan na Popular Movement for the Popular Movement 'Yantar da Angola (MPLA) da kungiyar kasa ta kasa don 'Yancin kasar Angola (UNITA). Lokacin da yakin ya kare a shekara ta 1975, sun yi yakin basasar Angola da kungiyar 'yantar da kasar Angola (FNLA). FLNC ta shiga cikin Shaba I da II yunkurin mamaye Katanga. An rabu gida biyu bayan yakin, tirwan sun fito sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a yakin Kongo na farko. Tun daga nan an sami 'yan jandarmomi kadan, amma sun bayyana a matsayin alamar tunanin ballewa.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]1:https://history.state.gov/milestones/1961-1968/congo-decolonization 2:https://history.state.gov/milestones/1961-1968/congo-decolonization 3:https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14682745.2012.727801